Difference between ointments and paste, preparation of paste, preservatives, jellies, and preparations, poultices

1. SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORM
Paste, Jellies, & Poultice
Parag Jain
Assistant Professor
Chhattrapati Shivaji Institute
of Pharmacy
Durg, Chhattisgarh
Presented by

2. Paste
• Pastes are homogeneous semisolid dosage form
contains high conc. Of insoluble powder substance
( not less than 20%) dispersed in the suitable base.
• The paste are usually less greasy, more absorptive
& stiffer than ointments.
• They have good adhesion on skin & they do not
melt at ordinary temperature.

3. Characteristics of paste
• Pastes are stiffer than other semisolid dosage forms such as
ointments and creams hence they remain stable at site of
application.
• Because of high powder contents pastes are porous; hence,
perspiration can escape.
• They do not interfere with the non-infected areas of the skin.
• These are considerably less greasy when compared to
ointments.
• They are mostly applied over moist lesions as they possess
good adhesive property towards the skin.
• Most of the pastes are unsuitable for treating scalp conditions
because they are difficult to remove from the hair.

4. Bases Used for Pastes
• Hydrocarbon Bases : e.g. soft paraffin & liquid
paraffin used as a base.
• Water miscible bases : Emulsifying ointment is
used as a base. Also glycerin is also used as a
base.
• Water soluble bases: combination of high &
low M.W PEG are mixed together as a base.

5. ⇰ Hydrocarbon Bases
Soft paraffin and liquid paraffin are commonly used
bases.
Name of the
preparation
Active
ingredients
Base Use
Compound
Zinc Paste
B.P.
Zinc oxide Soft
paraffin
Eczema,
Psoriasis.
Compound Zinc
& Salicylic acid
Paste B.P.
Zinc oxide
&
Salicylic
acid
Soft
paraffin
Eczema,
Psoriasis.
Coal tar paste Coal tar Soft
paraffin
Eczema
Dithranol
paste
compound
Dithranol Soft
paraffin
Ring worm
Aluminium paste
B.P.C.
Aluminium
oxide
Liquid
paraffin
Protectant

6. ⇰ Water miscible Base
Water miscible bases includes emulsifying ointments
and emulsifying wax used for the preparation of
pastes.
Name of the
preparation
Base Use
Resorcinol & sulfur
Paste B.P.C.
Emulsifying
ointment
Treatment of
Dandruff
Zinc & Coal tar Paste Emulsifying wax Eczema
Magnesium sulfate
paste B.P.C.
Magnesium
sulfate-45%
Phenol in
glycerol
Used to treat boils

7. ⇰ Water soluble Base
Water soluble bases are prepared from mixture of high
and low molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
Name of the
preparation
Base Use
Water soluble
dental
pastes
Neomycin sulfate Sterilizing infected
root
canal
Triamcinolone
Dental
paste
B.P.C.
Triamcinolone
acetonide in an
adhesive
paste(sodium
carboxy methyl
cellulose, pectin
+ gelatin)
Anti inflammatory

8. Additives of paste

9. Method of preparation
• Pastes are prepared by trituration and fusion methods.
• Trituration method is used when the base is liquid or
semisolid.
• Fusion method is used when the base is semisolid/
solid in nature.

10. • Trituration method
• Compound Zinc Paste is prepared by both fusion and
trituration method.
Procedure:
• Zinc oxide and starch powder are passed through
sieve No. 180.
• Soft paraffin is melted on a water bath.
• Required amount of powder is taken in a mortar,
triturated with little melted base
• until smooth and gradually rest of the base is added.

11. • Fusion method
• Zinc and coal tar Paste B.P.C. is prepared by fusion method.
Method 1
• The components are melted in decreasing order of their
melting point i.e., higher M.P. the substance should be
melted first.
• The medicament is added slowly in the melted ingredients
and stirred thoroughly until the mass cools down.
Method 2
• All the components are taken in subdivided state and
melted together.

