2. Balantidium coli is a parasitic
species of ciliate protozoan
responsible for the disease
Balantidiasis.
Balantidium coli is the
largest protozoan and the only
ciliate known to parasitize humans.
3. Balantidiosis is a zoonotic disease.
It is acquired by humans
via the fecal-oral route from
the normal host, the pig,
where it is Asymptomatic.
Water is the vehicle for
most cases of Balantidiosis
ofBalantidiosis.
8. Trophozoite
Oval pointed at anterior end
50-130um long
Covered in cilia
Non-infective
Reproduce by binary fission and
conjugation
Micronuclei and macronuclei
9. Cyst
Spherical
40-60um across
Covered with thick, hard
cyst wall with cilia
Infective
Non-reproductive
Macronuclei
11. Trophozoite
Shape
Oval, pointed at anterior end
Size
50-130 m long
Surface
Covered in cilia
Infectious
Not infective
Reproduction
By binary fission or conjugation
Nuclei
Macronucleus and micronucleus
13. Life cycle
Life Cycle Completed in a single host Natural hosts
Pigs Accidental host
Route : Ingestion
Reproduction: asexual and sexual
14. Life Cycle
Life cycle is as follow :
The cyst is the infective stage of
Balantidium coli life cycle.
Once the cyst is ingested via
feces-contaminated food or
water, it passes through the host
digestive system.
There, excystation takes place in
small intestine.
Excystation produces a
trophozoite from the cyst stage.
15. The motile trophozoite then resides in the lumen
of the large intestine, feeding on intestinal
nutrients.
Trophozoites multiply by asexual binary fission or
sexual conjugation
The trophozoite may become invasive and
penetrate the mucosa of the large intestine.
Trophozoites are released with the feces, and
encyst to form new cyst
Cysts in the environment are then ready to infect
another host.
16. Sign and Symptoms
Acute ,even hemorrhagic
Diarrhea
Ulceration to gut wall
Dysentery
Colitis
Abdominal pain
17. Diagnosis
Examination of patient`s stool
Biopsy
sigmoid scope is used to visually
inspect the last sections of the
large intestine
18. Treatment
Three drugs are commonly used and administered
orally
1) Tetracycline
2) Metronidazole
3) Iodoquinol
19. (1) Tetracycline's
500 mg four times
daily for 10 days
(2)
Metronidazole
750 mg three times
daily for 5 days
(3) Iodoquinol
640 mg three times
daily for 20 days
20. Control and Prevention
Avoid ingestion of material contaminated with
animal feces
Prevention and control Sanitary disposal of human
and pig feces
Treatment of infected pigs
Prevention of fecal contamination of food and water