Special Edition. Published by Water and Sanitation Working Group. First Edition on August 2003

2. Table of Content
Information Media for Water and
Environmental Sanitation
Editorial 1
Your Voice 2
Main Report
Community Involvement in Solid Waste Management: A Certainty 3
Published by: Interviews
Water and Environmental Sanitation CBSWM: Opportunities and Challenges 6
Working Group (Pokja AMPL)
In cooperation with:
IDRC, BORDA, BALIFOKUS, LPTP, BEST Regulation
Responsible: Implementation of Community Involvement Pursuant to Act No. 18 Year
Oswar Mungkasa 2008 15
Frank Fladerer
Knowledge
Editorial Chief:
Oswar Mungkasa Community Development Principle and Philosophy 26
Community Empowerment in Solid Waste Management 29
Board of Editorial:
Community Based Solid Waste Management: Require Incentive 33
Surur Wahyudi Waste and Global Warming 35
Yuyun Ismawati
Green Business for Planet Earth 37
Hamzah Harun Al-Rasyid
Solid Waste Management Experiences in Different Countries 39
Solid Waste Management and International Agreements 42
Editorial Staff:
Bowo Leksono Create Sustainable Composting 44
Gressiadi Muslim
Guests
Design and Production: Yuyun Ismawati: Wastewater and Solid Waste Management Implementer
Rudi Kosasih
Helmi Satoto Receiver of Goldman Environmental Prize 46
Distribution: Best Practices
Agus Syuhada Tarakan Creating a Clean City by Managing the Waste 55
Halimatussa'diah
Innovation
Editorial Address:
Takakura Composter: House Method and Layer Method 70
Jl. RP Suroso 50, Jakarta Pusat.
Telp./Faks.: (021) 31904113
http://www.ampl.or.id Actors 75
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com
redaksi@ampl.or.id
oswar@bappenas.go.id Agenda 82
Editorial receives articles from outside related with Reference on Solid Waste
drinking water and environmental sanitation and
never been published before. The length of the Community Based Solid Waste Management System 84
articles is not limited and editorial has the rights to
edit the articles. Please send to the above
address with identity. Glossary
„ Percik Magazine can be accessed in AMPL homepage:
http://www.ampl.or.id „

3. Percik
May 2009 1
„ E D I TO R I A L „
uddenly we have come to 2009,
S and this time Percik comes in a
different 'form' unlike the previ-
ous ones. This is a special edition with
main focus on Community Based Solid
Waste Management (CBSWM). We
design this in order to give more focus
on waste management, moreover on
those which are community based. It
has been fully realized that nowadays,
the government has put an eye on solid
waste management programs. This can
be shown in the Act No 18 Year 2008
about solid waste management.
Furthermore, it has been declared that
every year, on 21st of February, is a
waste day. Using the momentum,
Percik comes in a special edition.
Deriving from the willingness to
gather attentions from different par-
ties, various information concerning
solid waste management issues are
discussed in this edition. Starting from
the philosophy of community empow- Housewives and female teenagers in a village are learning to manage solid waste using
Takakura basket method. Photo: Surur
erment, solid waste management con-
cept, best practices from local, nation- ernment but also Community Social Based Sanitation) which was an initial
al and international implementations, Responsibilities (CSRs) from private project of the cooperation between
interviews with city majors, artists, companies such as Unilever Peduli and Public Work Department, BORDA,
NGOs, private sectors and community Danamon Peduli up until community LPTP, BALIFOKUS and BEST.
itself are available as literatures. Our funds. This partnership is a good thing
wish to give as complete as possible However, in reality, solid waste because at least the development of
information on community based solid management programs seemed to be Drinking Water and Environment
waste management has inspired us to peculiar. It appears that there are no Sanitation (AMPL) has drawn some
provide technology innovations, regu- good communications among the concerns in different of sectors.
lations and acts from national to local, stakeholders. A success in one place Besides, it also means that there is
references on books, CDs and websites. cannot merely acknowledge and an acknowledgement in showing that
From the various interviews with applied in different areas. Our efforts the development of Drinking Water
the outstanding and best practices, here hopefully will make the commu- and Environment Sanitation (AMPL)
solid waste management should not be nications better for the stakeholders in is not merely physical construction but
a problem in Indonesia. There are the future. also other aspects, such as communi-
plenty of good examples in the city Besides the new theme, in financial cation.
level such as Surabaya and Tarakan, as aspect, we have stepped ahead by not Hopefully, the innovation we
well as community based ones such as using the government's fund. This con- brought will enhance the quality of our
Mrs. Bambang in Cilandak, and even dition could be initiated by the non- magazine. We will be happy to get your
in the educational institutions such as governmental cooperation between criticism and suggestions and
Pusdakota in Surabaya and SMUN 34 IDRC/CRDI, BORDA, LPTP, BALI- finally, enjoy. „
in Jakarta. Funding contribution is FOKUS and BEST. Of course we have (OM).
getting varied, not only from the gov- all heard of SANIMAS (Community

4. 2 Percik
May 2009
„
„ Y O U R NV O IR A
WAWA C A C E „
„
Photo: Meddy CH Raising the Awareness How to subscribe Percik?
Dear Percik, Dear Percik editorial,
My name is Roland, head of NGO We are from Public Health Study
Swara Masyarakat Flobamora which is Program, Math and Science Faculty of
based in Kupang, NTT. I am very Haluoleo University in Kendari, South-
pleased with the presence of Percik East Sulawesi. We are very interested
among us. I hope that this magazine in the content of Percik. Therefore, we
will wake up the awareness of our com- would like to know how we can rou-
munity towards environmental issues. tinely subscribe the magazine. Please
I would like to subscribe for a routine kindly send the mechanism according-
Percik edition for the community in ly. Thank you very much for your help
our Pondok Pintar. The address : and attention.
LSM Swara Masyarakat Flobamora Ramadhan Tosepu
Percik Articles helped my Thesis
(SMF), Jl M. Praja No. 25, Kelurahan Public Health Study Program
Dear Percik, Namosain, Kecamatan Alak, Kota FMIPA Unhalu Sultra Kendari
I am one of the staff of Environ- Kupang, Provinsi NTT. Kampus Baru Anduonohu
mental Agency from Pati Regency,
Central Java, I am now studying for my Roland, Kupang
master in UNDIP, Semarang and am Dear Mr. Roland, Dear Mr. Ramadhan,
working my thesis on drinking water. I Thank you, we will send Percik Thank you for your interest in our
am very interested and excited with the routinely to your address. magazine, we will process your
contents of this magazine since it helps request as soon as possible.
me a lot on my thesis and my work at Please send Percik
the office. As you have known, my Percik Subscription
work is in environmental related Dear Percik,
issues. When I read your article on Currently, our foundation is deve- Dear Percik,
Percik August 2007 edition in your loping a community based recyclable Thank you for sending Percik to
voice column, I realized that I can sub- solid waste collection program in the Women Alliance for Sustainable
scribe for the magazine. Therefore, I Bojonggede, Bogor for 70 Households- Development (AAPB). It has good con-
would like to subscribe for Percik on member of the foundation. To enlarge tents which can enlarge our horizon of
every edition. our knowledge in solid waste, we information. Furthermore, please send
So please send the magazine to: would like to get a regular Percik mag- the magazine to AAPB secretariat:
Mr. Rival Gautama azine (including Percik Junior). Please
Perunda Sukoharjo, Jl Nusa Indah send the magazines to the following Gedung Dharma Wanita
No. 16 Rt 02, Rw 06 address: Persatuan Lt. II,
Desa Sukoharjo, Kecamatan Mar- Sri Wahyono Jl Pedurenan Masjid Kav. F 01
gorejo, Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah Kp. Bojonggede Dalam, Rt 02/12 Karet Kuningan Jakarta 12940
Thank you very much for the sub- No. 26, Kelurahan Bojonggede Thank you.
scription. Kabupaten Bogor 16922 Sri Murniati Djamaludin
Thank you for your attention
Warm Regards, Dear Mrs. Sri Murniati
Rival Gautama
Sri Wahyono Thank you before. We will send the
Dear Mr. Rival Gautama, Dear Mr. Sri Wahyono, magazine to the requested address.
We thank you for your apprecia- We will process your subscription
tion. We will follow up your subscrip- accordingly. Thank you.
tion accordingly.

