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0b101000 years of computing: a personal timeline - decade "0", the 1980's
- 1. 0b101000 years of computing: a personal timeline 1980’s – decade 0 Paul Brebner Instaclustr Technology Evangelist https://www.instaclustr.com/paul-brebner/
- 2. 1980’s
- 3. 1980’s
- 4. 1980’s
- 5. 1980’s
- 6. 1980’s “Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!”
- 7. 1980’s “Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!”
- 8. 1980’s computers • 1979 • Mini-scamp microprocessor, $200 • 256 Bytes RAM, 1MHz, Switches/LEDs • Programmed for simple music synthesis
- 10. 1980’s computers • DEC VAX 11/780, TTL (lots of chips and boards) • 1MB RAM, 5MHz • $500,000 • VAX VMS Operating System • “Mailboxes” for inter-process communication • Naturally we wrote a multiplayer game • Linux Pipes are still around! • https://opensource.com/article/19/4/inte rprocess-communication-linux-channels
- 11. 1980’s software • Fortran? No thanks, skipped 1st year computing and learnt Pascal instead, successor to Algol • Strongly typed, multiple built in data types, functions and procedures • Using a time-shared VAX 11/780 was painful during the day • Had to book ½ hour slots on limited number of terminals • Typing and program execution was sluggish • Debugging typically done with paper printouts • Real computer scientists worked from 11pm until breakfast
- 12. 1980’s software - LISP • Artificial Intelligence looked promising and possible • 1980’s AI Bubble, followed by the 1990s AI Winter • LISP AI programming language • Dynamic typing, garbage collection, functions are first-class objects, lists and s-expressions • LISP = Lost in the Sea of Parenthesis/Lots of Insidious Superfluous Parentheses
- 13. 1980’s cold war •KGB Agent: The American’s are programming Star Wars in LISP! •KGB General: How do you know? •KGB Agent: I stole the final page of a printout - See for yourself!
- 15. 1980’s software - Prolog • Infinitely better AI Language • Declarative Logic Programming language • First order logic (mostly) • Just state facts, write some rules, and ask a question (a goal) • Prolog uses magic - theorem proving (resolution, unification) and backtracking - to find solution(s).
- 16. Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, and Han Solo are all linked – but do you remember how?
- 17. Prolog example fatherOf(anakin, luke). motherOf(padme, luke). fatherOf(anakin, leia). motherOf(padme, leia). fatherOf(han, ben). motherOf(leia, ben). siblingOf(X, Y) :- fatherOf(F, X), fatherOf(F, Y). siblingOf(X, Y) :- motherOf(M, X), motherOf(M, Y).
- 18. Query siblingOf(X, Y)? X = Y, Y = luke X = luke, Y = leia X = Y, Y = ben X = leia, Y = luke Whoops, someone can’t be their own sibling!
- 19. Prolog example, correct fatherOf(anakin, luke). motherOf(padme, luke). fatherOf(anakin, leia). motherOf(padme, leia). fatherOf(han, ben). motherOf(leia, ben). siblingOf(X, Y) :- fatherOf(F, X), fatherOf(F, Y), X = Y. siblingOf(X, Y) :- motherOf(M, X), motherOf(M, Y), X = Y.
- 20. Query siblingOf(X, Y)? X = luke, Y = leia X = leia, Y = luke Lots of online prolog interpreters and examples to try. Parallels between Prolog and Graph Databases.
- 21. First order machine learning • Autonomous learning in a robot blocks world • What I actually spent the 80’s doing (Waikato and then UNSW) • Can a machine learn • Prolog programs (blocks world theories)? • From positive and negative examples? • Autonomously? Choosing what it wants to learn and what actions to perform next? • Yes, but need sophisticated algorithms, lots of examples, and lots of CPU/memory Drawn with MacDraw
- 22. Induction, opposite of Deduction • Given (lots of) Positive Examples (things that are true): siblingOf(luke, leia). siblingOf(leia, luke). • And (lots of) Negative Examples (things that are false): siblingOf(luke, luke). siblingOf(leia, leia), siblingOf(ben, ben). siblingOf(luke, ben). etc • And the background facts: fatherOf(anakin, luke). motherOf(padme, luke). fatherOf(anakin, leia). motherOf(padme, leia). fatherOf(han, ben). motherOf(leia, ben). • Learn the rules: siblingOf(X, Y) :- fatherOf(F, X), fatherOf(F, Y), X = Y. siblingOf(X, Y) :- motherOf(M, X), motherOf(M, Y), X = Y.
- 23. Prolog beyond the 1980’s? • Did Prolog die out? Not entirely… • I used declarative programming techniques for: • Optus Mailbox system protocol • specification and automatic generation of executable code • Automated testing for UNIX resource management system • declarative specification of correct behavior • machine learning techniques to generate optimal test cases • Declarative programming ideas ended up as Model Driven Development (MDD) • E.g. Automated performance modelling from APM data • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221554803_Performance_modeling_for_ service_oriented_architectures • https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2851553.2851560
- 24. 1980’s computers • 2nd homemade and designed computer • 1984, $2,000 64KB RAM, Motorola 6809 (8MHz) microprocessor, 2 x 8” floppy disk drives • Shared-memory multi-processor architecture (2KB shared fast memory)
- 25. But we had a problem • In the 1980’s software wasn’t portable • Locked in with Hardware, Operating Systems, and Programming Languages. • And we needed drivers, file system, operating system, compilers, interpreters, utilities, applications, etc, for our 6809 computer • We wrote everything in BPCL “Basic Combined Programming Language” • Very portable, 2 part compiler with an intermediate O-code language (Sound familiar? Java) • BCPL influenced C and Java • James Gosling new some BCPL ”jokes at ApacheCon! • Some BCPL jokes: • “Because BCPL led to B which led to C, the successor of C should have been P and not C++” • “BPCL was useful for only one thing, to write the BCPL compiler” • “BCPL is typesafe (there’s only one type)” • We used the 6809 machine as a prototype digital music synthesizer • but the main “benefit” was the bootstrapping experience (once is enough)
- 26. 1980’s computers - continued
- 27. 1980’s computers – Apple Mac (128k), IBM PC
- 28. Guess which one had to be booked and almost melted?!
- 29. 1980’s computers – Commodore Amiga (1987) • 512KB RAM • $1,000 • 880KB Floppy disks (programs came on dozens of them) • Colour graphics, hardware sprites, high quality audio chip • AmigaDOS - written in BCPL!
- 31. What else? Late 80’s • The Internet • in the 1980’s NZ&Oz were only connected by intermittent store and forward dial-up connections • 1st permanent TCP/IP connection in 1989 • Email, file transfer etc (24-48 hour turn around) • brebs©cheops@munnari.oz • My email from 2nd ½ of 1980s, “oz” was the original domain for Australian store and forward internet messaging system • Usenet (distributed peer to peer newsgroups), originally worked with dial-up bulletin boards before widespread internet connectivity
- 32. What else? UNIX • brebs©cheops@munnari.oz • ”cheops” was a Pyramid Technology supermini computer at UNSW • New RISC architecture • 100 instructions c.f. 300 for VAX • Less clock cycles per instruction • 64 registers, 48 were top of program stack • 4 CPUS, 25MIPS cf VAX 0.5MIPS • UNIX (UNIX Wars) • Pyramid ran both UNIXes: BSD and System V! • Eventual portability, POSIX -> Linux
- 33. The End (of the 80’s)