Bandung city faces a waste crisis after the closure of its main landfill in Leuwigajah. Temporary measures have been taken to dispose of waste in other locations, but these are not sustainable solutions. The city government is exploring options for a long-term waste management plan, including establishing a waste processing plant. However, securing a suitable permanent site and implementing an effective waste management system remain outstanding issues that need to be addressed to solve Bandung's waste problems.

2. Information Media for Water Supply and Editorial 1
Environmental Sanitation
Readers' Voice 2
Published by: Headlines
Working Group for Water Supply and Sanitation
Anticipation of Bandung waste 3
Advisor:
Director General for Urban and
Onsite Waste Reduction 7
Rural Development, Department of Public Works Options of Bandung Waste Management Concept 8
Board of Trustee: Mayor of Bandung City: Nothing More to do with Traditional Way 9
Director of Human Settlement and Housing, Lesson Learned from Bandung Waste Emergency Situation 12
National Development Planning Agency Republic
of Indonesia Interview
Director of Water and Sanitation,
Director of Water Resources and Irrigation, Bappenas
Ministry of Health
Director of Water Supply Development, Java needs New Storages 15
Department of Public Works
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate Innovation
Technology, Director General on Village and Multitasks Water Filter 19
Community Empowerment,
Department of Home Affairs Regulation
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning Government Regulation No. 16 of 2005 On Drinking Water
Environment Management,
Department of Home Affairs Supply System Development 21
Telescope
Chief Editor:
Oswar Mungkasa District Water Corporation, Blend of Commitment and Management 22
Board of Editor: District Head of Sragen, H. Untung Wiyono:
Supriyanto, Johan Susmono, District Water Corporation Should Be Professional 24
Indar Parawansa, Poedjastanto
IATPI Clinic 25
Editor: Story
Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana,
Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Essy Asiah, Latrine Heroines 27
Mujiyanto, Andre Kuncoroyekti, Reski D.
Abstract 29
Design/Illustrator: Insight
Rudi Kosasih
The Meaning of AMPL Institution For Sustainable Facility 30
Production: Waterworks Technological Civilization By Time 33
Machrudin
Development and Empowerment 37
Distribution:
Around AMPL 41
Agus Syuhada
Around WASPOLA 47
Address:
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat Book Info 48
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113 CD Info 49
http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com Sites Info 50
redaksi@ampl.or.id Agenda 51
oswar@bappenas.go.id
Unsolicited article or opinion items
are welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and
accompanied by identity.
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id
This magazine can be accessed at Water
Supply and Environmental Sanitation Website This “Percik” English edition is originally translated from “Percik” Indonesian edition
at www.apml.or.id

3. E D I TO R I A L
S
enselessly, we have national government sho-
been three years uld take action. So, this is
with you, precisely the lesson for other cities in
since August 2003 ago. At Indonesia to prevent recur-
the time, Percik was only rence. Unfortunately, when
24 black & white pages, few we're making this paper,
column, simple layout, and again waste tragedy took
limited distribution. Percik place in Bantar Gebang,
was at the time printed 500 Bekasi.
exemplars. You in the local In innovation column,
level possibly do not know we present a surprising
what Percik 1st edition water filter technology fo-
looks like. und discovered by a grand-
Now, Percik has pub- father in Bandung. This
lished 14 editions. Numbers water filter can handle and
of rearrangements are car- purify many types of water.
ried out including column It is possible that this tech-
addition, page coloring, and nology can be developed as
layout improvement. Per- solution to water problems
cik has been distributed in in Indonesia. In telescope
all districts/cities nation- column, we present a new
wide including NGOs, univer- breakthrough in water sup-
sities and embassies and some ply management. The bre-
community. It seems that akthrough is made by Local
Percik gets its own position among water as there is a conflict of interests. Government of Sragen District, which
and sanitation (AMPL) stakeholders. Moreover, everyone knows that large always makes breakthroughs in go-
Percik goals to be AMPL stakeholders' fund is prepared for solution of the vernmental administration.
information and communication media issues. Usually 'people will come to a In story column, we present privy
have come true. pleasant place'. heroines from some regions. They ha-
Nevertheless, we haven't satisfied Lesson we learnt from this Ban- ve successfully established and imple-
yet and we will always make improve- dung waste case is we don't give any mented free open defecation program
ment. In the next edition we will serious concern about cleanliness, and as model by community empo-
release Percik Junior (Percik for especially relating with waste. We just werment and stakeholders for the
children), which will contain informa- focus on other aspects. In fact, clean- successful development even though
tion on water and sanitation especial- liness brings significant impact to they are not paid for that.
ly for children so that they concern health and beauty. Ignorance of sani- Another interesting topic is that we
and care about water and sanitation tary landfill, for example, has proven are allowed to interview Director of
as well. Curious about Percik Juni- to claim individual loss. Indisposed Water Resources and Irrigation
or? Just wait the the next edition. waste has proven to disturb people Bappenas concerning drought that is ta-
In this anniversary edition, we and affect city beauty. Waste manage- king place in some regions in Indonesia.
present topic about Bandung waste ment is not easy; it needs cooperation In fact, water management is the cause
issues. In our opinion, this is an inter- and coordination among regions. of the problems in addition to natural
esting topic. Until today, waste issues Bandung waste tragedy shows that and environmental conditions. Finally,
in the city have not finished. The city government cannot address the we wish you success in taking benefit
available solution is only temporary issues itself and even provincial and from Percik of this edition.
Percik August 2006 1

4. R E A D E R S ' VO I C E
CARICATURE BY RUDI KOSASIH
Hadits CLTS
CLTS training was held on 16-20
May 2006 involving three districts in
Lombok Island (Lotim, Loteng and
Lobar Districts). Each district
involves three villages for field tryout.
Especially for Lombok Timur
District, CLTS training was held on
16-18 May 2006 in Hotel Meliwis, Jl.
Labuhan Haji - Lombok Timur.
During RTL in the classroom (last day
of 18 May 2006) participants from
three tryout villages were present,
namely from Sikur, Kerongkong and There is an interesting thing from water machines from morning
Teros villages. one of the women participants from till late at night (currently almost
Participants were shaken up with Teros village, namely Mrs. Murni 24 hours operation)
one of participants from Sikur village, (Posyandu cadre and community 2. Stink coming from one or both of
namely Ustadz Mohamad Saleh health coordinator/TKM Health pro- the places
(Head of Segire/ Binong Hamlet) motion of Taros village). She told that For the reason, we hope that Pokja
which presented hadits narrated by she was triggered to make the closet AMPL can inspect operation feasibili-
Muslim and Abu Daud in relation to by herself without having to wait her ty of the rubber factory and hog farm,
CLTS, namely God will curse the husband's help as she holds principles either from aspect of tolerated noise
human being who defecate on the that motivation should begin from her and odor or environmental impact
road or others' shelter. own self and to be model for another. analysis. We are concern that this will
Meaning of the abovementioned affect people's health especially our
hadits is: family in the short or long term.
1. "Watch out of two things that will Sugito, People have previously claimed
bring God's curse", Prophet Lombok Timur this problem to the local authority
Mohammad's friends asked: (RT/RW) but there is no follow up
"What are the two things that will Noise and Stink until today. We do hope that Pokja
bring curse, Oh God's Prophet? AMPL will give attention and find out
The prophet said: "They are who I, representing people of Dago Tol solution.
defecates on the road or others' Vila, Serua Village, Ciputat Sub-dis-
shelter" trict of Tangerang District, Banten, A. Cholid, SIP
(HR. Muslim and Abu Daud) inform you that a rubber factory and (021) 74701362
2. "Anyone who defecates should be hog farm are built in our residence,
in the closed rather than open precisely in front of our houses block Thank you for your attention. We
place which only bordered by river flow sep- will forward your letter to the relevant
(HR. Abu Daud) arating Ciputat and Serpong. authority in your residence, namely
3. "Do not harm yourself and other" Presence of the places causes prob- Bapedalda of Tangerang District. We
(HR Ibnu Majah and Ad-Da- lems, namely: hope this problem will be addressed
1.
ruqutni)
1. Noise generated from rubber and immediately. (Editorial)
2 Percik August 2006

