1. TAMADUN MELAYU

3. NUSANTARA

7. Ancient Malaysia - Negrito aborigines are considered to be one of the first groups of people to inhabit the Malaysian peninsula. When the Proto-Malays, made up of seafarers and farmers, came to the peninsula they sent the Negritos into the jungles and hills. The Proto-Malays came from China and were technologically advanced, especially in comparison to the Negritos. After the Proto-Malays came the Deutero-Malays, which were made up of many different people - Arabs, Chinese, Indians, Proto-Malays, and Siamese. The Deutero-Malays were proficient in their use of iron and when they united with Indonesians, they combined to make up the people known today as the Malay.

8. Lelaki dan wanita asli puak Semang The standard photograph of the time: a European between Negritos (fromLord Moyne, Walkabout: A Journey in Lands between the Pacific and Indian Ocean . London 1938).

9. House of Mentri Saada,Headman,Kuala Gadil,Sungai Jeram,Pahang

10. "Young Senoi man from Telum Valley, 1932, (c) photo taken by Paul B. Means"

11. Orang Melayu

12. Hindu Kingdom - 100 BC - 1400 AD - During this period, Malaysia's culture changed dramatically with the arrival of Indians. Indians initially went to the Malaysian peninsula in search of a mystical place known as the "Land of Gold." Although the places in Malaysia may not have been what they were looking for, they didn't leave, but continued to arrive in search of gold, spices and aromatic wood. In addition to trade (with goods), the Indians introduced Hinduism and Buddhism to the peninsula, thus bringing temples and other cultural traditions from India. As a result, local kings in Malaysia combined what they considered to be the best aspects of India's government with their own structure, thus resulting in "Indianised kingdoms." Today, the Indian influences can best be seen in a traditional Malay wedding ceremony, which is similar to those in India.

13. Islam and the Golden Age of Malacca - 1400 AD - 1511 AD - Chinese, Indian and Arab records show that Srivijaya to be the best trading area in the region. After seeing its great success, other areas quickly copied it thus causing a decline in Srivijaya's influence. Since the Hindu kingdoms of Malaysia weren't very strong and didn't have a central power, this caused a big problem for the region. Pirates were another problem that needed to be taken care of in order for there to be a safe, secure port. This problem was taken care of with the emergence of Malacca, which was in an ideal location, thus attributing to its great success. It was founded in 1400 and within 50 years it was a major port, actually the most influential in Southeast Asia and with alliances being built with other tribes and ports, Malacca was able to "police" the waters and provide an escort for vessels that needed it. With this success, Malacca quickly became the power in control of all of Malaysia's west coast.

14. Para pedagang Arab datang ke Melaka dan menyebarkan Islam di sana sehingga menjadi pusat penyebaran Islam di seluruh Nusantara pada abad ke 15 Masehi.

15. Colonial Malaysia - 1511 AD - 1957 AD - Malacca's power and success was quickly extinguished with the arrival of the Portuguese in 1511. Since the Arabians weren't allowing vessels piloted by non-Muslims into their harbors, the Europeans realized they needed a trading port of their own. Thus bringing about capture of Malacca and it's harbor. After conquering Malacca, the Portuguese built an immense fort which in turn was captured by the Dutch in 1641. In 1785, the British, who needed a port for their ships to dock while in route to China, persuaded the Sultan of Kedah to let them build a fort on Penang. After the French conquered the Netherlands in 1795, the Dutch allowed England to oversee the port of Malacca rather than turn it over the the French. This was the first in a series of "swaps" to and from each country regarding this area. Eventually, although it was finally given to Britain in a trade, the Dutch were the main controllers of the region. With the establishment of a port in Singapore, the British colonies (Malacca, Penang, and Singapore) came to be known as the Straits Settlements.

16. Fasa Penjajahan Aphonso d’ albuquerqur Penjajah Portugis yang tiba di Melaka dan memulakan era penjajahan bangsa Eropah di Tanah Melayu pada 1511 Masehi

18. England's monopoly on tin mining was tremendously helped with the Pangkor Agreement in 1874. This Agreement was the result of internal fighting among the Malay kingdoms over control of the Perak throne. The commotion that ensued prompted Britain to basically force the Malay rulers into signing the peace treaty. A result of this treaty was that England had greater control, which greatly helped them in maintaining their monopoly in tin mining. Britain's control continued until the Japanese invasion in 1942, although they tried to regain control after the end of World War II in 1945. This attempt was foiled by Malaya's independence movement under the guidance of Tunku Abdul Rahman. The British flag was lowered for good in 1957 in Merdeka Square (Kuala Lumpur).

19. Independence to the Present: 1957- Now - Malaya's independence brought about new decisions that needed to be made, the first decision being to ascertain which territories to include in the new state. "Malaysia" was a term brought up in 1961, when Tunku persuaded Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to combine with Malaya in a federal union. This didn't go over well with Indonesian president, Sukarno, who feared the impact of such a union on his plans to expand. He initiated several unsuccessful attacks against Malaysia. Since Malaysia is comprised of such a diverse mix of people, another problem the country faced with independence was determining their (Malaysia's) national identity. Although the majority of the population was Malay and as such they were given permanent positions in government and other perks, the Chinese were dominate in business and trade. Since most Malaysian's were not doing well economically, the government imposed some quotas that were designed to help the Malays improve their chances economically. The Chinese didn't like this and formed a political party that won a good number of seats in the next election (1969). The Malays protested this political win by erupting into riots throughout Kuala Lumpur, which for the next couple of years put Malaysia in a state of emergency. Malaysia has made tremendous strides in their growth and wealth. Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohammed, who has led Malaysia since 1981, is felt to be responsible for Malaysia's success.

