💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
OEC Webinar: Air Quality & Your Health (part 1) - Erica Fetty & Sarah VanderWielen
1. Where Does It Come
From and How Is It
Tracked?
Presented by
Erica Fetty and
Sarah VanderWielen
2. Where Does Ozone Come
From?
• Ozone is not directly emitted into the
atmosphere
• Ozone is composed of Nitrogen Oxides and
Volatile Organic Compounds in the presents of
sunlight
• Because ozone forms in the air, it often shows up
downwind from the sources
3. Sources of NOx
• Each year the US emits approximately 19.4
million metric tons of nitrogen oxides
• Cars, Trucks, and Boats
• Fuel Combustion
• Power Generation (fossil fuel)
• Lightning
• Forest Fires
6. Future of Ozone
• EPA expects NO2 concentrations will continue to
decrease in the future as a result of a number of
mobile source regulations that are taking effect.
• Tier 2 standards for light-duty vehicles began phasing in during
2004, and new NOx standards for heavy-duty engines are phasing
in between 2007 and 2010 model years.
• Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati metropolitan areas are
currently non-attainment for 2008 Ozone Standard of 75 ppb.
7. Where Does PM Come From?
PM 2.5 comes from a wide variety of combustion
activities
• Fires
• Power Generation
• Cars, Trucks, Buses
• Off-Road Vehicles
http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/particulates.php
8. How PM 2.5 Forms
• Emitted directly from sources like fires
• Indirect chemical reactions happen in the
atmosphere when sulfur dioxides and nitrogen
oxides are emitted
• Chemical reactions account for the most fine particle pollution
• Power plants, tailpipes
http://www.baaqmd.gov/Divisions/Planning-and-Research/Particulate-Matter.asp
9. Future of PM 2.5
• 1997 Annual Standard of 15.0 µg/m3
• Waiting on areas to be redesignated attainment
• 2006 24-Hour Standard of 35 µg/m3
• Waiting on areas to be redesignated attainment
• 2013 Annual Standard of 12.0 µg/m3
• December 2013: State designation due
• August 2014: U.S. EPA publish purposed designations
for public comment
• December 2014: Final designation
10. Emissions Inventories
• Facilities that have the potential to emit certain
amounts of air pollution are required to apply for and
obtain a state-federal operating permit and pay
emission fees
• Permit establishes permitted allowable emission rates
• Major facilities must submit actual emission reports every year
• Synthetic Minor facilities report every year
• True Minor facilities report every two years
11. Emissions Inventories
• Ohio EPA data available for download
• Point sources
• Coal burning reports
• http://epa.ohio.gov/dapc/aqmp/eiu/eis.aspx
• U.S. EPA emissions inventories
• http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html
14. Monitoring
• Ohio has one of the most extensive monitoring
networks in the county
• Ozone
• 49 monitors
• Parts per billion
• Monitored hourly
• Particulate Matter
• 38 PM monitors
• Micrograms per cubic meter
• Air filters collected and reviewed at lab
• http://wwwapp.epa.ohio.gov/gis/mapportal/