A Detail Description Of Building Materials

1. SEMINAR
ON
BUILDING
MATERIALS
Submitted by :
PRAKASH KUMAR
REGD.NO: 1201298038
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY,BBSR

2. INTRODUCTION
The engineering structures are composed of materials which
are known as building materials.The service condition of
buildings demand a wide range of materials & various
properties such as water resistance ,strength ,durability
,temperature resistance ,Appearance ,permeability etc.
 Cement materials : Lime ,Cement ,Mortar
 Protective materials : Paints , Varnishes ,Plaster
 Solid materials : Stones ,Bricks ,Iron ,Timber

3. STONES
The building stones are obtained from the rocks
which are classified in three ways :
 Geological classification : Igneous Sedimentary &
Metamorphic rocks
 Physical classification : Stratified ,Unstratified
& Foliated rocks
 Chemical classification : Silicious ,Argillaceous &
calcareous rocks

4. USES OF STONES
 The stones are used for foundations, walls,
columns, lintels, roofs, floors etc.
 The stones are adopted to give massive
appearance to the structure.
 These are used to cover floor of buildings such as
residential, commercial, industrial etc. Also used
as ballast for railways.

5. QUALITIES OF A BUILDING STONE
 Crushing strength : It should be greater than 100N/mm2.
 Appearance : The stones to be used for face work should
be decent in appearance & they should be capable of
preserving their colour uniformly.
 Durability, Facility of dressing, Hardness, Texture,
weathering.
BUILDING STONES OF INDIA :
Chalk, Kankar, Limestone, Sandstone, Laterite, Marble,
Slate, Quartzite etc.

6. BRICKS
The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular blocks
of uniform size & then by drying & burning these blocks. Brick
is extensively used at present as a leading material of
construction because of its durability, strength, low cost, easy
availability, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS :
 First class bricks : Are table moulded & are used for
structures like building, dams, roads, tunnels, etc.
 Second class bricks : Are ground moulded
 Third class brick : Are used at places where rainfall isn’t
heavy.

7. SHAPES OF BRICKS

8. QUALITIES OF BRICKS
 The bricks should be table mounded, well burnt, free from
cracks & with sharp & square edges.The colour should be
uniform & bright.
 It should give a clear metallic ringing sound when struck with
each other.
 No impression should be left on brick when scratched with
finger nail.
 Bricks shouldn’t break into pieces when dropped flat on
ground from a height of about one metre.

9. CEMENT
The cement is obtained by burning at a very high temperature a
mixture of calcareous & argillaceous materials.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT :
 Provides strength to masonry
 Excellent binding material
 Stiffens early
 Offers good resistance to the moisture

10. USES OF CEMENT
 Cement mortar for masonry work, plaster
 In construction of bridges, dams, tunnels, light houses docks
 Making joints for drains, pipes
 Preparation of foundations, footpaths
VARIETIES OF CEMENT :
 High alumina cement, Pozzolana cement
 Quick setting cement, coloured cement
 Rapid hardening & extra rapid hardening cement

11. MORTAR
It is a paste prepared by adding water to a mixture of binding
material & fine aggregate like cement & sand
SOURCES OF SAND :
 River sand & Sea sand
CLASSIFICATION OF MORTARS :
 Kind of binding material : Lime & Cement mortar
 Nature of application : Bricklaying & Finishing mortar

12. PROPERTIES OF MORTAR
 It should be cheap, durable & easily workable
 It should be capable of developing good adhesion with the
building units such as bricks, stones etc
USES OF MORTAR :
 To bind the building units
 To form joints of pipes
 To improve the general appearance of the structure
 To form a soft bedding layer for the building units

13. PAINTS
Paints are coatings of fluid materials & they are applied over the
surface of timber & metals
OBJECTIVE OF PAINTING :
 Protects the surface from weathering effects of atmosphere &
actions by other liquids, fumes & gases
 Prevents decay of woods & corrosion in metal
 Provides a smooth surface for easy cleaning

14. TYPES OF PAINTS
 Aluminium paint : Visible in darkness, Resists heat to a
certain degree
 Anticorrosive paint : Is cheap, lasts for long duration
 Emulsion paint : Easy to apply, Dries quickly in about 2 hrs
 Luminous paint : Shines like radium dials of watches, Is
applied on the surfaces which is free from corrosion

15. DISTEMPERS
 They are cheaper than paints & present a neat appearance
 Are light in colour
 Provides good reflective coating
 They can be applied on brickwork, cement plastered surface
 They prove to be unsatisfactory in damp locations such as
kitchen, bathroom etc
A distemper is composed of base, carrier, colouring
pigments.For base chalk is used & for carrier water is used.

16. REFERENCES
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 Engineering materials by Rangwala