5. Percik
May 2009 3
„„ M A I N RN C A R A „
WAWA E P O RT „
Community Involvement in
Solid Waste Management:
A Certainty
ealized or not, solid waste has
R become part of our daily life.
Every human activity is pro-
ducing residue or waste with amount
and volumes are equal with the goods
that we are using daily. It is not aston-
ishing if the waste generation multi-
plies significantly in accordance with
the increase of the population, espe-
cially in the city.
To give an overview, based on the
calculation presented in the Indonesia
Infrastructure Book (Bappenas, 2003),
in 1995, the estimation of waste gener-
ation in Indonesia reached 22,5 mil-
lion tons and will be doubled in 2020
to a shocking 53,7 million tons.
Community as the backbone of environment program. Foto: Uli Peduli.
Meanwhile, in big cities in Indonesia,
solid waste generation per capita is
estimated around 600-830 grams per elephants. good, but only in a small scale like their
day. In general, most of the wastes are house. Houses are free from waste
As an illustration on how huge the generated from the households. As an because they dispose it not in the prop-
waste generation is, the data from se- example, data from Cleaning Agency of er place. They mostly dispose the waste
veral big cities in Indonesia can be Semarang City shows that in 2005 into sewer, river or even their neigh-
used as reference. Jakarta produces a there were 75,71 percent or 2,650 m3 bor's empty land. This NIMBY (Not In
daily 6,200 tons of waste; Bandung of solid waste came from settlement or My Back Yard) phenomenon is very
generates waste 2,100 tons every day; household. Meanwhile solid waste strong.
Surabaya produces 1,700 tons and from market reached 13,57 percent or The result is then predictable,
Makassar 800 tons (Damanhuri, 500 m3 and the rest came from the wastes are lying everywhere which is
2002). So it is normal that in such big commercial activities (shops, restau- very potential in causing diseases. Not
cities they require new space for the rants, and hotels), public facilities, to mention the waste disposed in the
final dumpsite quite soon enough. It is roads, industrial areas and sewerage. water channel and river which cause
estimated that space for final dump- Therefore, household is the biggest flood during the rainy season. These
sites in Indonesia in 1995 already contributor in solid waste generation. conditions create social
reached 675 Ha and will multiply into We just spoke about the volume of
1,610 Ha in 2020. Another illustration waste generation and have not seen the
on the waste generation, Jakarta gen- daily practice when people loiter.
erates a daily waste as much as 6,000 People's awareness on cleanliness is

6. 4 Percik
May 2009
„„ M A I N R EC A R A „
WAWA N P O RT „
cost which has to be carried out by the hand, facilitator's role is to facilitate Government of Surabaya. This part-
community. the community to reach the objective nership has been equipped with the
This phenomenon will lead to a of the program in a good and sustain- consistent implementation of Local
simple conclusion: involving commu- able way. If the community has diffi- Regulations and incentive giving. The
nity in solid waste management activi- culties in separation technique and famous Takakura Box was initially
ties is a certainty. Main waste produc- composting, then facilitator will have developed in Surabaya. Meanwhile,
er is the community therefore they will to build the community's capacity in Tarakan is outstanding from the per-
have to take the responsibility towards certain ways such as giving trainings. If sistence of its city major.
their own residue. community has problem in funding Corporate Social Responsibility
then facilitator should help them by (CSR) from Yayasan Unilever Peduli
Definition and Concept providing solution. However, the facil- (Uli Peduli) echoed its success by
Community Based Solid Waste itation should be done in such way so assisting community to become envi-
Management (CBSWM) is an approach that the community will not depend on ronmental cadre. The other CSR from
to the solid waste management which is the facilitator all the time. Danamon Peduli is focusing on reduc-
based on the community need and One thing to remember, communi- ing the waste generation in the tradi-
demand, planned and implemented (if ty based does not always mean that all tional market. They already have the
possible), controlled and evaluated by of the activities within are done by the program in 31 cities/regencies in
community. In an easy way, it is a com- community. It is what they deserved Indonesia.
munity based activity if (i) community is and realistic to be done to solve the Educational institutions such as
responsible in decision making, and not problems faced by the community. For schools are also having their own green
merely the elite and (ii) operational and example, if community realistically school program which shows the effort
maintenance is community's responsi- does not have time and management to care about their environment in a
ble based on the agreement. capacity to operate then the responsi- curriculum and extracurricular activi-
In this definition, the main actor in bility should not be given to them. It is ties. SMA 34 Jakarta is one of the pio-
solid waste management is communi- better to encourage them to find a pro- neers of the program, while the
ty, not government nor NGO. fessional institution or individuals who University of Surabaya is famous for
Government and the other parties are can be trusted to run the program. developing Takakura Basket through
just motivator and facilitator. its program, Pusdakota. There are
The main function of motivator is Government and Community's other universities such as ITB's
to encourage the community to think Efforts Environmental Student Association
and solve any problems they faced. If Plenty of efforts are done in solving and UGM's Chemical Engineering
the community is not ready, govern- the solid waste generation problems by which are having outstanding environ-
ment and other parties will have to practicing CBSWM, but not all of them mental care program.
help in preparing them. On the other are successful. Beside CSRs and educational insti-
From several best practices in city tutions, there are individuals who are
level, Surabaya and Tarakan can be having good efforts in 3R solid waste
taken as examples. Surabaya especially management program. Amongst are
can be called successful in this sector Mrs. Bambang from Cilandak, Jakarta
because the local government can set and Iswanto from Sukunan, Sleman,
up the community to do 3R (reduce, Yogyakarta.
reuse, and recycle). The implementa- Mass media also plays an impor-
tion of 3R in Surabaya has been con- tant role in CBSWM. It can be seen
ducted up to village level. In Surabaya, from several efforts such as Jawa Pos
a partnership has been established and Kedaulatan Rakyat (both are
between four parties, community, pri- national newspapers) that are having
vate sector through Corporate Social Green and Clean Program
Responsibility from Telkomsel and
Unilever Peduli, University through
Inter-kampong visits to motivate each others. the involvement of Pusdakota by
Photo: BORDA Universitas Surabaya, and Local

