Research Data Management: An Introductory Webinar from OpenAIRE and EUDAT
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OpenAIRE and EUDAT co-present this webinar which aims to introduce researchers and others to the concept of research data management (RDM). As well as presenting the benefits of taking an active approach to research data management – including increased speed and ease of access, efficiency (fund once, reuse many times), and improved quality and transparency of research – the webinar will advise on strategies for successful RDM, resources to help manage data effectively, choosing where to store and deposit data, the EC H2020 Open Data Pilot and the basics of data management, stewardship and archiving. Webinar recording available: http://www.instantpresenter.com/eifl/EB57D6888147
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Research Data Management: An Introductory Webinar from OpenAIRE and EUDAT
- 1. Research Data Management - an introductory webinar Tony Ross-Hellauer, OpenAIRE Sarah Jones, EUDAT This work is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 licence
- 2. Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe www.openaire.eu Who we are Research Data Services, Expertise & Technology https://www.eudat.eu
- 3. • Why manage data? • RDM in Horizon 2020 (+ recent changes) • How to manage and share research data? • EUDAT and OpenAIRE services Overview
- 4. WHY MANAGE DATA? Image CC-BY-NC-SA by Leo Reynolds www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/13442910354
- 5. Data explosion • More and more data is being created • Issue is not creating data, but being able to navigate and use it • Data management is critical to make sure data are well-organised, understandable and reusable
- 6. Digital data are fragile and susceptible to loss for a wide variety of reasons • Natural disaster • Facilities infrastructure failure • Storage failure • Server hardware/software failure • Application software failure • Format obsolescence • Legal encumbrance • Human error • Malicious attack • Loss of staffing competencies • Loss of institutional commitment • Loss of financial stability • Changes in user expectations Data loss Image CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 by Dave Hill https://www.flickr.com/photos/dmh650/4031607067
- 8. Why manage data? • Make your research easier • Stop yourself drowning in irrelevant stuff • Save data for later • Avoid accusations of fraud or bad science • Share your data for re-use • Get credit for it • Meet funder/institution requirements Because well-managed data opens up opportunities for re-use, sharing and makes for better science!
- 9. RDM IN HORIZON 2020 Image “Open Data” CC BY 2.0 by http://www.descrier.co.uk
- 10. EC Open Research Data Pilot, Jan 2015 - • A limited, voluntary pilot (initially 8 programme areas) with opt-out and safeguards • Participating projects must: • Keep a data management plan, to be updated at regular intervals • Deposit in an open access repository: 1. the data, including associated metadata, needed to validate the results presented in scientific publications as soon as possible; 2. other data, including associated metadata, as specified and within the deadlines laid down in the data management plan
- 11. EC Open Research Data Pilot Opt-out Reasons https://open-data.europa.eu/data/dataset/open-research-data-the-uptake-of- the-pilot-in-the-first-calls-of-horizon-2020
- 12. Just announced! H2020 - Open Data by Default from 2017
- 13. MANAGING & SHARING DATA
- 14. CREATING DATA PROCESSING DATA ANALYSING DATA PRESERVING DATA GIVING ACCESS TO DATA RE-USING DATA Research data lifecycle CREATING DATA: designing research, DMPs, planning consent, locate existing data, data collection and management, capturing and creating metadata RE-USING DATA: follow- up research, new research, undertake research reviews, scrutinising findings, teaching & learning ACCESS TO DATA: distributing data, sharing data, controlling access, establishing copyright, promoting data PRESERVING DATA: data storage, back- up & archiving, migrating to best format & medium, creating metadata and documentation ANALYSING DATA: interpreting, & deriving data, producing outputs, authoring publications, preparing for sharing PROCESSING DATA: entering, transcribing, checking, validating and cleaning data, anonymising data, describing data, manage and store data Ref: UK Data Archive: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/create-manage/life-cycle
- 15. • Findable – assign persistent IDs, provide rich metadata, register in a searchable resource... • Accessible – Retrievable by their ID using a standard protocol, metadata remain accessible even if data aren’t... • Interoperable – Use formal, broadly applicable languages, use standard vocabularies, qualified references... • Reusable – Rich, accurate metadata, clear licences, provenance, use of community standards... www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples FAIR data
- 16. A DMP is a brief plan to define: • how the data will be created? • how it will be documented? • who will access it? • where it will be stored? • who will back it up? • whether (and how) it will be shared & preserved? DMPs are often submitted as part of grant applications, but are useful whenever researchers are creating data. Data Management Plans
- 17. DMPonline A web-based tool to help researchers write DMPs Includes a template for Horizon 2020 Guidance from EUDAT and OpenAIRE being added https://dmponline.dcc.ac.uk
- 18. • Metadata and documentation is needed to locate and understand research data • Think about what others would need in order to find, evaluate, understand, and reuse your data. • Get others to check the metadata to improve quality • Use standards to enable interoperability Metadata & documentation
- 19. Metadata standards Use relevant standards for interoperability http://rd-alliance.github.io/metadata-directory
- 20. Where to store data? • Your own drive (PC, server, flash drive, etc.) – And if you lose it? Or it breaks? • Somebody else’s drive / departmental drive • “Cloud” drive – Do they care as much about your data as you do? • Large scale infrastructure services like EUDAT
- 21. How to backup? • 3... 2... 1... backup! – at least 3 copies of a file – on at least 2 different media – with at least 1 offsite • Use managed services where possible e.g. University filestores or infrastructure services like EUDAT rather than local or external hard drives • Ask IT teams for advice
- 22. Backup and preservation – not the same thing! • Backups – Used to take periodic snapshots of data in case the current version is destroyed or lost – Backups are copies of files stored for short or near-long-term – Often performed on a somewhat frequent schedule • Archiving – Used to preserve data for historical reference or potentially during disasters – Archives are usually the final version, stored for long-term, and generally not copied over – Often performed at the end of a project or during major milestones
- 23. Data repositories http://databib.org http://service.re3data.org/search • Does your publisher or funder suggest a repository? • Are there data centres or databases for your discipline? • Does your university offer support for long-term preservation?