5. HEADLINES
Because of waste, Bandung becomes the dirtiest city in
Indonesia. Some actions have been taken for solution.
Is it sustainable? What measures are taken for solution
in the future?
I
f Leuwigajah tragedy never existed on 21 Fe- closing of Leuwigajah landfill, wastes are disposed of
bruary 2005, we might not give focus on waste temporarily in TPA Jelekong, Cicabe and Pasir Im-
issue. The incident has awaken us to focus on pun as emergency landfills. This must be inevitable
waste issue more seriously. In fact, we don't have su- because in such a condition, Bandung city should be
fficient facilities, either physical or nonphysical (re- host of 50th Anniversary of Asia-Africa Conference.
gulations), to solve the problem in local or national Resumption of these existing landfills is not easy.
level. People around the landfill areas reject reopening of
The most horrible tragedy in Indonesia took place these landfills; additionally their capacity is limited.
and claimed 146 individual losses. Besides, the tra- TPA Jelekong on 10 ha area which was reopened
gedy left new problem, especially for Bandung city on March 2005 was closed on 31 December 2005. As
and surrounding area. Closing of Leuwigajah landfill substitute, waste was disposed of to TPA Cicabe on 9
caused the city cannot dispose of their waste any- January 2006. Some other was disposed of to TPA
more. Pasir Impun, which has been closed since 1990, in or-
Waste in Bandung city is left in amid the city. Pa- der to commemorate 50th Anniversary of Asia-Africa
ris van Java has changed into waste city. Stink and fli- Conference. Finally both landfills cannot accommo-
es spread everywhere. Waste stacks disrupt the traf- date Bandung waste and since 15 April 2006 there is
fic. Unsurprisingly, Ministry of Environment gave no more landfill.
Bandung a predicate as the dirtiest city in Indonesia Indeed, Government of Bandung City has also at-
during commemoration of World Environment Day, tempted to reduce onsite waste dump such as issu-
the embarrassing predicate. ance of Circular Letter of Bandung Mayor No. 658.1/-
SE 055-BPOD dated 28 April 2005 regarding proac-
Emergency Response Plan tive measures of Bandung waste management
Based on prediction, each people of Bandung and through 3R program and circular letter of Bandung
surrounding area produces 7,500 m3 waste. Since Mayor No. 658.1/SE.135-PD.KBR dated 27 Decem-
Percik August 2006 3

6. HEADLINES
ber 2005 regarding optimization of Sub-district of Bandung District standing homework is how to manage
Circular Letter of Bandung Mayor No. (owned by TNI AD) on 1.5ha area; city waste in the long-term period. Or
658.1/SE 055-BPOD. Various peo- Blok Cigedik, Sarimukti Village, Cipa- otherwise, this can be time bomb for
ple's activities have been conducted tat Sub-district of Bandung District the people at anytime.
(see: People's waste management ac- (owned by Perum Perhutani) on 21.2 The city government itself is about
tivity in Bandung). This activity can ha area; and Blok Gunung Hejo, Cian- to establish waste management plant
only reduce 10% of total waste dump. ting Village, Sukatani Sub-district of after Mayor visit to Shanghai of China
In line with that, Government of Bandung District (owned by PTP and Singapore to view closer waste
Bandung City is attempting to find out VIII). The latest blok is not applicable management in both cities. It shows
empty land owned by government, yet. Blok Cikubang was used from 26 that waste management plant is esta-
people and corporation to be used as May to 11 June 2006, while Blok Cige- blished amid the city to produce ener-
waste dump area. The locations found dik was used on 28 May 2006 until to- gy with the process not leaving any
include Regol (200m2), Cibenying day. waste. "Bandung city will refer to this
Kaler (50m2), Kiaracondong During 15 April 2006-26 May approach," said H. Dada Rosada re-
(400m2), Bandung Kidul (50m2), Su- 2006, the waste dump was increasing cently.
mur Bandung (60m2), Bandung Ku- with the volume about 400 thousand To meet the demand, City Go-
lon (264 m2) and Arcamanik m3. This waste has been relocated to vernment has attempted new
(1,800m2). The locations are full by Blok Cigedig, Sarimukti by maxi- land as plant area, which is si-
waste dump. mizing the existing fleet about 140 tuated downtown, in East Ban-
This condition makes Government dump trucks from Bandung Cleaning dung area on an area of 20 ha di-
of Bandung City to seek alternatives Agency, rented truck and assistance vided into 5 ha for plant, 5 ha for re-
but this is not easy. There are 31 loca- from army. For temporarily, waste serve area and 10 ha for revegetati-
tions expected for new or emergency problem can be addressed. on. According to Mayor, the location
landfills. From such number, three doesn't bring any problem as it is
become nominees, namely Blok Cime- City Government's Long Term owned by only one person who
rang, Citatah village of Bandung Dis- Planning doesn't mind of the plan.
trict; Blok Legonk Nangka, Nagrek Bandung is clean now. Predicate of Proposal of Bandung city govern-
Sub-district of Bandung District; and the dirtiest city can be omitted. But it ment is based on waste management
Sumur Bandung village, Cipatat Sub- doesn't mean that waste problem in strategy, namely (i) change in viewpo-
district of Bandung District. Never- the city has been finished. The out- int and perception of (waste producer
theless, they are hampered by permit SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
and people around the locations reject
the scheme.
Government of West Java Provin-
ce takes action. Moreover, central go-
vernment gives serious attention to
condition of Bandung city. Provincial
Government, together with Muspida,
Government of Bandung City, Go-
vernment of Bandung District, Go-
vernment of Cimahi City, Perum Per-
hutani unit III West Java, Kodam III
Siliwangi and PTP VIII through a se-
ries of discussions, have agreed three
locations for temporary landfill, na-
mely Blok Cikubang, Sumur
Emergency Landfill: TPA Sarimukti.
Bandung Village, Cipatat
4 Percik August 2006

