1. PLANTS: structure and function
March 2008
Mrs.. Snyder

2. Plants: Grouped by characteristics
 Vascular
 Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
 Roots can be different sizes:
 Fibrous and tap roots
 Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
 Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in
water and minerals, and store food.
 Nonvascular
 Simple; most grow in moist places
 No vascular tissues.

3. a protective
covering that makes seeds.
surrounds the
seed
makes the plant's
food.
carries water and food
to the rest of the plant.
anchor the plant
in place and
absorb water
and other
minerals from
the soil.

4. Vascular Plants: Stems
 Function of stems
 Support, transport of water & food
 Most stems grow upward
 Some stems grow sideward
 Types of stems
 Green
 Woody
 Transport of materials
 Xylem & phloem

5. Vascular Plants: Leaves
 Leaves come in variety of shapes and sizes
 Leaves are arranged in different ways

6. What do plants do?
 All plants are alike in one way.
 They need three things in order
to survive
 Water
 carbon dioxide
 energy from sunlight Classify – to
sort into groups
 What do you suppose the plants based on
similarities and
use these things for? differences

7.  They turn it into sugar!
photosynthesis – a
process by which
plants change light
energy from the sun
and use it to make
sugar
Plants and some
protists conduct
photosynthesis.

8. Photosynthesis
A movie of photosynthesis
 As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is
chlorophyll – the
released
green substance
 When the plant uses the sugar, found in plants
that traps
water and carbon dioxide are
energy from the
released. sun and gives
plants their
green color
carbon dioxide – a
gas found in air

9. How Do Plants Get Energy
Plant leaves change light
Stomata are
energy into energy tiny holes on
the plant can use. the bottom of
the leaf that let
air (CO2.) in
and (O2)out.
They get sunlight, Roots get water and
minerals directly from the
water, and air (CO2.)
soil.
The veins of a leaf bring
water and minerals to the leaf
from the stems and roots.

10.  Because of this process
 Scientists are able to classify living things
by the way they get their food.
 Plants are producers (autotrophs)
producer – it is a
living thing that
uses sunlight to
make sugar. This
sugar feeds others.

11. What Are the Sepal – one of the leaf-
like parts that protects
Parts of a Flower a flower bud and that is
usually green
 Most flowers have four Pistil – part of a flower
parts that makes the eggs
that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a
flower that makes
pollen
Pollen – tiny grains
 Flower parts that make seeds when
combined with a
flower’s egg

12. Plant Kingdom
Non-flowering Flowering
Plants Plants

13. 2 groups
Non - flowering Plants
Mosses Ferns
Do NOT produce flowers

14. Examples of Mosses

15. Spore-producing capsule
spores

16. Characteristics of Mosses
Simplest plants
No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport)
Simple stems leaves
Have rhizoids for anchorage
Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal)
Damp terrestrial land

18. A leaf (finely
divided into
small parts)
underground
stem
root

20. Characteristics of Ferns
roots, feathery leaves underground stems
have vascular tissues (transport support)
Spore-producing organ on the underside of
leaves (reproduction)
Damp shady places

21. FLOWERING
PLANTS

23. needle-shaped leaves

24. Male cones Female cones
(in clusters) (scattered)

25. Characteristics of Gymnosperms
tall evergreen trees
roots, woody stems
needle-shaped leaves
vascular tissues (transport)
cones with reproductive
structures
naked seeds in female cones
dry places

27. Ovary – the bottom
part of the pistil
How Do Flowers Make Seeds in which seeds
and Fruits? form
Ovule - the inner
Great Plant Escape- Plant parts part of an ovary
that contains an
egg
embryo – tiny part
of a seed that
can grow into a
new plant

28. How Seeds Form
 After fertilization the flower
dries up and petals fall off,
leaving just the pistil and its
ovary.
 The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets
larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
 When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up
and the seeds fall out.
 Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat

29. How Fertilization Occurs
 When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a
thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen
grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.
Fertilization –
the
combination of
sperm from a
pollen grain
with an egg to
form a seed

30. How Pollination Occurs
 Butterflies may carry pollen
from the stamen of one flower
to the pistil of the the same
flower. Sometimes the
butterfly may carry pollen
from the stamen of one flower
to the pistil of another flower
Pollination- the
movement of pollen of the same kind.
from a stamen to a  Pollen: Nothing to Sneeze At
pistil

31. Some flowering plants are
monocot
seed – a
dicot seed – a
seed that
seed that has two
has one
seed leaves that
seed leaf
contain stored
and
food
stored
food
outside
the seed
leaf

32. monocot
seed – a
dicot seed – a
seed that
seed that has two
has one
seed leaves that
seed leaf
contain stored
and
food
stored
food
outside
the seed
leaf

33. What is the Life Cycle of a
Flowering Plant dormant – the
resting stage of a
seed
 Dormant Seed
 Takes in water and the
seed coat gets soft. If
the seed has enough
oxygen and the right
temperature, it will
begin to germinate.

34.  Geminating Seed
 First a root pushes through the
seed coat and grows
downward.
 The top part of the root grows
upward and becomes the stem.
The stem carries the seed coat
and the seed leaves with it.
The seed coat falls off. The
seed leaves provide food for
the plant. Two small leaves
begin to grow from between
the seed leaves.

35.  Seedling
 When the stored food within the original seed
leaves is used up, they dry up and drop off.
More leaves grow from buds on the stem as
the plant grows taller. The new leaves can
trap energy from sunlight and make sugar.
Plants use the energy in the
sugar to grow.

36. How Do Other Living Things
Get Energy? All living things need
energy to survive
Consumer – a
living thing
that gets
energy by
eating plants
and other
animals

37. Animals cannot use
light energy to make
sugar. Animals
depend on plants for
food.
Decomposer – a
consumer that
puts materials
from dead plants
and animals
back into the
soil, air, and
water

38. Consider this….
 What is one way to classify all plants into
two groups
 How do plants that do not make seeds
reproduce?
 In what part of a flower are seeds made?
 How are flowers pollinated?
 How is a monocot seed different from a
dicot seed?