- 24. A mistake in a spreadsheet led to dramatically different results from those published. These results were cited by the International Monetary Fund and the UK Treasury to justify austerity programmes. Had the data been shared, this could have been picked up earlier. The importance of sharing data
- 25. Concerns about data sharing Concern Solution inappropriate use due to misunderstanding of research purpose or parameters security and confidentiality of sensitive data lack of acknowledgement / credit loss of advantage when competing for research funding
- 26. Concerns about data sharing Concern Solution inappropriate use due to misunderstanding of research purpose or parameters security and confidentiality of sensitive data lack of acknowledgement / credit loss of advantage when competing for research funding metadata metadata metadata metadata
- 27. Concerns about data sharing Concern Solution inappropriate use due to misunderstanding of research purpose or parameters provide rich Abstract, Purpose, Constraints and Supplemental Information where needed security and confidentiality of sensitive data • the metadata does NOT contain the data • Use Constraints specify who may access the data and how lack of acknowledgement / credit specify a required data citation within the Use Constraints loss of data insight and competitive advantage when vying for research funding create second, public version with generalised Data Processing Description
- 28. Make data shareable • Create robust metadata that has been checked • Include reference information in metadata e.g. unique IDs & properly formatted data citations • Publish your metadata so it’s discoverable. Use portals, clearing houses, online resources… • Package up the data and associated metadata to deposit in repositories • License the data clearly
- 29. www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/license-research-data Licensing research data This DCC guide outlines the pros and cons of each approach and gives practical advice on how to implement your licence CREATIVE COMMONS LIMITATIONS NC Non-Commercial What counts as commercial? ND No Derivatives Severely restricts use These clauses are not open licenses Horizon 2020 Open Access guidelines point to: or
- 30. EUDAT licensing tool Answer questions to determine which licence(s) are appropriate to use http://ufal.github.io/public-license-selector
- 31. What to preserve & share It’s not possible to keep everything. Select based on: – What has to be kept e.g. data underlying publications – What can’t be recreated e.g. environmental recordings – What is potentially useful to others – What has scientific, cultural or historical value – What legally must be destroyed How to select and appraise research data: www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/appraise-select-research-data
- 32. EUDAT & OPENAIRE SERVICES Image CC-BY-NC ‘Data centre’ by Bob Mical www.flickr.com/photos/small_realm/15995555571
- 33. EUDAT services EUDAT offers a pan-European solution, providing a generic set of services to ensure minimum level of interoperability Building common data services in close collaboration with 25+ communities
- 34. EUDAT B2 service suite Covering both access and deposit, from informal data sharing to long-term archiving, and addressing identification, discoverability and computability of both long- tail and big data, EUDAT’s services will address the full lifecycle of research data
- 35. CREATING DATA PROCESSING DATA ANALYSING DATA PRESERVING DATA GIVING ACCESS TO DATA RE-USING DATA PIDs Referencing data: Finding data and making data findable Data Transfer from public data servers Store mutable data Accessing services Move data to HPC
- 36. OpenAIRE services: zenodo.org For all content types! With GitHub integration! Upload Describe Publish Create communities!
