Flouroscopy presentation. by: M.Ovais.Ur.Rehman

2. Dedicated to:
From:

3. Fluoroscopy
• Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging
that shows a real time X-ray image on a
monitor, much like an X-ray movie.
• During a fluoroscopy procedure, an X-ray
beam is passed through the body.

4. Image intensifier:
• The image-intensifier tube is a complex electronic device that
receives the image-forming x-ray beam and converts it into a
visible-light image of high intensity.
• Within an image intensifier, the input phosphor converts the
x-ray photons to light photons, which are then converted to
photoelectrons within the photocathode

5. Image intensifier
• Through this process, several thousand light photons are produced for each
x-ray photon reaching the input phosphor.
• Most modern image intensifiers use cesium iodide for the input phosphor
because it has a high absorption efficiency and thus decreases patient dose.

6. IMAGE INTENSIFICAITON
=
photons are amplified + multiplied

7. Image-intensifier tube
• The image-intensifier tube is approximately 50 cm long. A
• potential difference of about 25,000 V is maintained across the tube between
photocathode and anode so that electrons produced by photoemission will be
accelerated to the anode

8. Photocathode
• The photocathode emits electrons when illuminated by the input
phosphor.
ANODE:
• The anode is a circular plate with a hole in the middle through which
electrons pass to the output phosphor, which is just the other side of
the anode .

9. Advantage of Image intensifier
• The principal advantage of image-intensified fluoroscopy over earlier types of
fluoroscopy is increased image brightness. this requires high levels of image
brightness.
• The image intensifier was developed principally to replace the conventional
fluorescent screen, which had to be viewed in a darkened room.

11. FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-IMAGE
INTENSIFIED SYSTEM
1. X-RAY TUBE
2. PATIENT
3. IMAGE INTENSIFIER
4. OUTPUT PHOSPHOR
5. CAMERA
6. MONITOR

12. IMAGE
The solid state charge-
coupled device (CCD).
• Two methods are used to electronically convert the
visible image on the output phosphor of the image
intensifier into an electronic signal:
Thermionic television
camera tube

13. Applications
Fluoroscopy is used in many types of examinations and procedures such as
• cardiac catheterization
• Arthrography (visualization of a joint or joints)
• lumbar puncture,
• placement of intravenous (IV) catheters (hollow tubes inserted into veins or
arteries)

14. Thank you