7. HEADLINES
and management) on waste, from dis-
posable or destroyed thing to sustain- WASTE PHYSICAL CONDITION IN BANDUNG CITY PER DAY
able resources, (ii) maintaining ser-
vice sustainability as management NO. COMPONENT WEIGHT AND VOLUME
system will minimize likeliness of co- Weight (ton) % Weight Vol (m3) %Vol
ngestion or saturation of operational 1. Organic Waste 1.11 59,5 3.592,5 47,9
link, i.e. disposal system. Congestion
2. Paper 223 11,9 2.235 29,8
or saturation of disposal link will stop
other service links such as waste col- 3. Textile 10 0,5 112,5 1,5
lection and transportation and this 4. Plastic 236 12,6 697,5 9,3
will cause waste dump in the dump 5. Fragile 26 1,4 60 0,8
area and other places.
6. Metal 28 1,5 292,5 3,9
While going to realize the goal, city
7. Others 236 12,8 525 7,0
government in cooperation with Ban-
dung Institute of Technology (ITB) Total 1.875 100,0 7.500 100.0
Source: Pemkot Bandung
will develop small scale waste mana-
gement plant. Everyday this plant will cient for plant operation), plant ma- The committee is responsible for
process 24 ton waste and produce 500 nagement will be handled jointly by formulating strategic measures
kWh energy. private company and city government in the effort of waste reduction
This energy is considered too with subsidy mechanism. in Bandung Metropolitan as well
small and inefficient. This plant will According to Bandung Mayor, this as establishing cooperation and
in turn produce 25-30 megawatt ener- plan will not affect the Greater Ban- coordination.
gy and obtain 1,500 ton waste intake dung Waste Management Corpora- Through a series of meetings, the
per day. This plant will also produce tion (GBWMC). He considered that ad hoc committee establishes the fol-
steam and ash for concrete brick. And Bandung waste is abundant. "We will lowing strategic principles:
keep implementing the program," 1. Waste reduction through 3R
the electric power will be sold to the
people. said Dada. (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in
This plan seems to be realized. Ci- order to minimize collection,
ty government has associated with PT. Ad Hoc Committee's Policy transportation and disposal
Waste management in Bandung 2. Polluter pays principle, namely
Bandung Raya Indah Lestari (BRIL)
and Daarut Tauhid, ITB and PLN. city cannot be imposed only on city any polluter is liable pay waste
City government will serve as waste government. Many stakeholders in- management
volve in this issue, including regional 3. Landfill is still necessary for city
producer, PT. BRIL and Daruut Tau-
hid as waste management and PLN as government around the capital of waste management
West Java Province. So the manage- 4. Regional cooperation to find
electric power buyer and seller, while
ITB provides the waste technology. If ment should be inevitably integrated landfill location and joint waste
there is no obstacle, the plant will be with all stakeholders either for short- management
term (until end 2007), mid-term (2-3 5. Further development plan,
established next year.
In management aspect, city go- years) and long-term period (10 namely waste use for other inter-
vernment prepares concept. Firstly, years). Accordingly, central govern- ests and effective reduction, such
calculation of business operability in ment established ad hoc committee as implementation of Waste
accordance with market mechanism on 23 June 2006. The committee con- to Energy.
(business feasibility), with plant ma- sists of local team (Bandung city go- For short-term plan, onsite was-
nagement referred to private compa- vernment, district government, Cima- te management will be conducted
ny. Secondly, if the plant cannot ope- hi, and ITB) and central team through household-scale sor-
rate as per market mechanism (Bappenas, Ministry of Public Work, ting, 3R, and composting. There-
(proceeds of sale is insuffi- Ministry of Environment and BPPT). fore, socialization, training and
Percik August 2006 5

8. HEADLINES
establishment of KSM (Kelompok Mid-term plan, onsite level, in- ding of waste management, full cost
Swadaya Masyarakat/Self-support cludes replication of sorting program, recovery achievement and pilot project
Community Group), household com- 3R, household composting and pu- of regional composting. In final disposal
posting and law enforcement will be nishment. In temporary disposal site site (TPA) level, implementation of RSL
carried out. In temporary disposal site (TPS), increase in transport coverage, and SL technology for TPA Leuwigajah,
(TPS), increase in waste coverage will replication of regional composting construction of Integrated Waste Mana-
be implemented by enhancing trans- program and study and construction gement (capacity 100m3/day on an area
portation fleet, TPS inventory and re- of landfill. In final disposal site level, 1,500 ha with investment Rp. 2.3 bil-
vitalization, GIS (Geographic Infor- feasibility study, environmental im- lion); Waste to Energy - Pilot Project
mation System) based route regulati- pact analysis and DED of TPA Ci- Waste to Energy (100 ton/day), supervi-
on and schedule, regional composting tiis/Legok Nangka; socialization of sion of Pilot Project Waste to Energy and
program, and study and construction Reusable Sanitary Landfill (RSL) and evaluation.
of TPS. While in final disposal site, Sanitary Landfill (SL) technology in Waste management by ad hoc co-
TPA Sarimukti will be revitalized TPA Leuwigajah; feasibility study of mmittee seems result of compilation and
(landfill 21.2 ha) through Detailed Regional Sanitary Landfill; interregio- compromised ide-as of stakeholders.
Engineering Design (DED) and deve- nal cooperation; cooperation with (see: Options of Waste Management
lopment of composting plant together private company; DED of integrated Concept in Bandung City). Theore-
with operation and maintenance in waste management, pilot project was- tically, the policy is promising. But,
addition to positioning of Integrated te to (i) energy, (ii) organic fertilizer is it applicable? The question is
Waste Management Plant, land acqui- and Pilot Project Landfill Gas to Ener- necessary since implementation
sition, environmental impact analysis, gy (LFGTE). involving many relevant parties is
DED, TPA Citiis/Legok Nangka; iden- Meanwhile, long-term plan includes usually inapplicable as expected. Ho-
tification of action plan as per onsite waste management, similar to pingly it is just an apprehension. Now
GBWMC result and settlement of previous plan. In temporary disposal site we just wait which action will anticipate
legal status of TPA Leuwigajah. (TPS) level, efficiency and capacity buil- Bandung waste. Mujiyanto.
GBWMC P R O G R A M AT GLANCE
G
reater Bandung Waste Management Corporation (GBWMC) is a WASTE MANAGEMENT PHASE
corporation established for waste management in Bandung City WASTE MAN- Phase - 1 Phase - 2 Phase - 3
(and surrounding area). This establishment is based on MoU of AGEMENT
Bandung Waste Management dated 7 March 2005, Decision of Area 1 TPA 100 ha PHASE 100 ha 100 ha
Governor of West Java Province regarding Establishment of
Formulation Team of Bandung Waste Management and Joint Decision Life Period 20-25 years > 25 years >>> 25 years
regarding Establishment of Collective Waste Management in Bandung
City dated 27 December 2005. Local government involving in this Waste TPA TPA TPA Storage
GBWMC includes Bandung City, Cimahi City, Bandung District, Garut Management Sanitary
District, and Sumedang District. Two other districts, Purwakarta and
Cianjur, have not given any confirmation. Model Landfill Recovery Storage Waste to Energy
The GBWMC implementation strategy adopts 3 principles namely:
1. Technical
Products ---- - gas, compost - electric, chemical
a. Onsite waste prevention: residential area, farm, stores, inclu- Revenue Rp. 0 Rp. XXX Rp. YYY
ding offices and schools (regulations and enforcement)
b. Sanitary landfill is still necessary
2. Institution and human resources
a. Waste is public management Implementation of GBWMC (Sanitary landfill and onsite waste re-
b. Capacity building of public services or outsourcing duction) requires capital cost Rp. 385 billion. There are four financing
3. Culture and spirit scenarios, (i) central-province-district/city sharing, (ii) province-dis-
a. Physical waste is resulted from nonphysical waste trict/city sharing, (iii) province-district/city-investor sharing, (iv)
b. Approach: culture/model and spirit (campaign/socialization) World Bank loan by involving private company as operator.
There will be two sanitary landfills in Bandung City, namely one GBWMC plans to establish collective waste management not later
for east region and other for west region. Based on survey, there are than 27 December 2006. Governor of West Java Province is expected
two selected locations, namely Citiis (100 ha) and Legok Selong to having issued decision on the designation of sanitary landfill loca-
(70ha), while phases of waste management are described as follows: tion. MJ
6 Percik August 2006

