2. Cell Organelles Your body is made up of may specialized organs that carry out all the processes needed to live In the same way, eukaryotic cells also have specialized parts called organelles that carry out specific functions
3. Cell Organelles All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive: Use energy Store materials Absorb materials Eliminate waste Transport substances Reproduce
4. Cell Organelles Each organelle has a specific function within the cell. The various organelles work together to meet the needs of the cell and the whole organism
5. Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is mostly made of water and can range from a liquid to a jelly-like substance All of the cell’s organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm
6. Cell Membrane The cell is surrounded by a flexible, double-layered membrane called the phospholipidbilayer This membrane also surrounds most organelles in a eukaryotic cell
7. Nucleus The nucleus contains genetic information that controls all of the cell’s activities The genetic information is stored on chromosomes, which contain the cell’s DNA
8. Mitochondria Mitochondria are the organelles that perform cellular respiration within a cell Cellular respiration: glucose + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
9. Mitochondria Cells that are very active (e.g. muscle cells) contain many mitochondria Cells that are fairly inactive (e.g. fat cells) only have one or two mitochondria
10. Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is a 3-dimensional network of tubes and pockets These fluid-filled tubes transport materials through the cell
11. Golgi Bodies Golgi bodies collect and process materials to be removed from the cell They also make and secrete mucus; cells that secrete a lot of mucus have many golgi bodies
12. Vacuoles A vacuole is a single layer of membrane enclosing fluid in a sac Functions include: Storage Removing unwanted substances from the cell Maintaining internal fluid pressure (turgor)
13. Organelles in Plant Cells Plant cells contain some organelles that animal cells do not have…
14. Cell Wall The cell wall is found outside of the cell membrane of a plant cell It is a rigid but porous structure made of cellulose The cell wall provides support for the cell and protection from physical injury
15. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is the pigment that gives plants their green colour Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + energy O2 + glucose
