Biofuel

1. BIOFUELS
Submittid by: Lovepreet Singh
M.sc(biotechnology)2nd
Rollno .195912
Submitted to :Dr.Simmi goel
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2. outline
 Introduction of Biofuels
 Biofuel feedstock
 Classification of Biofuels
 Manufacturing Process of Biofuels
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuel
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3. INTODUCTION
 • Biofuel is the fuel which is produced from organic
products and wastes.
 • The common commercially used biofuels are
bioethanol, biodiesel and biomethane.
 Bioethanol is made from sugar, algae, wheat and sugar
beet
 Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil, algal lipids, animal
fats
 Biomethane can be produced from waste organic
material, sewage, agriculture waste and domestic wastes.
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4. HISTORY
 • In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from
vegetable oil.
 • In 1970s and 1980s environmental protection agency EPA situated
in America suggested that fuel should be free from sulphur dioxide,
carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
 • In 1998 EPA allowed the production of biofuel on commercial level
which was the alternative source of the petrol.
 • In 2010 the production of biofuels reaches up to 105 billion liters
worldwide.
 • In 2011, European countries were the largest that made biodiesel
almost about 53%. The international Energy Agency set a goal to
reduce the usage of petroleum and coal and will be switched on to
biofuels till 2050.
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5. Clasification of the biofuel
1st Generation biofuel
 Also called conventional biofuels. It includes sugar,
starch, or vegetable oil
2nd Generation biofuel
 known as advanced biofuels and can be manufactured
from different types of biomass. The biomass contains
lignocellulosic material like wood, straw and waste plastic
3rd Generation biofuel
 Extract from algae mostly marine algae
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6. Advantages of Biofuels
 Lower emissions Green gas
 Renewable
 Biodegradable
 Safer
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7. COMMON TYPES OF BIOFUELS
 Biogas
 Biobutanol
 Bioethanol
 Biodiesel
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8. Bioethanol
 Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of
carbohydrate rich source which includes sugar cane, sugar
beet, corn etc
 It is colorless and clear liquid
 One of the widely used alternative automotive fuel in the
world
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9. Bioethanol
 Milling ( sugarcane stem & separation of juice and bagasse)
 Fermentation (conversion of sugar into alcohol, production of ethanol)
 Distillation (separation of ethanol)
 Dehydration (azeotropic mixture)
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10. Bioethanol
 C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
 C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2
 Fermentation process requires 3 days to complete and is
carried out at a temperature of between 250°C and
300°C.
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11. Advantages of Bioethanol
 Ethanol is a renewable resource
 Ethanol burns more cleanly in air than petroleum
 Ethanol burns more cleanly in air than petroleum
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12. Disadvantages of Bioethanol
 Large amounts leading to problems such as soil erosion,
deforestation
 Typical current engines would require modification
 Expensive
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13. Biodiesel
 Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is made from renew
able biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal
fats.
 Similar to petroleum diesel fuel in structure (straight
chain) and number of carbon atoms (10 to 21)
 The Biodiesel can be prepared by Transesterification.
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15. Application of Biodiesel
• Railway usage
• Aircraft use
• As a heating oil
• Cleaning oil spills
• Biodiesel in generators
• Vehicles
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16. Advantages of Biodiesel
 Can be used pure biodiesel B100.
 Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay compared to standard
diesel
 Biodiesel has no sulfur content, and so it doesn't
contribute to acid rain formation
 Biodiesel has good lubricating properties better than
standard diesel
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17. Disadvantages of Biodiesel
 Biodiesel is significantly more expensive compared to
standard diesel
 Biodiesel can release nitrogen oxide which can lead to the
formation of smog.
 Pure biodiesel has significant problems with low
temperatures
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18. Comparison between Bioethanol & Biodiesel
Bioethanol Biodiesel
 Process Fermentation Transesterification
 Environmental Benefit Both reduce greenhouse gas emissions
 Compatibility Blended E85 % B100 %
 Costs Cheaper More expensive
 . Energy provides 93% more net energy per gallon produces only 25% more net
energy
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19. biobutanol
 The term biobutanol refers to butanol made from
renewable resources such as grain or cornstalks by
fermentation process
 Bacteria; known as, solventogenic Clostridia is used
 Butanol is more similar to gasoline than to ethanol
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20. Biobutanol Applications
 Gasoline (as an additive) and brake fluid (formulation
component)
 • Solvent –for paints, coatings, varnishes
 • Plasticizers –to improve how a plastic material processes
 • Coatings –as a solvent for a variety of applications,
 • Chemical intermediate or raw material –for other chemicals
and plastics,
 • Textiles –as a swelling agent from coated fabric
 • Cosmetics –makeup, nail care products, shaving products.
 • Butanol can be used in car
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22. Biogas
 A mixture of CH4 ,CO2 and other gases
Gas %
Methane 50–75
Carbon dioxide 25–50
Nitrogen 0–10
Hydrogen 0–1
Hydrogen sulfide 0–3
Oxygen 0–2
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23. Biogas
 Biogas is a fuel used as domestic purpose
 Obtained from cow manure, fruit and vegetable waste
 Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by
bacteria without oxygen anaerobic digestion
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24. Biogas
Two Types of Anaerobic Digestion
 Mesophilic process 25-38°C for 14-30 days
 Thermophilic process 50-60°C for 12-14 days
Produced from Anaerobic digestion in Anaerobic Digesters
(AD)
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26. Advantages Biogas
 Reduce air and water pollution
 more environmentally friendly fertilizers
 Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
 concerns about waste management in the agriculture and
food industry
 Energy security
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27. Application of Biogas
 Cooking
 • Lighting
 • Fuel for engine
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28. Advantages of Biofuels
 Renewable
 Reduce Greenhouse Gases
 Economic Security
 Easy to Source
 Lower level of Pollution
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29. Disadvantages of Biofuel
 High Cost of Production
 Industrial Pollution
 Future Rise in Price
 Shortage of Food
 Use of Fertilizer
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30. conclusion
 Reduce wastes
 Cleaner air
 New agricultural markets
 Improve balance of payments
 global warming reduction
 Benefit developing nations
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