7. Percik
May 2009 5
„
„ M A I N R EC A R A „„
WAWA N P O RT
in cooperation with Uli Peduli.
Meanwhile, in Jakarta, Uli Peduli is
cooperating with Republika Daily and
Delta Radio to have Jakarta Green and
Clean, Green Office and Green School
programs.
The involvement of local as well as
international NGOs are very signifi-
cant. International NGOs such as
Mercy Corps and BORDA are two of
the most consistent ones in CBSWM
program. Local NGOs like Yayasan
Bina Karta Lestari Semarang,
Yayasan Lestari Yogyakarta, Yayasan
Bintari Yogyakarta, Balifokus Denpa- Women are making handicrafts from plastic waste. Photo: Bowo Leksono..
sar and Best Tangerang are some of the
examples in this field. low. Therefore, NIMBY phenomenon solid waste management program
On the other side, even though it is can still be found in a lot of place, such through 3R approach is effective in
not sufficient enough, central govern- as throwing the waste in the empty reducing the waste generation
ment has made efforts. Starting by land. although the result in the community
introducing 3R program and followed Community Based Solid Waste level is higher than the city level. In
by mainstreaming the effort on reduc- Management will not be sustainable Surabaya, according to the major (see
ing the waste generation from its without a strong cooperation between interview), waste generation can be
source into the national planning doc- community and local government. reduced up to 10% or around 170 tons-
ument, Middle Term Development Local government should create coop- a big amount of reduction. An experi-
Planning (RPJM) 2005-2009. eration framework which can give ence in RW 11 Cibangkong Bandung
Furthermore, Act No. 18 year 2008 on opportunity to the responsible party in even can show that all the waste gener-
Solid Waste Management was the solid waste sector as well as com- ation can be processed in the compost-
launched including the local regula- munity leader. ing house.
tions which are mostly accommodating Building community awareness to
community involvement. However, Act manage their waste from its source Future Agenda
No. 18 Year 2008 is not effective requires sustainable hard work. The Community based solid waste man-
enough since inherited Government's efforts are done in different ways agement is a certainty. Several actors
Rules are not finished yet. depend on its local condition, starting have practiced in the fields. However,
from providing examples, giving it is still not showing a significant
Lessons Learnt Connection incentives, or creating competitions. result. It requires cooperation among
The implementation of CBSWM by The success of the program in stakeholders to create a synergy for the
different performer in different loca- Indonesia is very depending on the implementation of CBSWM. Most of
tions has made several lessons learnt existence of a champion. If a champion the requirements for the synergy are
which can be summarized into follow- can be found, the program can be already available, starting from experi-
ing. implemented successfully. A champion ences, regulations, and involvements
Community understands the mean- can be community leader, teacher or from different stakeholders. So what is
ing of cleanliness and the importance even housewife. In waste management, lacking now is the willingness of all to
of solid waste management but only at champions are mostly housewife. share and support one another for the
an individual household level. If it is The good examples in both commu- sake of the community. „
concerning surroundings cleanliness, nity and city level are showing that the (OM /several sources)
community's awareness is still very implementation of community based

8. 6 Percik
May 2009
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
CBSWM
Opportunities and Challenges
ommunity Based Solid Waste Management (CBSWM) How does the RPJMN is translated to each relat-
C is clearly stated in Act No. 18 Year 2008 about Solid
Waste Management. It means that this is a compul-
sory program to be done by the central government and
ed institutions both central and local government?
Pursuant to the Act No. 25 year 2004 on National
Development Planning System, RPJMN is a 5 yearly devel-
implemented by the local government. What are the opment agenda which is compiled by the elected president
opportunities and challenges in mainstreaming CBSWM? as a phase to reach the long term government target called
And how far does the community involvement is integrat- National Long Term Development Planning (RPJPN). This
ed within the government's policies/programs? The follow- development agenda is a guideline for the ministry/institu-
ings are interviews with related departments. tion and local government, including commercial sector in
reaching national goal.
DIRECTOR OF SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT It means that compiling the programs and activities for
PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPENAS) 5 years development planning (Strategic Plan) and annual
IR. BUDI HIDAYAT development planning (Work Plan), the ministry/institu-
tion and local government should refer to RPJMN. In accor-
Does community involvement in solid waste dance with the solid waste development, one of the exam-
management have been accommodated in RPJMN ples that can be taken is the 3R system by the Public Work
2010-2014? Department and Environmental Ministry. It is a manifesta-
At this moment, National Development Planning Agency tion of the solid waste development program in order to
(Bappenas) is compiling achieve the target as reflected in RPJMN. Meanwhile, in the
the National Mid Term local government level, 3R program has been adopted in dif-
Development Planning ferent forms and names such as solid waste bank program.
(RPJMN) for the 2010- Furthermore, plenty of cooperation has been established
2014 period. In the draft, between government both central and local, NGOs, educa-
community involvement tional institutions and private sectors through Corporate
in solid waste manage- Social Responsibility.
ment has been accommo-
dated and become one of How far does the community involvement give
the important components contribution towards the increase of the perform-
in RPJMN. Community is ance on solid waste management?
involved in every step of Up until now, there is no special study/analysis whether
solid waste management, Photo: Bowo Leksono the contribution of community (involvement) give increase
starting from handling in the source of waste, transporta- on the performance of solid waste management program.
tion and treatment in the final dumpsite. Basically, this con- However, based on the experience of drinking water and
cept is already in the RPJMN 2005-2009. environmental sanitation development, community in-
This condition cannot be excluded from the change of volvement in planning and development processes gave sig-
paradigm of solid waste management from 'end of pipe nificant influence on the sustainability of the infrastructure
treatment' approach to integrated solid waste management built.
which focuses on the management from its source. One of the best practices is the solid waste management
Therefore, one of the main targets of solid waste develop- in Surabaya. The implementation of 3R program has
ment in RPJMN 2010-2014 is to reduce the waste genera- reduced solid waste generation by 200 tons/day or 10% in 3
tion from its source. To reach the goal, community is years. Besides, household solid waste management is
involved in 3R program (reduce, reuse, and recycle). able to recycle organic waste by 120-140 tons/day
Furthermore, public awareness campaign on household (Cleanliness Dept. Surabaya).
solid waste management will be enhanced.

