Evaluation of a Major Project in Nigeria

1. A megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project. According to the Oxford Handbook of
Megaproject Management, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion
or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are
transformational, and impact millions of people". However, $1 billion is not a constraint in defining
megaprojects; in some contexts a relative approach is needed, such as in developing countries, where a
much smaller project (such as one with a $100 million budget) could constitute a megaproject.
Therefore, a more general definition is "Megaprojects are temporary endeavours (i.e. projects)
characterized by: large investment commitment, vast complexity (especially in organizational terms),
and long-lasting impact on the economy, the environment, and society".(Wikipedia, Megaproject 2022)
MEGA RESORTS PROJECTS
Moon-shaped mega resorts dubai ($5)
The project is meant to help visitors who don’t have connections to Jeff Bezos or Elon Musk experience
space tourism. The area around the resort’s lunar surface, dubbed the “lunar colony”, is designed to
evoke the sensation of being on (or at least very close to) the surface of the Moon. In addition, visitors
can plan to book one of 300 private boutique residences, known as sky villas, which will be housed in the
main building’s disc-shaped superstructure. Purchase a villa and you can access the private members’
club on the property. (Givens, 2022)
According to Arabian Business, Moon Dubai co-founders Sandra G. Matthews and Michael R. Henderson
said in a press statement that the project will have "significant impacts" on the tourism, transportation,
commercial and residential real estate, infrastructure, financial services, aviation and space, energy,
MICE, agriculture, technology, and education sectors of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) economy.
By virtue of its worldwide appeal, brand awareness, and unique numerous integrated offers, [it] will
become the greatest and most successful modern tourist project in the MENA area, doubling annual
tourism visitation to Dubai.
There is a nightclub, an event space, a public lounge, a spa, and a "moon shuttle" thattransports guests
around the property. The building is intended to be a focal point forfuture space mission planning by
space agencies and their personnel. It will take more than two years to build to its full height of more
than 735 feet. It is estimated that at least 2.5 million people will visit annually after the project is
finished.
Designers, design students, and researchers can use the critical thinking framework as a practical tool to
assess the merits of various claims and hypotheses. This allows us to make better decisions and
assessments by reducing the influence of prejudice, distraction, and other such variables.
The three fundamental tenets of the critical thinking framework are: (1) observing the situation to
acquire reasonable understanding, (2) asking questions to analyse andevaluate facts, and (3) locating
information that can be used to desig
WHOLISTIC FRAMEWORK
The term "holistic" is used to describe an approach that looks at the big picture while also considering
the smaller pieces. You can think of it as interdisciplinaryif you accept the premise that most social and
economic events defy simple explanation and require an approach that transcends the goals of a
singlescientific discipline.

2. In 1942, Walter Hunziker and Kurt Krapf were the first academics to add to thisidea by disputing the
view of tourism as purely commercial. They looked at itfrom a more holistic, human, and economic
perspective (Williams 2004). Leipermade another another ground-breaking discovery a few years later
(1979). He believes that a systems perspective is necessary to have a complete picture of tourism's
origins, destinations, revenue centres, hotspots, ecosystems, and flows.
Murphy (1985) stresses the significance of using a community-based, all encompassing approach to
tourist planning at the regional and municipal levels.People have to live with the decisions made by
authority, so they should have asay in how those decisions are made. An integrated strategy that can
address economic, ecological, and social systems has been advocated for in recent years.
THE ROLE OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN TOURIST RESORT DEVELOPMENT
There is always more than one group interested in the outcome of a project. People in this category
could be customers, specialists in the field, or financiers. A project's operational and financial strategies
benefit from having a stakeholder on board. Anyone who cares about the results of the project is
considered a stakeholder. Architects, town planners, engineers, quantity surveyors, builders, estate
valuers, the general public, developers, the local council, the local planning authority, etc. are all
examples of relevant parties involved in a building
THE DEVELOPER AND THE PLANNING TEAM
When I say "the developer" in this toolbox, I'm referring to anyone or any group with grand plans that
could have far-reaching effects on a neighbourhood. For the sake of this discussion, I will generalise
about all developers and treat them as a homogeneous group of businesspeople with a shared interest
in moving forward with major construction projects. In other contexts, the phrase can refer to
landowners or institutions as well. Large-scale housing projects, industrial or commercial developments,
or other similarly complicated schemes that may lead to developer contributions or infrastructure
improvements are all possible examples. By "small matters," I do not mean things like homeowner
applications, changes in use, or anything else that will not need the construction of new facilities
elsewhere.
THE DEVELOPER’S AGENT AND PLANNING TEAM
The "agent," who is typically a licenced town planner3, completes all application papers on behalf of the
developer or landowner and manages consultations with the planning officer and other consultees after
the application has been submitted and determined. When applying for elaborate plans, the agent will
act as project manager. In order to properly support an application for a complex project, it may be
necessary to conduct multiple specialised studies. Agents are responsible for coordinating the results of
these studies to compile substantial written evidence in favour of the programme and to craft
arguments forits approval.
THE LOCAL COUNCIL
In some cases, local councils are required to be consulted by the LPA on development projects in their
region.