12. Difference between paste & ointment
• Pastes contain large
amount of finely powdered
solids such as starch,zinc
oxide,calcium carbonates
etc.
• Pastes are very thick and
stiff,
• Pastes are less greasy ,
• Pastes are generally
applied with a spatula or
spread on lint.
• Ointments contain
medicaments which are
generally dissolved /
suspended / emulsified in
the base.
• Ointments are soft
semisolid preparations.
• Ointments are more
greasy.
• Ointments are simply
applied on the skin.
Paste Ointment

13. Difference between paste & ointment
• Pastes form a protective
coating to the area where
it is applied.
• Paste contains a large
amount of powder which
is porous in nature,hence
perspiration can escape.
• Pastes are less
macerating than
ointments,
• Ointments are used as
protective or emollient for
the skin.
• Ointments are used for
the protection of lesions.
• Ointments are more
macerating in action
Paste Ointment

14. JELLIES

15. Introduction
• Jellies are transparent or translucent non-greasy
semisolid dosage form.
• They are less greasy compare with gel.
• They are mainly used for mucous membrane for
lubricating, antiseptic purpose.
• Jellies are also used for lubricating surgical gloves, catheters &
rectal thermometers.
• Vaginal jellies & contraceptive jellies are also commonly
used.

16. Types of Jellies
1. Medicated jellies: Medicated jellies contains a
considerable amount of water therefore those are
suitable for water soluble medicaments & used for
Afteranesthetics, antiseptics
evaporation of water
and spermicidal.
they produce cooling
sensation to the skin.
2. Lubricating jellies:
3. Miscellaneous jellies: Patch testing: Used for
allergens which are applied on skin to check the
sensitivity. Electro-cardiography:

17. Following jelling agents are used…
• Tragacanth
• Sodium alginate
• Pectin
• Starch
• Gelatin
• Cellulose derivatives

18. Tragacanth
• It is commonly used for the
preparation of lubricating, medicated
& contraceptive jellies.
• For lubricating jellies 2 to 3 %
• For dermatological vehicle about 5%
• For medicated jellies 5%

19. • Tragacanth jellies are also called
bassorin paste.
• When tragacanth added in water it
produce lumpy product.
• So, dispersing agents like alcohol,
glycerin or a volatile oil is used to
get a homogeneous preparation.

20. Sodium Alginate
• Those jellies are used as lubricants
& for dermatological vehicles.
• In lubricants 1.5 to 2% & for
dermatological vehicle 5 to 10%
sodium alginate used.
• In that type of jellies alcohol,
propylene glycol or glycerin used
as dispersing agents.

21. Pectin
• Pectin is a very good gelling agent.
• Pectin used in various preparation of jellies
including edible jellies.
• It is mainly used in dermatological jellies.
• Glycerin is used as humectant & dispersing agent.
• Pectin jellies prepared with suitable
preservatives.

22. Starch
• Starch jellies prepared with combination of
gelatin & glycerin.
• Starch glycerin jellies prepared by heating
method or fusion method.
• Glycerin in large amounts i.e 50% may be act as
preservative & humectant.

23. Gelatin
• Gelatin soluble in hot water.
• 2% gelatin produce jelly in a hot solution.
• Very stiff medicated jellies can be prepared by incorporating with
15% gelatin.
• Such jellies melted before use & after cooling to desired
temperature it can be applied with brush on affected area.
• Those applied areas are cover with bandage.
• The dressing may be left in place after several weeks.
• Zinc gelatin jellies is also known as Unna’s paste.

24. Cellulose derivatives
• Methyl cellulose & sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
are widely used for preparation of jellies.
• Those substances produce natural & stable jellies.
• Those afford good resistance against bacterial growth.
• Those produce strong film on the skin after drying on skin.

25. Preparation of Jellies
• Preparation of jellies using thickening agents
such as tragacanth, pectin, CMC etc in aq.
Vehicle.
• Then triturate with medicaments until a
uniform product is obtained.

26. POULTICES (CATAPLASAMS)
• Poultices are viscous, soft wet masses of solid
substances applied to skin.
• It is used for relief from pain, reduce inflammation or
act as counter-irritant.
• Now a days poultices are out dated.
• In the formulation of the poultices contains heavy
kaolin because it acts as a carrier of heat.
• Poultices is applied to the affected part after heating it
in a china dish with stirring until the heat is tolerated
on the back of the hand.
• The melted poultices is spread as thick film on a
dressing material & applied as hot as the patient can
bear it to the affected area.

27. Website: www.probecell.com Email: probecellinfo@gmail.com
Ph: 7415211131
Office: Smriti Nagar, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh - 490020
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