2. Derivatives of 20 Carbon atom
polyunsaturated essential fatty acids
Derived from cell membrane phospholipids
Most universally distributed autacoids
Prostaglandins - PGs
Leukotrienes - LTs
Thromboxanes – TXs
3.
4. Derivatives of prostanoic acid
Synthesized locally
in response to appropriate
stimuli
Like injury, infection
5.
6.
7. Vasodilatation, fall in BP
Contraction of uterus, softening of
cervix
Dilatation of bronchi
Decreases acid secretion, increases
mucus secretion
Increases peristalsis of intestines
35. Facilitate fertilization
PGs mediate initiation and
progression of labour
Dysmenorrhoea associated With
Increased PGs
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42. Mediate vasodilatation and exudation
at the site of inflammation
PGI2- regulation of local vascular tone
Maintaining patency of ductus
arteriosus
Prevent platelet aggregation (PGI2),
Promote aggregation – TX A2
52. Imbalance cause asthma
Involved in mediating fluid loss in
toxin induced diarrhea
Antiulcerogenic and natural ulcer
protective
Role in the Growth of polyp, cancer
of colon
Intrarenal regulators of renal blood
flow
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59. DP – affinity for PGD2
EP - affinity for PGE2
FP – affinity for PGF2alpha
IP – affinity for PGI2
TP – affinity for TXA2
All are G-protein coupled receptors
Some act through cAMP and others via IP3
60.
61.
62. RESTRICTED BECAUSE OF
Limited availability
Short lasting action
Cost
Side effects
66. EXOGENOUS PG F2 α
Intra amniotic injection
INDICATIONS
termination of pregnancy ( midterm),
Induction of labor
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. synthetic PGE2 analog
10 times more potent than dinoprost
PREPARATIONS-
Vaginal gel, vaginal tab, cervical gel,
i.v inj, Oral tablet
Uses: cervical ripening, induction of
labour
termination of pregnancy (midterm) –
dinoprostone 20 mg suppository +
gemeprost 1mg vaginal pessary
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85. 15methyl PGF2 alpha
Prolonged action
INDICATIONS :
1. to arrest Post Partum Hemorrhage –
alternative to ergometrine & oxytocin
2. midterm abortion
3. Cervical ripening
DOSAGE :
0.25 mg deep i.m
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91. PGE1
INDICATIONS
Medical termination of pregnancy
1st
tri - 1mg pessary
2nd
tri – 1mg pessary every 3 hours ( max -5)
To soften the cervix in 1st
trimester
92.
93.
94.
95. Synthetic PGE1
Indications :
Keep the patency of D.A in children with
Congenital Heart Disease
Prevent platelet aggregation
Peripheral vascular disease
Impotence
125. LTC4,LTD4,LTE4 SRS – A of anaphylaxis
Mediate inflammation
LTC4, LTD4 are the most important
mediators of allergic asthma
Abdominal colic in anaphylaxis
Contribute pain of inflammation
LT receptor antagonists – Montelukast,
Zafirlukast
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132. Synthesized by - platelets,WBC, kidney,
- vascular endothelial cells
ACTIONS : vasodilation, Chemotaxis
aggregation of WBC & degranulation
BP
Broncho constriction
Platelet aggregation
Vasular permeability
ulcerogenic
133. Pain and Inflammation
Bronchial asthma
Anaphylactic shock
Hemostasis and thrombosis
Implantation of embryos
Parturition