3. The position of the Local Council in talks is among the most challenging. As we shall see, this is not the
greatest moment to seek amendments to a project, despite the fact that it has a statutory role in the
development process and is only formally consulted after the application has been submitted.
All residents of the area need to feel equally represented by the Local Council. Until the issue has been
discussed in a formal meeting and decided upon corporately, they should not adopt definite stances, in
contrast to the larger community as defined above. They are given extensive instructions on how to
keep an open mind until a final recommendation is made to the planning authority.
Multiple negotiations are required of the Local Council:
• Reach consensus on its approach to community planning as a whole.
• Work with the developer to identify and address any new issues as they arise.
• Reach consensus amongst its own council members on the optimal solution.
KADUNA GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SERVICE (KADGIS)
This is the state agency in charge of issuance of the Statutory Right of Occupancy as well known as the
Certificate of Occupancy. The procedures involves numerous stages, these stages include the submission
of a District Head Confirmation Letter from the district head of the particular district for the proposed
project site, a Sales agreement and evidence of proper mitigation between the developers and the
parcel owners, a Site Analysis Report done by a registered consultant to KADGIS, a Deed of assignment
by a registered law practitioner, payment and submission of legal and acceptable means of identification
to the organization, a recent unity bill of the applicant and application processing fee.
DESIGN CONCEPTUALISATION
An architectural, urban, or landscape design competition's end result should be superior to that of a
typical building or renovation project. It's goal is to improve city planning and building so that they
provide something useful to the people. Typically, a number of different architectural companies will
submit competing designs for a project, and a jury or panel will decide which one is the best based on
whether or not they attain design perfection. It is planned to solicit competing architectural proposals
for this prospective tourist attraction. Amongst many possibilities, the one with the highest aggregate
score will be selected.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
Involvement at all levels of the most important stakeholders is crucial for a successful governance plan
in project management. It shows that you value their input and are willing to act on their
recommendations. Project managers are accountable for creating plans that align with the company's
strategy and enforcing those plans across the enterprise.
PEOPLE

4. It's important to keep in mind that your intended outcomes must be specific enough to be attainable.
But how can we make sure that these objectives will actually be met? You do this by looking at
information gathered throughout completed initiatives. You break down what you set out to do and
how you did it for each of those initiatives. How challenging were they to accomplish? Did you require
special skills or additional resources to succeed? Using the insights gained from this research, you will be
better equipped to develop long-term objectives and then carefully craft the bemethods for achieving
those objectives.
FINANCIAL RISK
Getting your organisation to make more money on a project than it costs is a common goal for
managers, but it's not always easy to achieve. It's simple to go over budget if you don't provide the work
a thorough estimate. There will be additional costs associated with the project's timeframe and
budgetary constraints if there are many changes to the project. Financial risks can be mitigated by
meticulous planning and regular project monitoring.
PHYSICAL SAFETY RISK
In industries like construction and manufacturing, there is typically at least one physical safety risk
associated with project management. Because of the size of the machinery employed, accidents are
common on these sorts of projects if adequate precautions aren't taken. In addition, if you didn't adhere
to all the relevant requirements when planning and advancing the project, you could get in problems
with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
TECHNICAL RISK
Poor planning or a project manager taking on more than they can handle are common causes of
technical risk. Technical risk increases dramatically when a project manager accepts responsibility for a
task that requires more expertise than they or their team possess, or when they do not have sufficient
time or resources to complete the task. Issues can also arise if clients haven't clearly articulated their
expectations for a project, or if there is no reliable means to evaluate whether or not your work has
satisfied these expectations.
CONTRACTUAL RISK
To reduce uncertainty in projects, contracts and proposals should be carefully drafted and adhered to.
Not following the terms of the contract can pose legal consequences. A corporation would be in
violation of contract if, for instance, it failed to transfer title to the deliverables it had promised a
customer. Mishandling sensitive client information might potentially put you in breach of contract
danger. Finally, there is a risk of not following the contractual terms if the project team does not fully
grasp them.
EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS RISK
Is a form of economic uncertainty brought about by the actions of traders. Jon Danielsson and Hyun-
Song Shin first put forth the idea in 2002. There are two types of risk, referred to as external and
endogenous, respectively. Financial exogenous risk refers to shocks that come from outside the system,

5. such as an asteroid striking the planet. Individuals in the market will have an emotional response to the
shock but will not be able to affect it. Endogenous risk, on the other hand, is the product of the interplay
between market participants, who bring their own unique sets of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and
resources to the table. Endogenous risk includes, in particular, systemic risk.
FINANCIAL EVALUATION
Analysis of project costs and benefits. It's the process of looking into all the aspects of a planned project
to see how well it'll turn out in the long run. It is only via this preliminary assessment that the developer
can determine whether or not the project will be useful in achieving their goals. Before any money is
dispersed, a thorough financial analysis must be conducted. This is crucial because without it, numerous
financial risks associated with the project would go unconsidered, greatly increasing the likelihood of
failure. It's important to remember that because this assessment is predicated on projections, it can't
say for sure whether the project will succeed or fail.
CONCLUSION
As we have seen in this report, tourism is a complex system that is built up of industry sectors including
accommodation, recreation and entertainment, food and beverage services, transportation, and travel
services. It encompasses domestic, inbound, and outbound travel for business, leisure, or other
purposes. And because of this large scope, tourism development requires participation from all walks of
life, including private business, governmental agencies, educational institutions, communities, and
citizens. Recognizing the diverse nature of the industry and the significant contributions tourism makes
toward economic and social value to the universe is important. There remains a great deal of work to
better educate members of the tourism industry, other sectors, and the public about the ways tourism
contributes to our province and economic.
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