9. Percik
May 2009 7
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
drainage and 3R for solid waste management using the con-
cept of community education and empowerment.
Are there clear concept from the Public Work
Department on community based solid waste man-
agement?
Policy on solid waste program by the Public Work
Department is casted in Public Work Minister Regulation
No. 21/PRT/M/2006. The implementations of the policy is
in form of 3R program promotion, campaign and education,
encourage the institutional development, optimization and
development of solid waste, revitalization and regionaliza-
tion of final dumpsite and private investment promotion.
Program implementation refers to National Mid Term
Development Planning (RPJMN) 2005-2009; the increase
of transported waste up to 75% and the increase of final
dumpsite performance with environmental sound. In reach-
ing the RPJMN goal, Public Work Department applies the
policy in reducing the waste generation from its source,
increasing community and private sector active roles,
increasing the service area and quality of management sys-
tem, institutional development, rules and laws, and devel-
opment of alternative source of fund.
Community awareness to have a clean life is not enough by putting signs.
Photo: BORDA. DEPUTY ASSISTANT ON DOMESTIC WASTE POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL MINISTRY
TRI BANGUN LAKSONO
DIRECTOR OF SETTLEMENT SANITATION DEVELOPMENT
DIRJEN CIPTA KARYA, PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT As we already know,
IR. SUSMONO Act No 18 year 2008 on
solid waste manage-
What is the role of Public Work Department in ment has been imple-
community involvement? mented effectively.
Public Work Department is having annual activities How far does the com-
especially in the Settlement Sanitation Development munity involvement
Directorate. The activities accommodated in that
are wastewater treat- act?
ment, drainage improve- The background of
ment and solid waste community involvement
management which are lies in article 11 about Photo: Bowo Leksono
involving central and Rights. This chapter is a basic consideration and is impor-
local government, pri- tant for the government as a responsible in solid waste man-
vate, and community. agement to always paying attention and considering com-
Public Work Department munity's rights.
applies community While article 12 is concerning every person's obligation
involvement in Sanimas to reduce and manage waste has also become a strong fun-
Project for wastewater, damental law on the compulsive community's
Mandiri Drainage for active involvement in managing
Photo: Bowo Leksono

10. 8 Percik
May 2009
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
waste, especially at the source. This article has become the
basic to maximize the public's active role in reducing and
managing the waste at home, office, market and other
places.
To encourage community involvement in reducing the
waste at the source level, government must develop incen-
tive and disincentive system. Incentive is given to commu-
nity, individual or group who reduce waste generation. On
the other hand, disincentive is given to those who are not
putting effort in reducing the waste at the source level. The
regulation is accommodated in article 21.
Meanwhile, article 28 explicitly mentioning community
involvements, especially in giving consideration, suggestion
and advice in composing the policy, solid waste manage-
ment implementation, dispute resolution etc. However, this
article was criticized by those who work on solid waste man-
agement sector such as NGOs, community self-help group
and others. They questioned why in this article, communi-
ty's involvement only at giving suggestion and advice level,
as if they have no opportunity to get involved directly in
solid waste management activities either on their own or in
the cooperation framework with the government.
However, this regulation is based on Act No. 18 year
2008. It is written that solid waste management is a public
service; therefore government should organize this since it
is their responsibility. Yet, with all government's limitation,
they can provide a wide access for the community and pri-
vate sector to be actively involved in solid waste manage-
ment activities. Experiences showed that government can-
not perform optimally without the involvement from the
community and private sector. Community involvement
access and mechanism will be arranged in government re-
Government should not only encourage community to separate the waste,
gulations. but also providing example by putting separated waste bin in offices.
Photo: Bowo Leksono
What kind of regulation (government or minis-
ter) will be published with regard to the communi- At this moment, government has no clear and formal
ty involvement? blue print regarding community involvement in solid waste
The application of regulations of the Act No. 8 Year management.
2008, both government and minister regulations need to be
published regarding community involvement. It will cover What needs to be done by the government to
the mechanism of community involvement, their form of ensure that community involvement can be estab-
involvement, definition of community (individual, group), lished?
as well as cooperation with the government. Government will provide policies, rules, technical guide-
lines, SOPs etc. However, government products will be clear
Does the government already have a clear blue and transparent for public and be conducted consis-
print on the concept of community involvement in tently and consequently. „ Bowo Leksono
solid waste management?

11. Percik
May 2009 9
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
Through Green and Clean program
Drs. Bambang Dwi Hartono, MPd which was held since 2002 since I
become major. The program was initiated
The key is in together- by City Government, Uli Peduli
Foundation, and Jawa Pos. The echo of
ness and believe Photo: Bowo Leksono
this event was
enormous.
The role of
Surabaya, second biggest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, is having a different face than with five
years ago. Green parks are decorating the city and provide open spaces. Trees are planted all along the mass media is
streets. If we enter the settlement, harmonic nuance is covering the alley and small streets. Community great in en-
manages their environment and waste already at the household level. As a result, it significantly reduces couraging
the waste generation in Surabaya. This condition cannot be separated from community's willingness, pri-
vate support, NGOs and city government itself. Even the political commitment of the city in handling community.
the environment, cleanliness and green is poured into Local Regulation No. 1 year 2006 on Local Mid Imagine if a
Term Development Planning (RPJMD) of Surabaya 2006-2010. Inside of this regulation they put communi-
ty based solid waste management program. What are the recipes and how does the Surabaya City
village is pub-
Government persuades the community to manage their waste? lished in a
Following is the interview of Percik with the Major of Surabaya, Drs. Bambang Dwi Hartono, M.Pd. newspaper,
they will be
ow can the city government afraid of getting the penalty. thrilled.
H integrate community based
solid waste management program What is the distinctive penalty How big is the fund allocated for
(CBSWM) as part of policy/concept for loitering? CBSWM and its proportion toward
of solid waste management? We will keep their ID card. The regu- the entire fund for Solid Waste pro-
The strategy and concept is by reduc- lation is being prepared. Citizens are gram?
ing the waste from its source, which are afraid if their ID card is being restrained The amount of fund is relative. We
household and industry. For that, we give because they will have difficulties in get- cannot handle waste problems with fund
education to the community through ting driving license, marriage arrange- centralized on one department. For
environmental cadre. In 2007, there are ment, bank transaction or land transac- example, every year, we send students
10,000 cadres and by end of 2008, they tion. Therefore, they will think twice from elementary to high school to join
reached 23,000. We will continue to before loitering or put them in their pock- environmental training in Tawas with the
increase the number of the cadre so that et first. budget from Educational Department. So
someday, Surabaya will be their own do not think partially if you want to solve
environmental cadre. Have the city government waste problem. For 2009, the budget in
received any awards concerning Cleanliness and Gardening Department
How is the real image of commu- solid waste management? of Surabaya is 99 billion rupiah.
nity based solid waste management Actually we have no potential to
program in Surabaya? receive any awards. However, Surabaya Are there any special tips for
You can see for yourself. Let us be fair, always gets Adipura since 2006. This other city government to develop
Surabaya is clean now compared to other award is the form of appreciation from CBSWM?
cities. Not to mention the reduction of the central government towards the per- Togetherness and believe. Govern-
dengue fever and diarrhea cases. Those formance of local, especially public ser- ment should always encourage communi-
are the diseases cause by improper envi- vice. We have received several interna- ty to solve the problems with believe as a
ronmental management. tional awards from Green Apple in 2006, base. If only counting on government
Institute for Global Environmental while the community does not care, it will
Are there any significant obsta- Strategies (IGES) and United Nations be useless. But with the deve-loped com-
cles? Economic and Social Commission for munity, it will be easier. „ Bowo Leksono
Behavior. However, Surabaya is rela- Asia and Pacific (UNESCAP) in 2007.
tively progressing. The indicator is, every
month I get complaints from people who One of the lessons learnt from
get penalty for loitering. From 20 people, Surabaya is that the CBSWM can be
only 2 or 3 are original citizens of integrated with the city scale solid
Surabaya. Surabaya citizens are already waste management. How can this
aware of this, maybe because they are condition be achieved?