- 37. https://www.openaire.eu/search Link data to publications
- 38. OpenAIRE training and support materials • Briefing papers, factsheets, Webinars, workshops, FAQs • Information on: • Open Research Data Pilot • Creating a data management plan • Selecting a data repository https://www.openaire.eu/opendatapilot https://www.openaire.eu/support
- 39. www.eudat.eu www.openaire.eu Thanks – any questions? Contact us: Tony Ross-Hellauer, OpenAIRE: ross-hellauer@sub.uni-goettingen.de Sarah Jones, EUDAT: Sarah.Jones@glasgow.ac.uk Acknowledgements: Thanks to EUDAT colleagues Mark van de Sanden and Christine Staiger for slides. Content has also been repurposed from the DataONE Educational modules, ‘Data Management’ and ‘Data Sharing’ Retrieved from https://www.dataone.org/education-modules
Hinweis der Redaktion
- There are four main topics that we will discuss: Why manage data - The changing data landscape, looking at what issues this brings. Brief overview of evolution of EC’s RDM policies Secondly, we discuss considerations to make when managing and sharing data Finally we’ll touch on EUDAT and OpenAIRE services to show how support is provided throughout the lifecycle
- So let’s begin by looking at the changing data landscape.
- There’s been a data explosion. 1. 90% of all the data in the world has been generated over the last 2 years. 2. Scientific data output is currently increasing at an annual rate of 30%. As the amount of data being created now is growing exponentially, the biggest challenge is being able to navigate and use it. This is why data management is critical.
- Digital data are fragile. There are lots of ways in which data can be lost. Hardware and software can fail, formats can become obsolete, you can lose the knowledge and skills needed to understand the data, and you can lose the investment needed to keep the data accessible. Despite significant investment, data is not being managed effectively The current estimated total global spend on research and development is $1.5 trillion, which could be at risk. Much of the data generated is lost – in one study, the odds of sourcing datasets declined by 17% each year. The same study found 80% of datasets over 20 years old not available.
- Many experimentally established "facts" don't seem to hold up to repeated investigation. Several studies have shown alarming numbers of published papers that don’t stand up to scrutiny. Over half of psychology studies fail reproducibility test (61/100) – Nosek et al, Science, 2015 Causes of reproducibility not well understood – but can say that it is obvious that where the original data is available, accountability is increased – able to review where questions arise.
- There are lots of reasons to manage research data. Ultimately though, it’s to make your research easier. If data are properly documented and organised, you can stop yourself drowning in irrelevant stuff and find the data when you need it – for example to validate findings. By managing your data you can also more easily share it with others to get more credit and impact. You may also be required to explain how you will manage your data by your funder or university. Well-managed data opens up opportunities for re-use, integration and new science
- Let’s move on to the considerations to make when managing and sharing data
- Introduced at the start of 2015, covering just seven work programme areas, the Horizon 2020 Open Research Data Pilot has been a big success. In the first six months of the pilot, about a third of projects (65.4%, 431 signed grant agreements) that were part of the pilot chose to opt out. The most common reasons for opting out were: (1) concerns over intellectual property (37%), (2) the project did not expect to generate any data (18%), and privacy/data protection concerns (18%). Of those projects that were not originally part of the pilot, 11.9% (3268 projects) nonetheless have voluntarily opted in.
- Introduced at the start of 2015, covering just seven work programme areas, the Horizon 2020 Open Research Data Pilot has been a big success. In the first six months of the pilot, about a third of projects (65.4%, 431 signed grant agreements) that were part of the pilot chose to opt out. The most common reasons for opting out were: (1) concerns over intellectual property (37%), (2) the project did not expect to generate any data (18%), and privacy/data protection concerns (18%). Of those projects that were not originally part of the pilot, 11.9% (3268 projects) nonetheless have voluntarily opted in.
- Let’s move on to the considerations to make when managing and sharing data
- This research data lifecycle is taken from the UK Data Archive. It shows you the different processes and activities you’ll go through. Creating data: This is when you’ll design the research, write Data Management Plans, negotiate consent agreements, find any existing data you want to reuse, collect/capture your data and create any associated metadata Processing data: When processing your data, you’ll be entering, transcribing, checking, validating and cleaning it, you may also need to anonymise your data, you should describe it and make sure it’s properly managed and stored. Analysing data: when you analyse your data you’ll be interpreting it and creating derived data and outputs, you’ll probably also author publications and prepare the data for deposit and sharing. Preserving data: data repositories play a key role in preserving data: they will make sure it’s properly stored and archived, they will migrate the formats and storage medium and create associated metadata and documentation to explain any changes made Access to data: it may be that you share your data via a repository or handle access requests yourself. Either way, you need to establish copyright, decide who can have access and promote the data. Re-using data: data can be re-used in follow-up studies, new research, research reviews, to evidence findings or for teaching and learning. Try to keep an open mind about the different ways in which your data could be re-used and make it as open as possible.
