3. Outlines:
• Introduction
• Definition of breastfeeding
• Breast anatomy
• Milking physiology
• Benefits of breastfeeding
• Storage of breast milk
• Maternal diet
• Breastfeeding position
• Contraindications of breastfeeding
• Nursing interventions for breastfeeding
• References
4. Objectives:
1. Identify the definition of breastfeeding.
2. Describe the breast anatomy and the milking physiology
process.
3. Explain why breastfeeding is important to both (mother &
baby).
4. Discuss how the breast milk is storing correctly.
5. Explain how to educate the mothers about theirs position
during the breast feeding and theirs diet.
6. Identify what the contraindication of the breastfeeding.
7. Discuss the nursing intervention for breastfeeding
5. Introduction
• Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child
health and survival, globally, only 40% of infants under six
months of age are exclusively breastfed (WHO,2018).
• If breastfeeding were scaled up to near universal levels, about
820 000 child lives would be saved every year (Victora, et
al.,2016).
• Breastfeeding week ( WHO ).
6. Definition of Breastfeeding
• Is the process of feeding human breast milk to a child, either
directly from the breast or by expressing (pumping out) the milk
from the breast and bottle-feeding it to the infant (WHO,2021).
• Is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy
growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of
the reproductive process with important implications for the
health of mothers (WHO,2021).
7. Definition of Breastfeeding… Cont.’
• Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the optimal way of
feeding infants. Thereafter infants should receive
complementary foods with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years
of age or beyond (WHO,2021) .
10. Benefits of breast feeding
1- Breast-milk provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant
needs for the first months of life, and it continues to provide up to
half or more of a child’s nutritional needs during the second half of
the first year, and up to one third during the second year of life.
( WHO, 2021)
11. Benefits of breast feeding… Cont.’
2- Breastfeeding reduces the risk of acute infections such as
diarrhea, pneumonia, ear infection, influenza, meningitis and
urinary tract infection.
3- Breastfeeding protects against chronic conditions in the future
such as type I diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease.
4- Breastfeeding during infancy is associated with lower mean
blood pressure and total serum cholesterol.
5- Breastfed children perform better on intelligence tests, are less
likely to be overweight or obese and less prone to type 2 diabetes
during adolescence and adult life.
12. Benefits of breast feeding… Cont.’
6- Women who breastfeed also have a reduced risk of breast
and ovarian cancers.
7- Breastfeeding delays the return of a woman’s fertility.
8- Reduces the risks of post-partum hemorrhage, pre-
menopausal breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
14. Diet considerations for breastfeeding mothers
• Breastfeeding mothers generally need more calories to meet
their nutritional needs while breastfeeding. An additional 330 to
400 kilocalories (kcal) per day is recommended(approximately
2,000 to 2,800 kcal per day).
• Breastfeeding mothers may benefit from taking a multivitamin
supplement (iron and folic acid)
15. Diet considerations for breastfeeding mothers
• A mother’s need for iodine and choline increases during
lactation. Iodine can be found in dairy products, eggs, seafood,
or in iodized table salt. Choline can be found in dairy and
protein food groups, such as eggs, meats, some seafood, beans,
peas, and lentils.
• A mothers might consider consuming even less caffeine.
• Take vitamin B12 supplementation while breastfeeding for
mothers who eat vegan or vegetarian diets.
• Increase fluids intake
17. Contraindications to breastfeeding
• Infant is diagnosed with classic galactosemia, a rare genetic
metabolic disorder.
• Mother is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).
• Mother is infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus
(HTLV – 1/2).
• Mother is using an illicit street drug, such as PCP
(phencyclidine) or
• Mother has suspected or confirmed Ebola virus disease.
(Center of Disease Control and prevention (CDC),2021)
18. Contraindications to breastfeeding… Cont.
• Mother is taking certain medications. (Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) labeling all medication), database for all
medication is available at LactMed (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov).
• The mother is undergoing diagnostic imaging with
radiopharmaceuticals.
• Mother has an active herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection with
lesions present on the breast (Note: Mothers can breastfeed
directly from the unaffected breast if lesions on the affected
breast are covered completely to avoid transmission).
19. Contraindications to breastfeeding… Cont.
• Mother has untreated, active tuberculosis (Note: The mother
may resume breastfeeding once she has been treated
appropriately for 2 weeks and is documented to be no longer
contagious).
• Mother is infected with untreated brucellosis.
20. Nursing intervention
• Support mothers in their choice of feeding
• Initiation of Breastfeeding.
• Nursing staff will offer each mother further assistance with
breastfeeding within 6 hours of delivery. The mother should be
guided so that she can help the newborn latch onto the breast
properly.
21. Nursing intervention
• Educate the mothers about their own health and nutrition.
• During hospitalization, the mother shall receive instruction on
and be evaluated for nutritional guidelines( feeding frequency,
Indicators of adequate hydration and nutrition, positioning and
expression ).
• Document the breastfeeding process in the medical record.
• Breastfeeding babies will be weighed each day.
23. References
• C. Victora, R. Bahl, A Barros, G.V.A Franca, S. Horton, J. Krasevec, S. Murch, M. J.
Sankar, N. Walker, and N. C. Rollins. (2016), Breastfeeding in the 21st Century:
Epidemiology, Mechanisms and Lifelong Effect. The Lancet 387 (10017):475-490.
• World Health Organization, (2018), Guideline: Counseling of Women To Improve
Breastfeeding Practices. Geneva: Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
• Center of Disease Control and prevention 2021,Contraindications to Breastfeeding or
Feeding Expressed Breast Milk to Infants. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/contraindications-
to-breastfeeding.html
• Center of Disease Control and prevention, (2021), Maternal Diet. Retrieved from
• https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/diet-and-
micronutrients/maternal-diet.html
• Center of Disease Control and prevention 2021,Proper Storage and Preparation of Breast
Milk. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/recommendations/handling_breastmilk.htm