9. HEADLINES
Onsite Waste Reduction
I
n addition to seeking alternative landfill, Bandung composting in Ex TPA Pasir Impun and recycling of PET
Cleaning Agency has established cooperation with and PE (plastic bottles and glasses of mineralized water)
stakeholders for waste reduction onsite or in tempo- and plastic recycle to dustbin.
rary disposal site (TPS). The standing partnership will be The activities include:
Composting by Bitari Foundation in Ex TPA Pasir Impun Self-support activities
Area = 2,000 m2 PT PINDAD
Waste volume = ± 20m3/day Area = 600 m2
Compost production = 660kg/day Waste volume = 9 - 10 m3/day
Compost production = 500 - 1000 Kg/Day
Type of waste: 90% leaves, 10% office refuse
(paper + food remnant). Inorganic residues
are incinerated.
Plastic recycle by CV. Fajat in ex TPA Pasir Impun and
Jl. Holis
Area = 2,000 m2
RW 1 1 C i b a n g k o n g
Volume of plastic waste = ± 0,5 - 1 ton/day
Area = ± 400 m2
Production = chips and containers
(including land for revegetation pilot project)
Waste volume ± 400 m2
Compost production = 1 - 1,5 ton/Day
Inorganic residues are sorted and sold.
J h o n Pi e t e r s
Location: RW 06 and Jl. Cipamokolan No. 77 Cipamo-
kolan Village, Rancasari
Area = ± 2.500 m2
Plastic waste volume = ± 6 ton/day
Besides, other activities are implemented through
Metals waste volume = ± 8 ton/day
WJEMP-CEF program, from which the work having
Product: plastic pellet
been carried out is composting in 5 RW of
Gegerkalong village, Sukasari Sub-district
Composting with Green Phoskko RW 04 Cipadung vil-
Area = ± 300 m2
lage, Cibiru Sub-district
Waste volume = ± 2-3 ton/day
Compost production = ± 1 - 1,5 ton/day Area = ± 100 m2
Inorganic residues are sorted and sold Waste volume ± 2 m3/day
Compost production = ± 0.35 m3/day
Inorganic residues are sorted and sold
Leachate is used for making liquid fertilizer
Composting with Green Phoskko RW 14 Palasari vil-
lage, Cibiru Sub-district
Area = ± 100 m2
Waste volume = ± 1,2 m3/day
Compost production = ± 0,2 m3/day
Inorganic residues are sorted and sold
Inorganic residues are incinerated,
ash is used for bricking.
Percik August 2006 7

10. HEADLINES
OPTIONS OF BANDUNG WASTE
MANAGEMENT CONCEPT
I
n fact, Bandung waste has been ITB 22.66% (total transported waste
anticipated even just temporari- Integrated waste management, na- 3,200 m3/day). Implementation of
ly. This tragedy calls stakehol- mely: 3R concept for long term period may
ders for brainstorming in solving the Household composter achieve 30-60% of total dump.
problems. There are at least three Composting in RT/RW level Capital cost required during 2006
institutions contributing their con- about 10 RT : 3 waste cart with will be Rp. 2 billion.
cepts in addition to Bandung city go- volume 4.5-5m3/day
vernment itself. The concepts are sug- Integrated waste management, BPPT
gested by Technological Studies and capacity 100m3/day; requiring Scenario 1
Implementation Board (BPPT), Ban- 1,500 m2 area; main hangar, Rehabilitation TPA Leuwi-
dung Institute of Technology (ITB) composting hangar, greenhouse, gajah (if applicable) into
and Ministry of Environment. The fol- conveyor belt, organic waste qu- reusable sanitary landfill
lowing are concepts of each institu- antifying machine, composting and 3R-based integrated
tion: aeration system, gasification and waste management. Mana-
biogas reactor, compost filter, in- gement cost per ton waste is
BANDUNG CITY GOVERNMENT cinerator, brick casting machine, Rp. 79,074
Short-term before application of weighing scale, etc. Operating Scenario 2
waste management technology cost at minimum capacity Implementation of reusable sani-
Community participation through (20m3) is Rp. 27,000/m3 and at tary landfill (if TPA Leuwigajah is
3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) maximum capacity (100 m3) is inapplicable and new adequate
Composting, small scale incine- Rp. 5,400/m3. landfill area is found) and 3R-
ration based integrated waste manage-
Local dump MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT ment. Two RSL locations are
Advanced waste management Implementation of 3R concept by required with capacity 13,000
Development of waste manage- maximizing 6 potential dump area m3/dasy and 7,000 m3/day.
ment plant to produce energy, during 2006. This method is expect- Management cost will be Rp.
organic fertilizer or other products; ed to reduce 725 m3 waste or about 87,079 per ton waste
plant capacity 1,500 Scenario 3
ton/- day; 24 hours FOTO:MUJIYANTO
Implementation of waste to ener-
operation; energy gy through incinerator, small
output 30 M watt scale RSL and 3R-based in-
Management is de- tegrated management (if TPA
signated to private Leuwigajah is inapplicable and
company if business new but small landfill area is fo-
calculation is suita- und). Incinerator will have ca-
ble with market me- pacity 1,000 ton waste per day
chanism. If not, the equipped with heat to energy
plant will be jointly system. It requires 5 ha and
operated by city go- two RLS areas with capacity
vernment and pri- 8,000m3/day, respectively.
vate company Cost management per ton
waste will be Rp. 124,870. MJ
8 Percik August 2006