12. 10 Percik
May 2009
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
dr. H. Jusuf Serang Kasim
"Action is more Important than
Ceremonial"
160 tons daily. Are we going to create pointless to have the ceremonials while it
mountains of wastes or manage them? is not sustainable.
There are 500 environmental warriors
who conduct solid waste management by One of the interesting activities
composting with Takakura Method since is Incentive Pattern for community.
we are having cooperation with Kitakyusu Is it effective in reducing the waste
City Government, Japan. So we have generation?
turned the mountains of wastes into Yes, of course. Incentive can make its
mountains of fertilizers. beneficiary motivated. For 'yellow army'
we give them 13th salary. Every city
ou don't mind if we have the inter-
"Y view in the car? If not then let's go
to my car," dr. H. Jusuf Serang
Kasim, Major of Tarakan says to Percik after
Are there any umbrella regula-
tions for community based solid
waste management programs?
anniversary, we invite them for dinner to
raise their motivation that they are the
heroes of the city.
a meeting in Bappekot Tarakan. It is almost Regulations become unimportant
end of his period being a major, but seems when they are not implemented. How is the cooperation scheme
like he still have endless work, even dealing
Everybody can make regulations, but only between government and non-gov-
with solid waste.
One night, after coming back from few who can implement it. Yes, Tarakan ernment in CBSWM?
Jakarta, Jusuf saw scrapheap in front of a has local regulation No. 13 Year 2003 on It is varied. This kind of cooperation is
rich person's house. He took the waste and orderliness and cleanliness of the city. city's favorite. There is one street for 3,8
put it in his car. What this major did was a However, it is not easy to uphold the reg- km length, and we cooperate with private
smooth satire for his citizens. So, how dr. H.
ulations if it is not come from the heart. sector to maintain its cleanliness for 8
Jusuf Serang Kasim did community based
solid waste management in Tarakan, below million a month. Above that, we have to
is the result of the interview. How big does the budget alloca- get support from the community at all
tion for CBSWM? times, otherwise it will not work.
ow far does the City I do not remember precisely, but the
H Government of Tarakan has budget for Cleanliness and Gardening What is the role of the communi-
made community based solid waste Service is around 7 billion rupiahs. ty in this cooperation?
management (CBSWM) as part of It is the awareness to throw the waste
solid waste management concept? How is the concept of solid waste into its place and time. It is simple. If they
In the beginning of period of my work management developed by City want more, they can manage it together,
in 1999, the city has plenty of waste scat- Government of Tarakan? that is for the beginning.
tered in the streets, and there were only 3 When we do not have mountains of
dump trucks. Therefore, I took the liber- wastes, no more waste in the street, 3R Are there any special tips in
ties to borrow community fund of 1,3 bil- principle is working, then we are done. CBSWM that can be used by other
lion rupiahs. I deposit the fund and use However, maintaining community local government?
the interest to rent dump truck. For 1,5 awareness on solid waste will always be The point is there should be aware-
months, I only took care of waste in the our duty. ness from government and local assembly
public areas and only spent 2 hours in (DPRD) that without community involve-
office. Nowadays, waste generation in Has the CBSWM become official ment CBSWM will not work. Second,
Tarakan reaches 400 m3 or around 150- program of the city government? train the community as early as possible
Here is the thing, if it is possible, there like teaching elementary students for sep-
are no more officials, nor ceremonials, arating waste so that one day, they will
actions are more important. We do not have awareness for their environment. „
use any ceremonials for our solid waste Bowo Leksono
management program in this city. It is
* Starting 1st of March 2009, dr. H Jusuf S.K had
finished his term as Mayor of Tarakan

