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Beef housing and facilities
- 1. Beef Housing and Facilit Meghan Filbert CCE of Delaware County, NY Dairy/Livestock Educator
- 2. Beef Cattle Production Cow - calf operation Feeder cattle operation Combination of both groups Growth phases and climate affect what facilities are needed
- 3. Seasonal Requirements Summer Grazing on pasture, no housing required Winter Windbreaks Calving barn Portable shelters / open-front shed Barns
- 4. Perimeter Fencing 2-4 strands high tensile or smooth electric wire HT woven wire for sheep, goats and calves Adequately sized and grounded charger Minimum of 3000 volts Solid corner and end posts spacing (the hotter the fence, the farther the post spacing) 35-40’
- 6. Interior Fencing Temporary fencing 1-2 strands used to create paddocks within pasture Rotational grazing recommended New paddock every 2-4 days, 1 week at max. 21 Mistakes to Avoid with Electric Fencing www.pasturemanagement.com/mistakes.htm
- 9. …. and the use of temporary products for interior division fencing.
- 10. Water Supply Fresh, unfrozen water is essential! Distance to water in pasture, ≤ 1 – 0.5 mile Free access OR ad libitum at least once daily 7.5 cm of linear space/animal at the waterer 10 gallons/1100 lb/day, average weather 20 gallons/1100 lb/day, hot weather Portable water tanks in pasture Heated units for winter, snow can be a water
- 11. Housing Location Well drained soil Surface water drainage away from water source Shelter Dry Draft free Proper ventilation - eve and ridge vents, curtains
- 12. Disadvantages of Housing Cost to build Respiratory disease and scours Manure handling and disposal
- 13. Cows are built for cold Thick hide Long hair Low requirements High fiber diets
- 14. Climatic Conditions Critical temperature (temperature at which body reserves and/or energy normally available for gain is used to maintain body temperature) 0o F for a .45 Mcal NEg -200 F for .60 Mcal NEg rations
- 15. Climatic Conditions Mud and cold rain increase maintenance energy requirements 25-40% Cold rain reduces insulation barrier resulting in increased heat loss Wind: the critical temp changes about 1 degree F for each 1mph of wind Abrupt changes have greater impact on nutrient demand Wind breaks help to moderate these abrupt
- 16. Windbreaks Natural windbreaks Dense brush, fence cattle out Determine snow patterns, put up snow fence Plant a shelterbelt Rows of large round bales can provide protection Windbreak fence 80% solid, ≥ 10 ft high. Downwind protection 8-10x height of fence
- 20. Cold Housing: Portable, 3 Sided Calf Shelter Needed for calving, weaning, sick animals Open side facing away from prevailing winds Open side facing south for winter sun
- 21. Cold Housing: Portable, 3 Sided Calf Shelter Ventilated by natural air flow Provides dry resting area Warming box or heat lamps for winter calving Portability makes manure pack easy to clean Portability helps control pathogens Space recommendations in handouts
- 29. Old Dairy Barns Renovation can cost less than a new structure Lighting and ventilation usually adequate Tie stalls with gutter not recommended Free stall with manure handling set-up
- 33. Sources Agriculture Alternatives, Penn State. http://agalternatives.aers.psu.edu UMass Extension, Beef Cattle Housing & Equipment. www.umass.edu/cdl Government of Saskatchewan, Beef Cattle Housing and Feedlot Facilities. http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Beef_Cattle_Housing Small Scale Beef Production Handbook. Faulkner, D., Parrett, D., Stoughtenborough, T. 1998. Univ. of Illinois Extension Beef Cow Management, Penn State Cooperative Extension, Equipment and Handling Facilities. Beef Housing & Equipment Handbook, 1975, Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Beef Cattle Housing, Kavanagh, A.J. & Dodd, V.A., 1976 Chapter 6: Beef Cattle. http://www.fass.org/docs/agguide3rd/Chapter06.pdf
- 34. QUESTIONS?
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Today I’ll speak on different types of housing and handling facilities for starting your beef cattle operation.
- There are two types of operations that may require housing of some kind. Housing needs are very depend on when you plan on calving. Calving in January requires better shelter than if you were to calve in March or April. If you calve in the winter, shelter will be needed for calves. Reasons to calve in the winter: show calves, put bull in at the wrong time If you plan your operation around Late spring calving does not require the same facilities, only need minimal shelter. Reasons for spring calving: good forage for lactating mothers who have a higher nutrient requirement and you may simply want to have calves on pasture
- Different season call for different requirements In the summer, most likely you’ll be grazing your animals. Many types of structures meet winter requirements… list.
- Let’s talk about fencing first. Fencing is essential. These are your very basic fencing needs Depending on what group of cattle you’re raising, you may or may not need shelter. You will always need fencing.
- Acclimate/educate animals to the fence and electric High Tensile is recommended for numerous reasons (durability, longevity, minimal maintenance, effectiveness) – tree anecdote, spring maintenance, ease of working with/around – hunting clothesneed some form of electric to control animals with temp fence (electrifying barbed wire not recommended)General guidelines:Dairy cows: 1-2 strandsBeef cows & heifers: 3-4 strandsSheep/goats: 4-6 strand or HT woven wireHorses: 3-6 strand (coated or standard); electric rope, board, rail
- Seek advice and knowledge from others (SWDC, WAC, NRCS, CCE, other farmers, internet, etc.) Have a plan; minimize gates, corners, ends (reduces costs- especially with high tensile) Bottom line: 1 strand of poly wire can work for containing beef cows as long as they are trained to respect the fence, they have adequate feed and water, and aren’t being chased/harrassed by something. No matter what kind of fence you have, if the animals want out, they’ll get out.
- Properly electrified (3kV +) poly products work well for controlling livestockPolytape picturedAll kinds of temporary fence products: tape, wire, netting, ropePlus all kinds of posts insulators, etcI recommend getting some fence catalogs when looking to purchase temp fence products as well as ask around to see what works for others
- Couple different set-ups
- Interior division fencing
- Another essential in any livestock operation is access to fresh water. Portable water tanks in pasture to reduce the impact of cattle in one location. Cattle can acquire water through snow on the ground if you are having trouble getting water to them in the winter.
- Once fencing and water is established, then move to housing/shelterTwo considerations when building beef housing facilities Location for shelter, waterers, feeding area If shelter is needed, make sure it is dry and draft free
- Windbreaks can be a variety of different setups If possible, use natural windbreaks when selecting a confinement area for cattle. Cattle will kill trees from trampling and rubbing. 80% solid, 20%pourous
- Main purpose: to protect from cold, wind, drifting snow, rain and extreme temps. For animals over 600 lbs, windbreaks and dry resting areas are sufficient 5 degrees F above outdoor conditions due to body heat Bed with hay, shavings, straw… build pack – becomes a dense hay mat that gives off heat Move around pasture, makes manure/pack easy to clean and reduces pathogen load/scours
- The advantages of this type of structure..
- To mention a few other types of structures suitable for raising beef cattle…
- Bedded pack, feed storage, can close endwalls, adjust curtains for ventilation, fairly inexpensive.