11. HEADLINES
Mayor of Bandung City, H. Dada Rosada
Nothing More to Do with Traditional Way
SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
C an you explain waste mana-
gement in Bandung before
emergency response?
waste dump raised on 26 May 2006,
which lasted 41 days. There was 7,500 m3
waste everyday and, if multiplied by
So far, waste management is carri- 41 day, produced 400 thousand m3
ed out traditionally, namely sanitary waste. Therefore I asserted that
landfill to maximally control landfill. Bandung is under waste emergency.
In sanitary landfill, waste is disposed And this is not national issue but also
and leveled at a certain location, while international. I kept attempting solu-
in control landfill, waste is disposed tion. On 26 May, Governor and Com-
of, leveled and overburdened with so- mander of Kodam III Siliwangi took
il. Either sanitary or control landfill action to provide us with 21 ha area in
will bring serious problems if they're Sarimukti owned by Perhutani. In the
left unmanaged. meantime, we used Kodam land area
Sanitary landfill needs wide area. of 2.5 ha in Cikubang but it was appli-
If the land is small, the waste dump cable only for 10 days. Now we use
will in turn cause accident. For exam- vestors. The three investors made land in Sarimukti. In Sarimukti,
ple, TPA Leuwigajah tragedy. If we consortium called PT. Bandung Raya Governor executed MoU with Per-
overburden it with soil, the result re- Indah Lestari (BRIL). On September hutani on 7 August as legality for the
mains the same because of leachate 2005, we executed MoU with the land use. That waste produced by
and potential collapse. We cannot company, in which they should seek Bandung district, Cimahi, Bandung
even dump it vertically. With the Leu- an area and acquire it for factory. Pre- city will be processed as compost
wigajah incident, we have to do better viously, on July-August 2005, we visi- based on ideas of the team established
and do not repeat the same mistake, ted Shanghai China for comparative by Minister of National Planning and
which will just cause incident and loss study to see waste management plant Development/Head of Bappenas,
to people and city government. in the city. So we will adopt their tech- State Minister of Environment, Mi-
nology although Head of Bandung nister of Research and Technology.
What will local government District and I have ever been trained The government granted Rp. 14 billi-
do after Leuwigajah collapse? about waste management so that I can on to build compost plant in Sari-
Upon Governor's verbal approval, complement the comparative study in mukti. After visit to Singapore one
around March 2005, we invited 15 in- Japan and China. On September week ago, I found that there is a
vestors who have concern of waste 2005, BRIL sought the area and it downtown waste management to
management that produces compost, seemed uneasy. Some government energy, water treatment. We have
fertilizer, energy, briquette, brick, ce- agreed but the people disagreed. So it four locations and for power energy,
ment, etc. They come from domestic is not easy. The last, we still disposed Bandung city is potential because it
and foreign investors. To select them, of waste in Jelekong, Bandung Dis- uses only 5 ha area for plant, 15 ha for
we established a formulation team trict, and then closed. We also have greenbelt and 5 ha for reserve, and 10
consisting of city government, envi- landfill area 7 ha in Pasir Impun but it ha for revegetation. Based on experi-
ronmental specialists and Unpad re- was closed, also we have in Cicabe but ences from visiting some countries,
presentative. The team worked hard it was closed on 14 April. So, on 15 the waste management remains no
and selected five and finally three in- April no more landfill at all. Until residue at all because waste is
Percik August 2006 9

12. HEADLINES
ILLUSTRATION BY: RUDI KOZ
Local the important thing
G o v t. is ACTION, man....
processed continuously. Bandung ci- results in collective landfill in Sari- difficulty in finding out the plant area.
ty will refer to thee approaches. I ho- mukti, Bandung District. Bandung
pe, if realized, this will be the first in district and Cimahi have less waste. From the waste tragedy, does
Indonesia. Bandung city produces 7,500 m3 per Bandung still maintain the exis-
day while Cimahi produces only 450 m3 ting master plan or prepare the
Does city government only per three months. We are who want new one?
cooperate with private compa- the waste changed into electric power. We prepare the new master plan.
ny? By chance, PLN has not been able to The existing one is sanitary landfill,
On 31 July ago, cooperation of serve all people. isn't it? It is inapplicable anymore.
Bandung city government was exten- Now we're preparing a new master
ded with ITB, PLN san Darut Tauhid. Where will the plant be estab- plan, which consists the location
The decision: City Government is lished? points, while in RT/RW and RDTRK,
waste producer; PT. BRIL and Darut It will be established in Bandung we plot Bandung Timur as non-pollu-
Tauhid are management, PLN is ener- Timur. It is under process now. Insya tant industry and warehousing area.
gy buyer and seller, and ITB provides Allah we don't have any problem
design and technology. Previously because the land is owned by one per- What you just explained re-
ITB and PLN have made small-scale son and he has agreed with. We hope fers to how management of final
joint-operation of 24 ton waste/day the plant establishment will not be the waste is. How's community em-
producing 500 Kwh electric power. same as in Bojong. We have made powerment in waste reduction?
This was considered too small so that socialization to our community and We encourage the community to
PLN suggested cooperation with city they agree with our plan. sort their household waste as applica-
government as the latter has abun- ble in the developed countries. At
dant waste supply. We plan to change How do you think of budget? least, they sort between organic and
1500 ton waste per day into 25 It will be given gradually. inorganic waste. We then pick up and
megawatt electric power. bring their waste to the depot. And
How much will it be alloca- there, the waste is sorted again. In the
What kind of regional coope- ted? management plant, we will prepare
ration you establish with local We haven't fixed it yet. All to do casual until skilled workers.
government? now is legality. We haven't prepared
Cooperation with government of the business plan as we are encoun- How is your cooperation with
Bandung district and Cimahi city tering many problems, for example private company?
10 Percik August 2006

13. HEADLINES
We refer the work to them. They transport from the TPS to final dis- incident as Bandung has?
invest and operate the plant; we give posal site (TPA) without any treat- Firstly, there must be behavioral
our waste and pay them so they take ment. Community should pay retribu- change. We should not dispose of
profit from our payment. Besides, tion for waste transport we conduct waste carelessly. We should sort
they sell waste energy to PLN. from TPS to TPA. wastes, and local government should
not adopt traditional waste manage-
What is impact of waste mana- Is there any special regula- ment, such as sanitary landfill.
gement plant to performance of tion on this agreement?
Bandung Cleaning Service Agency? It is just MoU. What should other local go-
Well, we'll make it gradually; vernment do if they were to
probably we involve them in the It means that legality must be encounter waste emergency?
operation. The plant will be returned prepared for this? They should refer to high techno-
to city government if BOT or BTO is Yes, it must. Moreover, this agree- logy waste management, either collec-
completed, won't it? ment involves ITB, PLN and Darut tive (joining with other local govern-
Tauhid. ments) or individual management.
How long the work agree-
ment with private company? How much budget will be Do you mean, in emergency?
Well, minimally 20 years required for this waste manage- Yes, we with all levels of communi-
ment? ty implement 3R, reduce, reuse and
Does local government pre- We obtain Rp. 20 billion from recycle. But it is highly emergency and
pare special regulations to le- local government. But charge im- it didn't work maximally. During 41
galize this agreement? posed on Cleaning Service Agency for days we're facing about 400 thousand
Yes, it does. The local regulation retribution is only 53% of budget m3 waste. By implementing 3R, we
has been issued. It regulates Waste demand of more than Rp 20 billion. could only reduce 10 thousand m3.
Management, transport from houses Besides, the process will not immedi-
to temporary disposal site (TPS) is Do you have any suggestions for ately bring revolution. This model is
conducted by RT/RW community and other cities to prevent the similar only for long-term plan. Not all people
SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
can implement waste management in
their houses. So change in waste ma-
nagement from traditional way to
high technology is a must.
When will the plant be ope-
rated?
Construction is under way this
year. It needs 1 year. And for the peri-
od of time, we dispose of waste in
Sarimukti and so far so good.
Is your plan not causing con-
flict with GBWMC program?
It doesn't matter with GBWMC.
We keep following the GBWMC pro-
gram. Moreover, Bandung waste is
abundant. So there is nothing to
worry about with Sarimukti. MJ.
Corner of Bandung city that is already clean.
Percik August 2006 11