13. Percik
May 2009 11
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
Silvi Tirawaty
Corporate Responsibility
Towards Environmental Condition
How do Uli Peduli and community involved? And
Unilever Peduli Foundation (Uli Peduli)
was founded in November 2000 to conduct how is the cooperation with city government?
corporate social responsibility (CSR) pro- It can be said that Unilever is an initiator. The programs con-
grams of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. One of ducted in every city are always involving mass media and local
the implementations of CSR is the attention
towards environmental condition, beside government. There are several NGOs we worked with. We real-
hygiene, public health and nutrition. ize that multi stakeholders' cooperation is very important. Local
In the beginning of Green and Clean government provides facilities, mass media provide space for
program back in 2001, Surabaya is chosen as
pilot project and is sustainable up until now. campaigns and publications, while community enthusiastically
Furthermore, the program is replicated in welcomes the program. So everybody is contributing.
the other big cities in Indonesia. In 2006, the
program was held in Jakarta, 2007 in
Yogyakarta, 2008 in Makassar and 2009 is in What community contribution needed in Uli Peduli
Banjarmasin and Bandung. Photo: Bowo Leksono programs?
What is the expectation of PT. Unilever We expect full involvement and participation from the com-
Indonesia as a producer of household goods with the implementation if its
CSR programs? Below is the interview with the Environment Program munity. Initially, it started with trainings for the representatives
Manager PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, Silvi Tirawaty. of the community neighborhood (RW) which will be the agent of
change in their respective areas. They, then, will give further
trainings to their community. Afterwards we will have competi-
hat motivates Unilever Peduli Foundation to be tion. So, what we expect from the community is of course the
W involved in CBSWM? Is it related somehow with
the business?
implementation of the program. Because what they are doing is
actually for themselves.
Yes, Unilever as producer produce packaging, so it is our
responsibility to handle the waste. We give education to commu- How long does it take from the CBSWM preparation
nity that this packaging should not be a waste since it can be to its operational?
reuse. We admit that it related with Unilever's business. It has no Every city has different potential to conduct the program.
direct impact to the sales, but more to the corporate image, com- The important is city stakeholders' commitment. With high
pany's reputation, since what we are doing is our responsibility commitment and awareness, this program can be started in 3-5
to the environment. months. But this program is designed to be sustainable, so that
the community will have it by themselves.
Are there certain budget allocations in Unilever's
CSR for CBSWM? How effective does the CBSWM program in reduc-
Unilever's CSR budget goes to the Unilever Peduli ing solid waste generation?
Foundation. However, it cannot be partially calculated because It is very effective. Most of the community has already recy-
it is combined with Unilever's business. For example, when we cled their waste, although it is not 100%, but it is increasing. In
issue a campaign on hand washing with soap, it is part of the Surabaya, the major stated that the program reduced the total
business, the same with commercial on solid waste management waste by 10%. However, is the parameter community awareness
in the community. or city waste generation.
Are there any special criteria in selecting the loca- What are the obstacles faced and how is the oppor-
tion for CBSWM? tunity in making CBSWM as government's program
Basically, every city has its own waste problem. However, but conducted together with community and private
Unilever has its limitation and cannot go to every city. We prefer sector?
big cities with complicated solid waste problem rather than We like to call it as challenge. Every city has its own
small cities. In that case, community development will have sig- potential challenge. „ Bowo Leksono
nificant influence on the city waste problems.

14. 12 Percik
May 2009
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
Risa Bhinekawati
Concern on Solid Waste from
Traditional Market
of the poor conditions in the traditional While government has to make the analy-
market. Traditional markets are identical sis on the necessity including total waste
In Indonesia, there are plenty of with sloppiness, dirt and smell which generation per day, provide and facilitate
opportunities to implement corporate
social responsibility (CSR) programs. made people are reluctant to shop there the space, having local coordination,
Cleanliness and health of the traditional and tend to choose the modern ones. obtaining permission and socialization.
market is one of the fields. Danamon
Bank is working in this sector through its
program Danamon Peduli. In 2007, What is the relation between How does the community con-
Danamon Peduli was having Go Green CBSWM with Danamon Bank busi- tribute then?
program in tra- nesses? The community contributes in chang-
ditional market
in Ciputat, It is much related since more than ing their behavior into more environmen-
Jakarta. From 800 of our branches are located in 1.500 tal friendly. The basic thing will be sepa-
that program, traditional markets all around Indonesia. rating between organic and inorganic
they found the
idea to turn Therefore, the improvement on the mar- waste.
traditional ket community is also a social investment
market's waste for Danamon. How long does the program
into compost.
In the same take?
Foto: Bowo Leksono
year, Danamon Are there any special budget Around three to eight months. It
Peduli in cooperation with local govern- allocations for CBSWM in depends on the local government's prepa-
ment of Bantul and Sragen as pilot proj-
ect manages the wastes from the tradi- Danamon's CSR? ration.
tional markets. The success in these two Budget allocation for CSR Go Green is
locations has been heard in other traditional market's organic waste con- How effective does the CBSWM
places. Therefore, this year, there are
31 traditional markets in Indonesia who version into organic fertilizer with high in reducing the waste generation?
are running the solid waste management quality. For 2008 we put 2,5 billion or Every composting unit is able to con-
program. Executive Director of 21% of the total CSR budget. While for vert 3-5 tons of organic waste into 1,2-3
Danamon peduli Risa Bhinekawati is
sharing the experiences with Percik this year is allocated for 2,1 billion. tons of organic fertilizer per day.
about their solid waste management for Therefore, the units operate in 31
traditional markets in Indonesia. What criteria putted into consid- cities/regencies are able to convert 60-
eration in selecting CBSWM loca- 120 tons of organic waste into 24-48 tons
tions? of high quality organic fertilizer every day.
F
or what consideration does Danamon Peduli only cooperates with „ Bowo Leksono
Danamon Peduli involved in local government who has full commit-
community based solid ment in succession and sustaining the
waste management in traditional program.
markets?
Nowadays, there are 18.450 tradition- What is the role of Danamon Name: R
is
al markets in Indonesia. From those Peduli and how is the coopera- Place an a Bhinekawati
d Da
numbers, there are 12.650.000 sellers, tion with local government? Februar te of Birth: Pon
Husband y 2nd 1966 tianak,
:
which are significant numbers. However, Danamon Peduli is designing the Children Adhyasa Yuton
: o
the cleanliness, health and comfort of project, providing machinery and Educatio Rifqi Satya Adh
n yasa (13
- Econ : )
those markets are poor which made the compost house as well as opera- omic Fac
(1992) ulty, Un
iversitas
increase of economic pillar is falling. AC tional training, monitoring and - Aust
ra
Indones
ia
Nielsen survey stated that the fall reaches evaluation and replicates it at - Geor lian National Un
ge Wash iversity
Career: ington U
approximately 8,1% per year compared national level. Total contribution niversity (1999)
- Vice (2006)
Presiden
with modern markets which increases by by Danamon Peduli is around Organiz t of
- Chief ation Er Human Researc
31,4% per year. Waste is one of the causes 80-100 million for each area. O icsson h&
- Head perating Offic
of Corpo er UND
Indones rate Aff P
ia airs Unil
ever