- A Data Management Plan is often written early on in the research process to determine what data will be created and how it will be managed. Sometime you are asked for a DMP as part of a grant application, but they are useful to write regardless as it helps to develop consistent procedures from the outset.
- Metadata is needed to locate and understand the data. When you are deciding what information to capture, think about what others would need in order to find, evaluate, understand, and reuse your data. Also get others to check your metadata to improve the quality and make sure it’s understandable to others. Standards should be used where possible.
- To make sure their data can be understood by themselves, their community and others, researchers should create metadata and documentation. Metadata is basic descriptive information to help identify and understand the structure of the data e.g. title, author... Documentation provides the wider context. It’s useful to share the methodology / workflow, software and any information needed to understand the data e.g. explanation of abbreviations or acronyms There are lots of standards that can be used. The DCC started a catalogue of disciplinary metadata standards which is now being taken forward as an international initiative via an RDA working group
- There are lots of places you can store your data. You’re best to use managed services where possible as they’re more resilient. If you store data on standalone computers, memory sticks or in the cloud, be mindful of the risk of loss or security breaches.
- If you’re responsible for backing up your own data, you want to ensure there are multiple copies, on different media with at least 1 offsite. Where possible though, you should use managed services so the backup is done automatically for you.
- Remember that backup and preservation are not the same thing (though the terms are often used interchangeably). Backups are performed regularly to take periodic snapshots of the data for the short to medium term, whereas archiving is preserving the final version of the data for the long-term. You should make sure your data are backed-up during the active phase of research and that any data needed for the long-term are archived.
- It is also important to share your data where possible, particularly to evidence your findings. This article reflects on an inadvertent error in a economics paper by Reinhadt and Rogoff. Missing some rows out of an average gave drastically different results – what was published suggested that countries with 90% debt ratios see their economies shrink by 0.1%. Instead, it should have found that they grow by 2.2% – less than those with lower debt ratios, but not a spiralling collapse. This mistake wasn’t picked up on initially as the data hadn’t been shared. The mistake fed into government policy as the findings were used as justification for austerity measures in the UK and various other countries in the EU.
- Naturally, researchers may worry that the data will be taken out of context, misinterpreted or used inappropriately. They may also be concerned about maintaining the confidentiality and security of sensitive data. Business concerns may arise as well - will data users give proper credit and acknowledgement to the scientist? Will the scientist lose a competitive advantage by sharing this valuable resource? There are lots of reasons why researchers may be reluctant to share data, so what is the solution?
- Each of these issues can, in great part, be addressed by providing rich data documentation known as ‘metadata’.
- By providing metadata, the research scientist establishes the purpose, methods, sources and parameters of the data. As such, data users are given the information necessary to appropriately apply, protect and cite the data. If the metadata contains information about proprietary data processing or analysis techniques, the competitive advantage can be maintained by creating a second, more generalized, metadata record for public distribution.
- To make your data shareable, you should create robust metadata and seek a second a second opinion on this to ensure it’s understandable to others. Also include reference information so others can find your data and give you credit. The metadata should be published online and packaged up with your data to deposit in repositories.
- Guidance from the DCC can also help researchers to understand data licensing. This guide outlines the pros and cons of each approach e.g. the limitations of some CC options The OA guidelines under Horizon 2020 point to CC-0 or CC-BY as a straightforward and effective way to make it possible for others to mine, exploit and reproduce the data. See p11 at: http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/grants_manual/hi/oa_pilot/h2020-hi-oa-pilot-guide_en.pdf
- It might not be possible to preserve and share all your data, so you may need to make a selection. Some factor to consider could be what has to be kept, for example for legal reasons or to evidence findings, what is potentially useful to others or can’t be recreated. You may also be under obligation to destroy certain data due to consent agreements or commercial non-disclosure restrictions. The Digital Curation Centre has guidance on how to select what data to keep.
- Let’s close by looking briefly at the EUDAT service suite and how it helps with data management and sharing
- EUDAT offers a pan-European solution, providing a generic set of data services. These are being built in close collaboration with user communities.
- The services assist researchers to store, manage and process the data through-out the active phase of research, and also help to archive data and make it discoverable to others.
- The B2DROP service helps you to syncronrise and exchange research data like Dropbox; B2STAGE helps you get data to computation when processing and analysing data; B2SAFE helps you to replicate the data safely; B2SHARE is a repository to archive the data and share it with others; and B2FIND is a cataloguing service that allows you and others to find relevant data.
- Catch-all repository Multiple data types Publications Long tail of research data Citable data (DOI) Links to funding, pubs, data, software
- Should happen automatically thanks to our data-literature interlinking services But where it doesn’t, you
- Thanks