14. HEADLINES
Lesson Learned from Bandung
Waste Emergency Situation
W
aste in Indonesia has been needs immediate actions. Eventually,
so apprehensive, signalized By: Endang Setyaningrum* not less than four ministers (Minister
by numbers of waste pollu- of Public Work, Minister of Envi-
tion and get the peak when TPA Leu- 300,000 m3 waste was retained ronment, Bappenas and BPPT) and
wigajah collapsed on February 2005 downtown as no other landfill will even ITB were rushed with waste
ago which claimed 146 victims and accommodate the waste of 4,000m3 emergency response plan even though
followed by hot debate and blaming per day, or precisely, people's strong Presidential Instruction was referred
each other. Nevertheless, as common- resistance against alternative landfills only to Minister of Environment.
ly happening in out country, Leuwi- (TPA Jelekong, TPA Babakan, etc.). In this emergency response plan,
gajah tragedy is not followed by ade- With such a condition, it is sure that Indonesian Army also took action to
quate improvement, either technical Bandung, which is known as cool and evacuate waste out of the city (certain-
or political. The incident seems to be beautiful city has now changed into ly with assistance of local government
lowest anticlimax in Indonesia waste the city of stink and disgusted wastes personnel and cleaning service agen-
management. and even potential diseases spreading cy) by deploying personnel, heavy
Although government of Indone- everywhere. equipments and providing dump lo-
sia makes official announcement of Whether there is or not waste cation in Cikubang, Darangdan Sub-
waste "emergency" in Bandung, the emergency statement officially from district of Purwakarta District (4 ha
fact shows that since May 2006, after government, we should admit that the area). This was probably referred to
Leuwigajah collapse, a total of condition has been supercritical and emergency situation as similar to war
condition where TNI was in the front
SOURCE:ENDANG SETYANINGRUM
line as well as establishment of
Taskforce and Ad Hoc Committee.
Besides, the waste was also dumped
in plantation area owned by Perhutani in
Sarimukti village (21 ha), Cipatat-
Rajamandala Sub-district, Bandung
District. Actually there are optional loca-
tions for emergency landfill but upon
people's resistance against the waste,
governor chose 3 locations:
- Cikubang (4 ha), 28km from
Bandung city, an area owned by
Army in Purwakarta District
- Sarimukti (21 ha), 42 km from
Bandung city, an area owned by
Perhutani in Bandung District
- Gunung Hejo (8 ha), 33km from
Badung city, an area owned by
Waste piles up at temporary disposal site (TPS) PTP VIII in Purwakarta District
12 Percik August 2006

15. HEADLINES
SOURCE:ENDANG SETYANINGRUM
Disposal in Cikubang area was
conducted by army using adequate
'emergency disposal' namely cut and
fill method. I think that army person-
nel understand not only military but
also familiar with the "cat method".
Unfortunately, waste dumped in Ci-
kubang was only about 50,000 m3
(land area used was only 1.5 ha of 4 ha
area) for 30 days.
Meanwhile, disposal in Sarimukti
is more emergency because it relied
only on open dumping with com-
paction (without backfilling as imple-
mented in Cikubang) with disposal
capacity 800m3/day (today it accom-
modates 70,000 m3). Actually land Waste trucks stand in line to enter TPA Cikubang
use permit in Sarimukti area is for
composting but due to emergency sit-
uation, composting has not been com- dination cost, waste delivery cost,
menced yet until today. Currently which was repeatedly rejected by peo-
ple, cost of ill people due to waste pol-
In the meantime, land use in only Rp. 15,000.-/m3
Gunung Hejo (8 ha, and 5.5 ha lution in the city, cost for reduced
is available far below local tourists which cancelled their
usable) situating in the edge of
Cipularang toll road, has not been im- reasonable cost of waste visit to Bandung, etc.
plemented. Although quick detailed What expensive a waste emer-
management. gency situation in Bandung is. Were
engineering design has been imple-
mented for better waste disposal due And finally we just TPA Leuwigajah not to collapse; were
TPA Leuwigajah able to be operated
to presence of spring around the area, make suppositions.
Local House of Purwakarta rejected with appropriate sanitary landfill;
the land use although water supply were fund allocation adequate (cur-
for 3 months equals Rp. 8.1 billion rently only Rp. 15,000.-/m3 is avail-
requirements for people around the
- Disposal cost in Cikubang (heavy able far below reasonable cost of
area (Cibentar and Pasirmalaka vil-
equipments, personnel and safe- waste management). And finally we
lage) have been fulfilled by Ministry of
ty infrastructures) just make suppositions.
Public Work. Even access permit via
- Disposal cost in Sarimukti (heavy
toll road was being under process by
equipments, personnel and When will waste emergency
Minister of Public Work.
repair of access road to location) situation last?
- DED Cost of Sarimukti After 3 months passes and based on
Cost of Emergency Response
- Preparation cost of Gunung Hejo calculation of waste volume having been
Plan
location (DED, water supply) evacuated from Bandung and Cimahi to
Emergency response plan, which
- Seven units of heavy equipments emergency landfill, there are in fact tens
initially expected to finish for 1 month
costing Rp. 11 billion of thousands m3 waste retained in the
pursuant to Presidential Instruction,
- Cost of water supply in the Gu- city even it is not as dirty as it was.
takes 3 months. During the period,
nung Hejo location Bandung gradually returns back to be
there have numbers of cost payable by
Such costs do not include those clean and even crowded by tourists from
several parties for the following items:
difficult to estimate such as land cost Jakarta, especially during holiday and
- Transport cost (Rp. 750,000/trip)
either in Cikubang or Sarimukti, coor- weekend.
of 180 dump trucks (2 trips/day)
Percik August 2006 13