20. Kemeredekaan Tanah Melayu pada 31 Ogos 1957 menandakan detik permulaan umat Islam di Malaysia terlepas secara rasmi dari cengkaman penjajah British. Apakah ia juga membawa maksud umat Islam di rantau ini merdeka sepenuhnya daripada penjajah tersebut?

29. Peta Negara China

30. Niu Jie Mosque, Beijing, China(1362, renovated 1978) Xian Grand Mosque

31. Sonjigang mosque in China

32. West Shanghai Mosque

33. The Id Gah Masjid in Kashgar, China Date Building Started: prior to 700 AD

34. Nearby the Drum Tower, in the Muslim residential area, there stands a famous Islamic mosque in China - Xi'an Great Mosque. Inscriptions from the stone tablets indicate that the Great Mosque, located at Huajue Lane, five minutes walk from the Drum Tower in the center of Xi'an city was originally set up in 742 AD during the Tang Dynasty.

36. The mosque in Hanoi is known as 'Indian pagoda'. Its Arabic name is Al-Noor masjid. It was built in 1890 and renovated in 1950 (see pictures). Its address is 12 Hang Luoc street, Kim Ma commune, Hoan Kiem dis., Hanoi.

37. This mosque was built in 1935 by the Indian Muslim traders who lived there. Masjid Saigon atau Dong Du Masjid

39. Cambodia's Cham Muslims cling to centuries-old culture November 29, 1997 Web posted at: 5:08 p.m. EST (2208 GMT) UDONG, Cambodia ( CNN) -- Living among the predominantly Buddhist Cambodians is a Muslim sect known as the Cham, whose members are trying to keep a centuries-old way of life. Every year, when they celebrate the birthday of founder Imam San, they also recognize their heritage. A decorated tree

40. The Cham of Udong decorate trees with ornaments that represent their ancestral beliefs. The religious and spiritual symbols, made from sugar-bread, represents the moon and stars, the Cham temple and calendar, and the Naga, or mythical water serpent. The symbols date back to the Cham empire, known as Champa, that until the late 1400s thrived in what is now southern Vietnam. In 1471, the Vietnamese invaded Champa, and Cham freemen and aristocrats fled to other parts of Southeast Asia. In 1975, about 250,000 Cham lived in Cambodia. But the rise of Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge regime decimated their numbers.

41. The Cham were forced from their homes, forbidden to speak their native language and forced to raise and eat pork, which violates their religious beliefs. "It was a trying time for us. We were told that Islam was nonsense. But the worst was when they forced us to eat pork and step on the Quran," one Cham leader recalled for The Cambodian Times. "My wife was given a pig to rear ... and when the pig died, they killed her," the man said. It is believed that 100,000 Cham were killed during the Khmer Rouge regime. Today, they trace their line of descent through their women, because more men than women were massacred from 1975 to 1979, creating a skewed sex ratio. Many Cham women now perform duties that once belonged to men.

42. The Cham practice a unique form of Islam, and have resisted pressure to change. The followers of Imam San call themselves Kaum Juma'at, or the Friday group, because they pray only once every Friday. Most Muslims must pray several times daily. "It is not necessary to pray five times a day or once a week. For prayer, you can pray or worship God whenever you want," said Sos Rahman, a follower of Iman San. Money from many Middle Eastern states has helped rebuild Cham mosques that were destroyed by the Khmer Rouge. But the Cham won't let the money sway their beliefs.

43. "This particular group of Chamshas faced some discrimination, especially by the Middle Eastern donors who try to force their beneficiaries to adopt a more Middle Eastern style of Islam. These Cham have refused to do so, clinging to their ancestral traditions and beliefs," said William Collins, an anthropologist in Southeast Asia. About 200,000 Cham live in Cambodia, near major cities, including Phnom Penh, and along the Mekong River. They survive by farming, fishing, building boats and light commerce. Their villages are extremely poor, and many homes are made of split bamboo, containing few adornments and domestic utensils. Many speak Khmer, Cambodia's official language, and are considered by some to be Cambodia's most accepted minority. According to Collins, this is because they are a non-confrontational people, and because, like the Cambodians, their land was taken by the Vietnamese.

44. Islam appears in Champa The mid-tenth century is also when we find the first concrete historical evidence that Muslims were in Champa. Chinese texts speak of several men with Muslim names: Pu Ho San (a Chinese transliteration of Abu al Hasan), who served as the ambassador of the Cham king in 951 AC and again in 960 AC when he wanted to present tribute or conduct some diplomacy with the Chinese emperor, Pu Lo E (Chinese transliteration of Abu Ah), who is said to have led approximately 100 foreigners from Champa (it is not known if these were Muslims or not) at a time of internal trouble; and Hu Xuan (Chinese transliteration of Hussain), who led 300 more northwards the following year.

62. The Great Baiturrahman Mosque is the main feature of Banda Aceh today. Built around 12th century, the mosque was burnt down at the beginning of the Aceh War and was rebuilt in 1875 taking its present shape after a number of renovations and expansions.