15. Percik
May 2009 13
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
Compost House RW 11 Cibangkong:
THE POOR PIONEER
ar before the tragedy of waste slide
F in Leuwigajah final dumpsite,
Bandung on 2005 which killed
147 people, the community in RW 11
Cibangkong Village, Sub district of
Batununggal, Bandung, West Java since
1998 already initiated solid waste man-
agement in their area.
It means, what this community been
doing is reducing the waste generation in
Leuwigajah final dumpsite. If all the citi-
zens of Bandung manage their waste in a
community or household level, the tra-
gedy would have been avoided.
In the beginning, Center of Settlement
Research and Development (Puslitbang-
kim) of the Public Work Department
made pilot project in this area because it
is a densely populated slum area and
flood occurs quite often because there are
two rivers surrounding the area. They The condition of Composting House in RW 11 Kelurahan Cibangkong, Kota Bandung is
were chosen to get assistance in manag- really disheartening. Photo Bowo Leksono
ing their solid waste.
Until finally the Community
Representative Institution is formed in is no budget to pay the workers. Cibangkong who stand up to build the
RW 11, Kelurahan Cibangkong which will "Ideally, to manage waste from an RW compost house, is regretting the Local
supervise the implementation of solid requires six workers. Two of them should Government of Bandung for giving any
waste management in the respective area. distribute the compost and observe the helps. "Furthermore, there are equip-
They have got visits from foreign coun- field," says Wijiman (53), compost house ments from the provincial government
tries and provinces in Indonesia. coordinator, who has been loyal since the which are still held by the city govern-
Furthermore, the operator of the com- beginning of this program with his 3 ment," he explained.
posting house in RW 11 Cibangkong has workers. To understand more about the man-
been invited to be trainer in several areas. To fulfill the necessity of the needs of agement of the compost house in
At least, the community can be proud the compost house, Warjiman works very Cibangkong, below is the interview with
because they were the only one who con- hard in distributing the compost to the tea H. Andarusman who is also the chief of
ducts solid waste management in plantation in South Bandung and to the Cibangkong Community Forum (FWC).
Bandung. However, the pride needs to be organic farmer in Sapan, East Bandung.
followed by awareness on environmental In one day, Warjiman admits, the What encouraged you to work
cleanliness. compost house produces 5 quintals of on solid waste management sector?
compost for Rp 2.500 per 3 kilograms. As one of the community leader espe-
Poor "The farmers asked for all the compost we cially in RW 1, Kalurahan Cibang-
It has been more than 10 years, the can produce, but we cannot produce kong, I am with several
condition of the composting house is more than 5 quintals per day since there is
heartbreaking. The machinery to process no fund," he admitted.
the waste is not used anymore. They Meanwhile, Andarusman, one of
returned to the manual ways since there the community leaders in RW 11

16. 14 Percik
May 2009
„ I N T E RV I E W S „
since they have paid the retribution
community fee. This retribution fee has become
members were con- another problem as well. Each month,
cerned on the condition of this they pay Rp 1.000 and from 900
RW. This is a slum area with high density households, only 600 pay regularly.
population. Our waste was mountainous This is not enough to cover the opera-
because the City Cleaning Agency was tional and maintenance of the compost
hardly took it. Flood occurred most of the house.
time during rainy season. We are lucky to
get assistance from Puslitbangkim of Does the program collide with
Public Work Department in initializing government's program?
the compost house in Cibangkong. I don't think so, if it is, then we will not
do it of course. Even more, we are helping
How was the initial development the government especially the City Photo: Bowo Leksono
Name : Andarusman
of the solid waste management? Government of Bandung because we can Place,Date of Birth:
Since the beginning of this program in manage our own waste. However, we Cibangkong, 17 Agustus 1935
1998, we got assistance from haven't got any form of support from the Wife : Hj. Rusminah (RIP)
Children : 14
Puslitbangkim on converting solid waste city government. Grandchildren : 20
into compost. The community disagree Education : Sekolah Guru Pendidikan Teknik (SGPT)
because they were afraid of the smell from Did you get any support or help Carrier : Chief of Examiner Electric Company of
Bandung (until 1990)
the dumpsite since they live in a densely from outside such as government,
area. After several explanation and clarifi- private or another party? If yes,
cation they agreed to have the project, what kind of support? and several countries came and learned
and it's proven to be useful for the com- Like I said before, we haven't got any compost in Cibangkong. Even Cimahi
munity. Every two days, workers from the support from the city government and the Regency who learned from us has been
compost house take the garbage from the program has been running for 10 years more forward than we are now. The basic
temporary dumpsite on each RT to be now. We only got initial support from requirements to have a successful pro-
treated in the compost house. Puslitbangkim of Public Work gram are honesty, openness and trans-
Department. We hope that the city gov- parency, especially in financial manage-
Is it effective in reducing the ernment will have concern on our activity ment and its result.
solid waste generation? since it helps them. We haven't got any
Of course, it can be seen now that support from private sectors or NGOs. Does community involvement
there is no waste accumulation in our University of Pajajaran Bandung once need to be accommodated in Local
area. All the waste are transported and gave us a hand on renovating the compost Regulation?
processed in the compost house. house and Bandung Institute of I think it is necessary. Because what
However, it is such a pity that other RWs Technology (ITB) was doing a research on city government's doing now is only pro-
are still burning their waste and create what we are doing. moting awareness, but if there is one suc-
pollution. cessful area, the city government does not
What do you think is the main give any support.
Were there obstacles faced in factor in determining the success of
involving the community? this activity? What benefits are felt by the
We are still trying to reduce the I will not say that our program is a community?
load of the compost house by asking success. If it is, the community will feel it. The benefits are enormous. The first
the community to separate their solid We still have problem with community thing which can be directly observed is
waste into organic and inorganic. We awareness, since some of them are still clean environment, since there are no
have even already provided the con- lacking it. We still also need fund support waste accumulations. Besides, we can cre-
tainers for it and Takakura basket so and compost distribution, but we are ate work opportunities and manage waste
that the housewives can produce com- working on it. from one village if Cibangkong. However,
post in their own houses. However, the benefit will be more if we can
some are quite active in supporting the If the program is going to be distribute the compost. „
activity, but a lot more are still igno- implemented in other areas, what Bowo Leksono
rant. They feel like it is compost requirements are needed?
house's work to separate the waste A lot of parties from all over Indonesia

17. Percik
May 2009 15
„ R E G U L AT I O N „
Implementation of Community
Involvement Pursuant to
Act No. 18 Year 2008
s the growing population and weak and failed not only to the envi- law enforcement, responsibilities, role
A the changing on people's con-
sumption pattern, solid waste
generation has multiplied every year.
ronment, but to the community
around the dumpsite.
It is still fresh in our mind the dis-
of government (local and national) and
private are vital to the proportional,
effective and efficient solid waste ma-
It is not only the amount of waste but aster in Leuwigajah, a final dumpsite nagement. In doing so, the govern-
also types and characteristics. in Cimahi, West Java which cause hun- ment and community feel the needs of
Meanwhile, solid waste management dreds of casualties. There is another Solid Waste Act.
method is still with old fashioned way- example in Integrated Solid Waste The establishment and launch of
disposed into final dumpsite. Dumpsite (TPST) Bojong, Bogor, West solid waste act is meant to get a useful
Different problems arouse and not Java and Bantar Gebang Final and powerful, healthy, clean and envi-
only cleanliness and environmental Dumpsite in Bekasi which became ronmental friendly solid waste man-
pollution, but also social problems headlines in newspapers. agement system.
such as community's dispute around Solid waste has become national Important matters arranged in this
the final dumpsite. Furthermore, concern; therefore it is required to act are the shifting of paradigm in solid
almost all both big and small cities do manage it in a comprehensive and waste management; from collection,
not have proper solid waste manage- integrated ways from upstream to transportation and disposal to 4 R
ment. downstream to give maximum benefits principles (reduce, reuse, recycle and
Most of the treatments are the on economic, health, and environment recover).
same, collect-transport-dispose, a tra- safety, as well as changing communi- Before the birth of Act No. 18 Year
ditional system which should be ended ty's behavior. 2008 about solid waste management,
by now. This system is proven to be In solid waste management sector, stakeholders in do not have strong
foundation in this sector. On April 9th,
2008, the draft for the act was
approved by the House of
Representative of Indonesia.
This act is a proof of government's
effort in raising the community's
health and environment condition in
Indonesia and become the guideline of
national policy in solid waste manage-
ment.
Solid Waste Management Para-
digm
Section 4 stated "Solid waste man-
agement is aimed to increase commu-
nity's health and environment quality
and to convert waste into
resource".
Garbage will have economical value by turning it into compost fertilizer. Photo Bowo Leksono

