This document summarizes the measurement of arterial blood pressure. It defines systolic and diastolic blood pressure as the force exerted on blood vessel walls during contraction and relaxation. It explains that blood pressure is typically measured in the brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, by listening for sounds during inflation and deflation to determine the systolic and diastolic readings in mmHg. Finally, it outlines two methods for measuring blood pressure - palpation of the radial pulse to find systolic pressure only, or auscultation of the brachial pulse over the brachial artery to determine both systolic and diastolic pressure.
2. Blood pressure
• Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against blood vessel walls.
• There are 2 type of blood pressure : Systolic (Contraction) & Diastolic (Relaxation).
• There are 2 type of blood flow : Laminar or Stream line & Turbulent.
• The Laminar flow is the normal flow, and it doesn`t create sound.
• The Turbulent flow will create sound, because the blood flows violently.
3. Checking Blood Pressure
• The first sounds that are heard indicate systolic pressure (top number).
• When the sounds stop, diastolic pressure has been reached (bottom number).
• Average blood pressure is: 120/80 mmHg
• The Mean pressure can be calculated by the next equation :
Mean pressure = Diastolic BP + 1/3 × Pulse pressure.
Pulse pressure can be calculated as following : Systolic BP - Diastolic BP
• Usually the Mean pressure = 93 mmHg , and this is the actual pressure that push
the blood to the circulation.
4. Blood Pressure
• Systolic blood pressure :
- Normal range of systolic pressure : 90 to 140
- High normal range of systolic pressure : 130 to 140
- Low normal range of systolic pressure : 90 to 100
• Diastolic blood pressure :
- Normal range of diastolic pressure : 60 to 90
- High normal range of diastolic pressure : 85 to 90
- Low normal range of diastolic pressure : 60 to 65
• Systolic & Diastolic of blood pressure :
- Normal blood pressure (Systolic & Diastolic) : 120/80 mmHg
- High normal blood pressure (Systolic & Diastolic) : 140/90 mmHg (Hypertension)
- Low normal blood pressure (Systolic & Diastolic) : 90/60 mmHg (Hypotension)
5.
6. Blood Pressure measurement
• We can measure the arterial blood pressure by the
Sphygmomanometer with or without Stethoscope.
• The Sphygmomanometer has 3 types :
1- Mercury Sphygmomanometer.
2- Aneroid Sphygmomanometer.
3- Digital Sphygmomanometer.
10. Methods of measurement of ABP
• There are 2 method to measure the ABP :
1- Palpation :
Measure only the systolic blood pressure, without the stethoscope by
palpating the Radial pulse in the Radial Artery
2- Auscultation :
Measure the both.. systolic & diastolic blood pressure, with the
stethoscope by auscultating the Brachial pulse in the Brachial Artery