16. HEADLINES
Does it mean that emergency Executives and legislatives sho-
response plan ends? How is uld not be reluctant in allocating
continuity of landfill improvement Executives and budget for better waste manage-
in Sarimukti which is conducted ment, especially for improving land-
legislatives should not
only through open dumping method fill quality after emergency response
and possible contaminating by be reluctant in (TPA Sarimukti) and actualizing
leachate? How is continuity of inte- allocating budget large-scale integrated composting
grated composting in Sarimukti (as plant.
per Perhutani permit)? There is still
for better waste Finally, waste master plan sho-
a number of problems requiring fol- management uld be prepared as long-term refer-
low up to prevent "waste emergency ence for stakeholders, including spa-
volume 2". tial allocation for landfill area com-
plete with buffer zone and applica-
Scenarios After Emergency been alleviated from Bandung, we tion of "landfill borderline". Landfill
Response should think and learn lessons from allocation is also for long-term in-
For scenario post emergency Bandung incident as starting point vestment because we will obtain
plan, infrastructure improvement in toward spirit of better waste ma- "new land" after landfill, possibly as
Cikubang and Sarimukti is recom- nagement. green open land.
mended to overcome contamination People awareness of waste reduc-
* Staff at the Directorate of
likely visible in Sarimukti, especially tion by means of composting and Settlement Sanitary Development,
leachate contamination and prepa- recycling should be supported, for Directorate General of Human
ration of integrated waste manage- example, by giving them incentives. Settlement, Ministry of Public Work.
ment (composting and recycling). SOURCE:ENDANG SETYANINGRUM
Further step is returning back to
GBWMC scenarios consisting of:
- Socialization to community and
stakeholders to prevent social
conflict as it was
- Land acquisition (Citiis and
Kebon Nangka-Nagrek) with
appropriate compensation
- Preparation of adequate landfill
area and waste management
facility especially relating to
preparation of buffer zone,
environmental conservation
facility, etc.
- Landfill operation in professio-
nal ways and causing adverse
impact or social conflict as well
as TPA Leuwigajah manage-
ment after collapse and TPA
Jelekong.
Lessons Learned
Although storm (of waste) has
Entered condition to TPA Cikubang
14 Percik August 2006

17. I N T E RV I E W
Director of Water Resources and Irrigation, Bappenas, Ir. M. Dony Azdan, MA, MS, PhD
Java Needs
New Storages
SOURCE: EXCLUSIVE water to the river when rain and
retain it when dry. Irrigation pattern
Drought is occurring several regions in in Indonesia is commonly gravitation-
Indonesia recently which brings significant al irrigation. So, it only dams up and
losses. Amazingly, the regions are flooded dur- raise water level. There is no water
ing rain. This is an interesting phenomenon to control except dam. That is what big
be discussed. Why does it happen and is this dams do for. It is full control. But
merely natural phenomenon or human inter- most our irrigations are semi control,
vention? Accordingly, Percik is allowed to meaning irrigation by raising water
interview Director of Water Resources and level.
Irrigation Bappenas, M. Dony Azdan in his
office as quoted below. What kind of environmental
intervention will be?
Talking about environment, we do
nothing but recommendation such as
D rought is hitting Indonesia.
What causes it?
There are three main causes; first-
progressively. Until today we have
technical irrigation of 4.6 million ha
in full control. There are also semi
no cutting forests. Low-income far-
mers in the upper catchments area
usually plant crops such as cassava
ly global climate change because rain technical and simple irrigation of and corn, which are unsuitable with
and dry take place outside the fixed almost 7.2 million ha. There is also the river flow as the crops are not ca-
months. Secondly, environmental fac- the so-called rained irrigation, which pable of retaining water. Many devel-
tors. Thirdly, water infrastructure. is usually applied in the rural area opers forget that the new settlements
Environmental factors are clear; there without technical irrigation. they build are parking area of the
are significant factors outside water water. For example, Jakarta was used
system such as forestry, dry farm, etc. How far does it affect dro- to have a lot of swamps, which retain
so that capacity of natural or artificial ught? water before flowing to the sea. Now,
water flow will deplete. We can see If we talk about drought, it looks the area is developed and raised, etc.
dams with very high deposits. like two-sided coin. One side is dro- so that water has no place to stay and
ught and another side is flooded. This this often causes flood.
How about infrastructures? indicates change in ability of a river to
For infrastructures, we have in- retain sufficient water as the catch- Is there relationship between
vestment of almost Rp. 10 billion in ment area has been destroyed, etc. drought and river characters?
water resources including irrigation, What we're focusing in our research is Rivers in Java are commonly steep
river control and swamp development whether the dry area is flooded during but short so that they have rapid
in the beginning of New Order era. rain. In fact, big rivers commonly act flushing. In the meantime, we have no
The largest investment is allocated for so. But for development areas such as storages to save water for dry season.
irrigation as the time being we were irrigation areas, the fact is not neces- Today we have 120 dams. But if we
encouraged to food self-support and sary like that. This refers to control. observe, especially in Java Island, we
this made irrigation was developed Artificial irrigation areas will release can only save 10% water, while other
Percik August 2006 15

18. I N T E RV I E W
90% is never used until the water dition Java Island has based on wet or dry. If this year is dry, all out-
reaches the sea. Thus, it has steep and the study? lets are closed to allow water raise to
short flow, rapid flushing and too bad We have regencies with potential optimum level rather than releasing it
that we have no storages. Until 1990s, water deficits based on hydrology and at anytime. If this year is wet, some
we have developed numbers of dams. demand for agricultural and industri- outlets are opened. Let's say this year
Since early 1980s to end 1990s, many al sectors. A total of 77% districts in we have storage, then we will have
conflicts arose from friends of envi- Java are water deficits. Such deficits planting pattern, especially in the ter-
ronmental ministry to build dams are divided into three categories, minate area. So, in Karawang and
with reasons that it will change envi- namely light category between 0-3 Purwakarta districts will have definite
ronment, etc. that it is so difficult to months per year; moderate category water supply according to planting
build dams. They compare with US or between 3-6 months per year and acreage. For regions with small water
Europe. The US has 25 thousand severe category more than 6 months debit, we make classification. Until
dams while we have only hundreds. per year. If this condition is left with- certain extent, if water is depleted,
Indeed, there are two influential fac- out infrastructure intervention, then there should be predetermined plan-
tors, land acquisition and environ- in 2015, 78% regions will undergo ting pattern. In Indramayu for exam-
mental change, but I personally consi- deficit, with light to moderate or to ple, because water debit is small, rice
der the storages to be necessary. If we severe category will increase. Location planting is delayed. Then planting
need to build dams, it means we sho- will not significantly change but classification is provided, for example
uld do it because it is really necessary. deficit is severer. In 2025, deficit may from rice-rice-intercrops to rice-inter-
reach 80.5%. And if we list the avail- crops-intercrops. This planting mana-
Does it mean, we could pre- able information, there are 26 gement was previously controlled by
dict the drought based on natu- regions, which will subject to dry, for ulu-ulu with strict authority. But in
ral condition? example Bandung. This region is the present, farmers are difficult to be
From all regions in Indonesia, quite severe. Garut has light deficit. controlled. Although they know it is
there are two regions with potential Indramayu is severe. Kebumen is dry season, they plant rice. And when
water deficit, namely Java and Nusa quite severe. Wonosobo is unusual. It water supply is insufficient, they get
Tenggara, while others are based on should not be deficit, but the fact angry. Indeed, farmers may not take
global water balance, not deficit. shows that it is deficit. So there is a water along the bed channel because
Unfortunately, we see it locally. In problem of water management. Se- it is allocated for the terminate areas.
essence, if we see by island, the Java marang is light deficit. Purbalingga Everyone will get quota. Sometimes,
Island has potential water deficit. should not be deficit as it obtains wa- they pump water into their rice field
According to our global calculation, ter from Comal and Serayu rivers, but and then terminated area will dry
based on study of water resources the fact shows that it is dry. This is earlier.
management in Java Island, Java is due to water management, and this is
water deficit 5 billion m3 per year. what we're studying now. What do you think of enforce-
This means saving level should be ment?
raised. We need large storages. The Which management should It is difficult to implement nowa-
current strategy is, because of many be implemented to prevent the days. Previously farmers followed ulu-
conflicts from environmental factor drought? ulu instruction, now they don't. This
arise in building the dams, we should Let's take an example of Jatiluhur water management has slightly cha-
build large number of small and with full control. It has west channel nged with regional autonomy. Who
medium scale dams such as embung- for Jakarta supply, east channel for will hold responsibility? Although re-
embung. Each district, for example, Indramayu and surrounding areas, gulations have been applicable, res-
should have one dam. and north channel for coastal areas. ponsibility for irrigation over 3 thou-
Actually in the end or mid of rainy se- sand ha lies on central government, 1-
Could you explain what con- ason, we can see whether this year is 3 thousand ha lies on provincial res-
16 Percik August 2006

