1. Building Adaptive Local Coastal
Communities to Climate Change Effects
through Ecosystem Approach Planning
P. M. Orencio and M. Fujii
Hokkaido University
Graduate School of Environmental Science
3. Ecosystem Approach Planning
• Integrates ecosystem
considerations into
planning to ensure
sustainability of future
health of both the
ecosystem and humans
• Satisfactory means of
protecting the
environment, particularly
in terms of the negative
cumulative environmental
effects
MOEE, 1994
4. Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
Parameters Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
Species considered All species in ecosystem, particularly those impacted by fishing
Assessment method Multispecies assessments/ indicators
Management objectives Ecological, economic and social
Policy and decision-making Participatory with major stakeholders
Management intervention Broad-based incentives (including ecosystem tools such as
MPAs)
Staples, D. and Funge- Smith, S., 2009
5. Overview of the Study Area
The Province
of Aurora,
Philippines
• coastal length of 410 kilometers
• municipal waters of 367,976 hectares
• extensive coastal ecosystems consist of coral reefs
and sea grass beds as marine habitats
• vast fishing grounds endowed with vast fishery
resource ECOGOV, 2004
7. Assessment of
Human Cumulative
Effects
• Participatory
Fishing Gear Operations in Dinalungan (Northern Aurora)
community mapping
8. 120
Catch per kilograms per day
Long line
Catch trend lines 10C
80
Gillnet
Beach seine
and productions 60
are generally 40
declining! 20
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Too many users without
proper regulations
depletes the resources!
Now, close to one-third of the
province’s population depends
on fishing as a source of food
and livelihood (PPFP, 2005).
Fishery Status of Aurora, 2004
9. Assessing events related to climate changes:
Risks, Likelihoods and Consequences
1. Sea level rise
A one meter rise in sea level is
projected to affect 64 out of 81
provinces, covering at least 703
out of 1610 municipalities and
inundating almost 700 million
square meters of land.
(Manila Observatory, 2007) Greenpeace, 2007
10. 2. Increase in intensity and frequency of precipitation
Tropical
storm
Ketsana
(Ondoy);
Tropical
storms
Parma
(Pepeng)
and Melor Summary of most destructive
typhoons in 2004 (Oct-Dec)
(Quedan)
DOST: PAG-ASA, 2009
11. Eastern part of the Philippines has the highest
frequency of tropical cyclone passage
>30
18
7
0-1
• prone to storm surge because of • more predisposed to
the passing of tropical cyclones surface soil erosion and
• Inundation from sea level rise landslides
Menez, 2006 Cruz, et al, 2006
12. Change in season will affect fisheries
Southwest Monsoon
(Habagat)
Fishing gear operations are dictated by the season (PCRA, 2003)
Most fisheries caught in Aurora are pelagic attributed to the
Northeast Monsoon
(Amihan) characteristics of the habitat and hydrographic condition of
the bay area
(Mamauag, 2004)
13. Ecosystems have low resilience and are highly sensitive.
Negative Improve the health of the ecosystems for better chances of
Unknown
Neutral
recovering from the adverse effects of climate change How?
14. Strategic Actions
1. Rationalize and
harmonize different
uses of coastal areas
through proper
zoning of coastal
lands and municipal
waters
• Minimize
conflicts and
optimize
development
potentials
15. 2. Rehabilitate and
protect coastal habitats
• Reduce potential risks of
adverse oceanic and
atmospheric conditions to
serve as natural barriers
• Biodiversity conservation and
enhancement of endangered
species, e.g. dugong , turtles,
whale sharks
• Improved near shore fishery
productivity
Establish more and manage existing
MPAs
- accelerate and scale up impacts
through inter-LGU MPA networks
16. 3. Manage and Develop the Fisheries Sector
• Ensure food and
livelihood security
a. Improve fishery/coastal
law enforcement
b. Regulate fishing effort
(e.g. boat registration and
licensing, species/gear
specific regulation,
close/open seasons)
c. Explore value adding
mechanism such as fish
processing and other
alternative marketing
schemes
d. Improve post harvest
facilities and marine
transport systems
17. Local governments are in a unique position
to tackle the causes and effects of climate
change ( The Opportunities in Aurora)
A. Policies
• Implementation
of the Inter-LGU
Fishery
Management
Plan (ILFMP)
B. Social Capital
• LGU-level, Inter-LGU, Provincial initiatives • Local institutions
• Local CRM advocates and champions - Provincial agencies
- LGUs – political will (PENRO, PFARO)
- Local community members - Academe (ASCOT)