18. 16 Percik
May 2009
„ R E G U L AT I O N „
Since the launch of the act, solid This regulation is stated in section will be followed by government's regu-
waste management in Indonesia has 12 article (1) "every person in house- lation and local regulation.
entered a new paradigm. All parties are hold solid waste management and sim- Solid waste stated in this act con-
responsible, starting from the commu- ilar to household waste is responsible sists of household's waste, similar to
nity, government or other stakeholders in reducing and manage the waste in household's waste, and specific waste.
involved in solid waste existence. an environmental friendly ways". Every person planned to conduct solid
All this time, most of the communi- Meanwhile, section 13 stated "the waste management service should
ties are still trapped in the old collec- developer of settlement, commercial, obtain permit from local authority pur-
tion-transportation-disposal system. industrial and special areas, public suant to the responsibility. Major can
The new paradigm views waste as facility, social facility and another decide administrative penalty to waste
resource which has economic value to facility are responsible in providing management service that disobey the
become energy, compost, fertilizer or waste separation facility". permit regulation.
industrial material. In another words, the act has forced Central and local governments are
community to recycle in their waste obligated to fund solid waste manage-
Solid Waste Management Res- management. If they are not, penalty ment activities. Community might be
ponsibility will be given pursuant to the regula- involved in solid waste management
In order to have a comprehensive tion. activities held by local and or central
and integrated solid waste manage- Another interesting part of this act governments. The involvement can be
ment, community's rights and respon- is dealing with the regulation for the in the form of :
sibilities as well as roles and responsi- producer is stated in section 14 and 15, z Suggestion, consideration and
bilities of the authority both national i.e. responsibilities for community; advice to local and or central gov-
and local in serving their civic duties, producers are responsible in managing ernment;
law umbrella is required in the form of their package which is difficult to be z Formulation of solid waste man-
act. naturally decomposed. Government agement policies; and
Solid waste management is held will apply reward and punishment z Advice and opinion in solid waste
based on responsibility, sustainability, mechanism to companies disobeying conflict reconciliation.
benefit, equality, togetherness, safety, the regulation. It applies to community Implicitly, the solid waste manage-
security and economic principles. as well as individual. ment act force the local authority to
In this act, government is not the manage their waste is they do not wish
only one responsible in solid waste Local and Central Government to be sued or be given penalty. Solid
management; community (household) Responsibilities waste management is local govern-
and private (as producer of packs Before the act is launched, although ment's responsibility.
which turned into waste) are also there were norms, standards, proce- Section 5 mentioned "central and
responsible pursuant to the regulation. dures and manuals on solid waste local governments are responsible for
management, firm regulation did not the implementation of good and envi-
exist in local (city/regency) and ronmental friendly solid waste man-
provincial government. All local gov- agement programs pursuant to the
ernments are based on their local reg- act".
ulation and created diverse solid waste Health and cleanliness of an area-in
management. solid waste context-depend on the will-
It was deteriorate with retribution ingness and interest of its local author-
and penalty problems to increase local ity. Supervision of the implementation
income and not putting effort on man- of solid waste management in this act
agement responsibility in handling is arranged in a leveled way as stated in
waste for civic needs. section 30, article (1) and article (2).
Through this act, the basis for Lines of responsibilities for local and
Environment around the house becomes
improvement in solid waste manage- central government are stated in this
greener and fresher. Photo BORDA ment in Indonesia is started. The act act.

19. Percik
May 2009 17
„ R E G U L AT I O N „
It is everybody's expectation that
the solid waste problems in this coun-
try will be lowered with the act.
Hopefully, in the future, Indonesia will
be bothered with solid waste problems,
but even provide job opportunities in
this sector.
Meanwhile, in section 289 H article
(1) UUD 1945 provide the rights for all
people to get a good and healthy living
environment. This statement has
brought consequence that government
I obligated to provide solid waste man-
agement service.
Government is the authority and
responsible in solid waste manage-
ment even though in the operational
and maintenance may involve commu-
nity and partnered with company in Solid waste management starting from houshold level. Photo BORDA
solid waste sector. Besides, solid waste
organization and community group has been proven to be effectively run- ronmental safety and change commu-
can also be involved in solid waste ning the program better and more suc- nity behavior.
management activities. cessful especially when they are Local government should be careful
Community Involvement in Solid involved since the beginning. This since community may use their rights
Waste Management activity can be done to increase the in getting better solid waste facility.
In Act No. 18 Year 2008 about solid solid waste management in settlement Furthermore, community can propose
waste management, it is stated that area through local community devel- a law sue if they feel that they are los-
community can and should participate opment, which can be replicated in ing their rights. The implementation of
in solid waste and similar to solid other areas. this act has brought consequence to
waste management, in waste reduction Community Based Solid Waste the local government to re-arrange
(limitation, reuse and recycle) and Management (CBSWM) is solid waste from policy, method, technique or
solid waste management (separation, management system which is planned, even regulation aspects.
collection, transportation, treatment arranged, operated, maintained and Hopefully, with the involvement of
and final process). owned by community. The objective is all, solid waste problems can be solved.
Before, community involvement in to have self-help community in keep- The important thing is there is aware-
solid waste management has been ing the cleanliness of the environment ness from all parties that they are part
arranged in Public Work Minister through environmental friendly solid of this environment where they live
Regulation No. 21/PRT/M/2006 waste management. CBSWM princi- and they will have environment love in
about policy and strategy on solid ples are: community participation, their heart. „
waste management system develop- self-help, efficiency, environmental Ujang Solihin Sidik
Chief of Waste Management
ment. protection and integration. Environmental Ministry
Community based solid waste man- Act No. 18 Year 2008 about solid
agement is one of the strategy from the waste management regulates solid Resumed by
policy (2) in minister Regulation No. waste management comprehensively Bowo Leksono and Ratna Kurnia Dewi
21/PRT/M/2006 on active role of and integrally from upstream to down-
community and private/company as stream to get economical, health bene-
partner in management. Community fits for the community as well as envi-