Unit 2. A world of migrants. Book Vicens Vivens. History and Geography. 3º of ESO

1. THE MIGRATION IN SPAIN

2. Two important historical periods
1. SPAIN AS A PLACE OF ORIGIN OF
EMMIGRANTS (16TH-19TH century)
2. SPAIN, AS A COUNTRY OF RECEPTION OF
EMIGRANTS (1970-current dates)

3. Why did people leave
Spain in the past?

4. 1. SPAIN AS A PLACE OF ORIGIN
OF EMMIGRANTS
It took place between mid 19th century and the crisis in 1875
The main reason was the economic: the need to search for a job
and improve living conditions.

5. The emigration to America
The Spaniards have been
travelling to America since
the discovery in the 16th
century.
Nonetheless, there was a
peak in the mid 19th
century, as people were
looking for better life
conditions.

6. With the industrialisation,
Spanish people were able to take
steamboats to travel to America.
This also allowed to transport a
great number of people and
become less risky.
Emigration continued during the
first decades the 20th century
until the crisis of the 21th slowed
this trend.

8. The economic crisis of 1973
.
It was the result of an increase in the oil price. I put an end to
foreign emigration, when employment increase in Europe.
Part of the emigrant population returned to Spain and another
stayed permanently abroad.

9. .

10. Photo courtesy of Francisco Colinet (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MIGRATION IN SPAIN

11. The internal migration
It started at the end of the 19th
century, increased after 1950, and
reached its peak between the 60 and
the 70’s.
Rural exodus was emigration from
the countryside to the cities, towards
industrialised regions.
Internal emigration led to ageing
population and depopulation in
towns and villages.
Photo courtesy of Ewan Munro (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

12. Meanwhile, the host cities grew rapidly, and industry had cheap labour. But
the arrival of so many migrants caused serious problems, as the poor
neighbourhoods that sprang up in the outskirts of the city, slums.

14. Spain, a destination for immigration
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In the last 25 years, migration in Spain
has undergone a radical change.
It has gone from being a country of
emigrants to one of the countries of the
EU with more inmigrantes.
Currently, more tan 6 billion foreigners
live in Spain.
They make up 11% of the population.

15. Photo courtesy of (@Wikimedia.org) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution
.
Why does Spain receieve so many immigrants?

16. Reasons of the arrival of immigrants to Spain?
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- There is a growing trend of increase foreign
migration un the world
- Spain’s economic growth and the increased
job opportunities
- The geographical location of Spain,
between Africa and Europe
- The language and cultural and historical
connection, that attacts immigrants form
North America.
- Good weather and gastronomy attracts
European pensioners who settle in Spain.

17. What are the main consequences
of the arrival of immigrants to
Spain
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18. Effects of the arrival of emigrants
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• Rebound of birth rate and
deceleration of the ageing
population
• Increase in the size of active
population,
• Immigrants contribute to pension
payments, as they pay social
security contribution

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• Activation of consumption and increase of gross
domestic products.
• Provide greater ethnic and cultural diversity.

22. What are the main
demographic challanges that
Spain has to face?

23. Insufficient natural growth
Like any European country, Spain is affected by the
problems of an ageing population.
Spain had in 2020 a negative natural growth of -154.724
people, due to factors as:
- A decrease in birth rate
- The increased average age of women having their her
first child
- An increase in death rate

24. However, there are marked differences between different
territories in Spain.

25. Predictions show that the negative natural growth will continue in the following
years. This happens beacuse fewer genrations are reaching a childcaring age.