19. I N T E RV I E W
SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
ponsibility and below one thousand
ha lies on district responsibility; the
question: is institution ready? Over 3
thousand ha for example, who holds
responsibility in the central level?
Inevitably there should be seconding
assignment to local level. In that case,
region holds more responsibility. Li-
kewise, provincial level has not prepa-
red person in charge, and finally sec-
onding assignment is required. These
units are changing. Previously, al-
though from central level, the person-
nel can be used by district/ provincial Water storage in Situ Cibereum, Bandung, is decreasing.
level. Therefore, it is still under im- How is our water infrastruc- and secondary one remains on go-
provement if seen from management ture nowadays? vernment control and that is prone to
point. From infrastructure aspect, we ha- conflict because the users are not only
ve problems with operation and main- farmers. We hope that farmers will be
How much storage do we tenance. It is fact that if we build con- responsible for this tertiary channel
need? struction in one place, we often forget by establishing farmers group to
Java Island needs 5 billion m3. As maintenance in the previous place. maintain the infrastructure. In case of
illustration, Indramayu is a dry re- Operation and maintenance have financing, government will give aid.
gion. It is supplied from Jatiluhur. So been problems since 1980s. For
there is a design for Cimanuk, namely example, the existing irrigation net- How is composition of water
Jatigede dam. If Jatigede dam has work has limited maintenance period use?
been built, the storage will be used for so that it must be repaired in 5 years. Irrigation is actually 89-94 per-
Indramayu and Sumedang regions If we have good planning, rehabilita- cent; DMI municipal and industry is
and this will minimize consumption tion should be carried out in 15 years. between 4-11 percent; developing
of Jatilihur water supply. And we allo- This is the problem in water infra- region is 8-9 percent. For example
cate Jatiluhur supply more to west or structure and our priority forward. Bekasi and Karawang. So, large pro-
north. For example, if Jatigede water We understand that our government portion is still available for irrigation.
volume is almost 500 million m3, it itself cannot conduct the operation
will need 10 dams as large as Jatigede and maintenance; there should be It means that agricultural
region. But we can also build small ownership system. In our approach, sector will bear loss of dry?
dams. It is ideal if we have embung- the most benefited person is farmer Dry brings significant impact to
embung in district or sub-district le- because he knows which is to be ma- agricultural sector but it is not always
vel. Even there is a brilliant idea: dam intained first. It is different from ser- the case. There are regions, which are
is provided per hectare. The problem vice staffs where they only see physi- dry previously, for example Pacitan or
is: owners in Java have small areas, cal appearance of the infrastructure Indramayu. The question: if we talk
averagely 0.25 hectare and so are fer- although they don't know its function. about municipal or industry, especial-
tile lands, almost 100% have no prob- Therefore since 1990s we have intro- ly municipal, water quality becomes
lems with water. But in the arid land, duced our approaches that for opera- problem. Our major problem changes
water is difficult to find. For example, tion and maintenance, we involve far- from agricultural to urban area, from
someone have to find water until 23 mers. We even wanted to deliver it to which water cannot be automatically
km long; if storage is provided in the the farmers but serious complaints transformed. For dry urban or rural
area, water resources may or may not occurred. However, it is applicable areas, people depend highly on aqui-
be available. only to tertiary channel, the primary fer. Aquifer and surface water is high-
Percik August 2006 17

20. I N T E RV I E W
ly different where layers between 30- of Bappenas; daily director being stakeholders. Besides, we are intro-
60m subsurface may have contact Minister of Public Work and 11 minis- ducing integrated water resource ma-
with surface. But if it is more than ters as members. This team is aimed nagement and we focus on the imple-
60m deep, aquifer will have no con- in discussing intersectoral water mentation. We should be aware that
tact with surface water and it is possi- issue. There are Minister of Energy everything will strongly relate to
bly difficult for recovery. In the re- and Mineral Resources, Minister of water.
mote area, it is difficult to find surface Health, Minister of Environment, Mi-
water as well as make well. Aquifer nister of Communication, etc. So that Do we have grand design on
basin has catchment area in the up- all problems can be solved according- water?
stream; maintenance of the upstream ly. This team made draft regulations; Yes, participation. The most im-
area will bring two advantages; clean one of them is Law No. 7 on Natural portant thing is that this is not only
water and good capacity and good Resources. In this Law No. 7, we have government responsibility. It is the
percolation so that we can maintain introduced authority of central to dis- people who can manage water appro-
the aquifer level for the depth 30- trict government as well integration priately. The important thing is how
60m. For 125m deep, for example, between exploitation and manage- to make them aware of water. If ne-
water sources will be difficult to reach ment of the natural resources as well cessary, we introduce it to education
as it may lies behind other catchment as appointed person for natural re- level. Water salvation is not only
areas. source management. This will be physical activity; it must be imparted
elaborated into PP (government regu- since childhood. We will make design
How is cooperation estab- lation) on rivers, PP on irrigation, etc. and plan along catchment areas. Each
lished with relevant institution as well as ministerial and presidential river should have one design and
to maintain our natural resour- decrees. This integration requires plan. We are used to have master plan
ces? involvement of relevant sectors. Besi- for Bengawan Solo containing proce-
In 2001, TKSDA (Tim Koordinasi des, there is also GNKPA (Gerakan dures how to build dam, embank-
Sumberdaya Air/Water Resources Nasional Kemitraan Penyelamatan ment, dredging and other physical
Coordinating Team) was established Air/National Partnership for Water works. The design is aimed at arrang-
based on Presidential Decree No. 123, Salvation); we hope this will come in- ing sustainable water source manage-
which chaired by Coordinating Minis- to implementation. The program fo- ment. In the plan we do not focus only
ter for Economy, Finance and Indus- cuses on river rehabilitation. This in- on physical works and this is being
try and deputy chairman being Head volves not only government but also implemented in Citarum River. We
SOURCE:EXCLUSIVE are making design on sector with rele-
vant work and district with relevant
responsibility.
What will you recommend to
the people?
I hope they will follow workshops
and trainings, especially farm extension.
If the region capacity is possible, we
should build water storages, although
small. I hope that people will be aware of
water saving from now on. This is the
case of culture. They regard river a dis-
posal place. This is still prominent in
Java. People should also control water
use and water disposal to the river. If
necessary, we sue the perpetrator. MJ
18 Percik August 2006