Manual del PREFEMUN

1. MODELO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS DE LAS
PREPARATORIAS FEDERALES POR
COOPERACION
PREFEMUN 2012
SC
(SECURITY COUNCIL)
Topic B):
The consolidation of peace and foundation for
longer term-state building, conflict prevention
and economic development in South Sudan
"The lesswe have, the more we give.Seems impossible, butit
is not.That is thelogic of love¨
Mother Teresa of Calcutta

2. The commission for the consolidation of peace was created in
2006 as an intergovernmental advisory body to support the efforts for
peace in countries emerging from conflicts and serve as a key
complement to the ability to promote global peace international
community.
Together all relevant actors to marshal resources, such as
donors and international financial institutions, national governments
and the troop-contributing countries; channeling the resources to solve
a problem
Propose integrated strategies for peace building and post conflict
recovery and where appropriate, highlight any deficiencies that
threaten to undermine peace.
High commissioner for refugees (UNHCR) work directly in the phase of
post conflict recovery in the economic as social as well as some
humanitarian activities.
South Sudan is acknowledged to have some of the worst health
indicators in the world. The under-five infant mortality rate is 135.3 per
1,000, whilst maternal mortality is the highest in the world at 2,053.9
per 100,000 live births. In 2004, there were only three surgeons
serving southern Sudan, with three proper hospitals, and in some
areas there was just one doctor for every 500,000 people.
The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in the South Sudan is poorly
documented but the prevalence is thought to be around 3.1%.
At the time of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005,
humanitarian needs in Southern Sudan were massive. However,
humanitarian organizations under the leadership of the UN Office for
the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) managed to ensure

3. sufficient funding to bring relief to the local populations. Along with
recovery and development aid, humanitarian projects were included in
the 2007 Work Plan of the United Nations and partners. More than
90% of the population of South Sudan lives on less than $1 a day,
despite the GDP per capita of the entirety of Sudan being $1200
($3.29/day).
In 2007, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (under the leadership of Elaine Duthoit) decreased its
involvement in Southern Sudan, as humanitarian needs gradually
diminished, slowly but markedly turning over control to the recovery
and development activities of NGOs and community-based
organizations.
Famine reportedly led to deaths in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and War
rap states in mid-2011, though the state governments of both denied
hunger there was severe enough to cause fatalities.
In Pibor County in Jong lei State in December 2011 and January 2012,
cattle raids led to border clashes that eventually resulted in widespread
ethnic violence, with thousands of deaths and tens of thousands of
South Sudanese being displaced, and hundreds of Doctors without
Borders staff went missing. The government declared the area a
disaster zone and took control from local authorities
The conflict, which pitted the central government whit the movement
for the liberation of Sothern Sudan only, ended in 1972 whit the signing
of peace protocol in Addis Ababa that creation of an autonomous
government in Southern Sudan
So to developed the state of prevention, after the peace
agreement signed in 2005, was promulgated a provisional constitution
of the autonomous government of southern Sudan worked as the
supreme law of the territory, together whit the constitution
After that southern Sudan became one of the world´s poorest
countries.

4. After the referendum on the independence of South Sudan
carried out between September and January 15, 2011, the government
promulgated a transitional constitution autonomous, effective as of July
9, 2011, when independence was officially declared
In human rights, whit respect to membership in the seven
agencies of the international bill of humans rights, including the human
rights committee (HRC), southern Sudan has signed and ratified
While the United States lifted all economic and political sanctions
against South Sudan as of July 2011, the sanctions imposed against
neighboring Sudan, especially those relating to oil and financial sector
transactions, are likely to continue to impact the new nation. A 2011
Congressional Research Service report, “The Republic of South
Sudan: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa’s Newest Country",
identifies outstanding political and humanitarian issues as the country
forges its future
The oilfields in the South have kept the region's economy alive since
1999. However, after South Sudan became an independent nation in
July 2011, southern and northern negotiators were not immediately
able to reach an agreement on how to split the revenue from these
southern oilfields. It is estimated that around 80% of the untapped oil
deposits in Sudan are in South Sudan. The oil revenues, according to
the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), were split equally for the
duration of the agreement period.Since South Sudan relies on
pipelines, refineries, and Port Sudan's facilities in Red Sea state in
Sudan, the agreement stated that the government of Sudan in
Khartoum would receive a 50% share of all oil revenues.
This arrangement was maintained during the second period of
autonomy from 2005 to 2011. A similar arrangement is likely to
continue during the independence era of South Sudan, with northern
negotiators reportedly pressing for a deal maintaining the 50–50 split of
oil revenues and the South Sudanese holding out for more favorable
terms. Oil revenues constitute more than 98% of the government of
South Sudan's budget according to the southern government's Ministry

5. of Finance and Economic Planning and this has amounted to more
than $8 billion in revenue since the signing of the peace agreement.
South Sudan's economy is under pressure to diversify away from oil as
oil reserves will likely halve by 2020 if no new finds are made,
according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
However, President Kiir had "suspected figures were being deflated in
some regions and inflated in others, and that made the final tally
'unacceptable'." He also claimed the Southern Sudanese population to
really be one-third of Sudan, while the census showed it to be only
22%.
Many Southern Sudanese were also said to not have been counted
"due to bad weather, poor communication and transport networks, and
some areas were unreachable, while many Southern Sudanese
remained in exile in neighboring countries, leading to 'unacceptable
results', according [to] southern Sudanese authorities." The chief
American technical adviser for the census in the South said the
census-takers probably reached 89% of the population.
In May 2011, the SPLA allegedly set fire to over 7,000 homes in Unity
State. The UN reports many of these violations and the frustrated
director of one Juba-based international aid agency calls them "human
rights abuses off the Richter scale". In 2010, the CIA issued a warning
that "over the next five years...a new mass killing or genocide is most
likely to occur in southern Sudan.
The Near White Army has stated it wished to "wipe out the entire Murle
tribe on the face of the earth as the only solution to guarantee long-
term security of Nuer’s cattle" and activists, including Minority Rights
Group International, warn of genocide in the current Jonglei conflict.

6. Questions:
1. What position doesyourdelegationon this issue?
2. -What measureshas yourdelegationon thisissue?
3. -Does yourdelegationdo somethingto counterthe problem?
4. - Whatactionswould proposeyourdelegationtothis?
Bibliography:
http://www.un.org/es/sg/
www.securitycouncilreport.org
www.cinup.org/.../1376-security-council-press-statement-
http://www.debatepress.com/?p=verNoticia&idNoticia=14380&id
Categoria=1