it is prepared by Nouman tahir. (14-CE-128) UET Taxila

1. GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE
BY: NOUMAN TAHIR
14-CE-128

2. LOCATION
The golden gate bridge is constructed on channel between san-
francisco bay and pacific ocean. This peninsula is 3 miles long
and 1mile wide. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco,
on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, to Marin
County, bridging both san-francisco and California State across
the strait.

3. Satellite view

4. GENERAL INFORMATION OF BRIDGE
Chief engineer
Joseph Strauss
Architecture
Irving Foster Morrow
Beginning of project
5 January 1933
Completion
28 May 1937
Cost
$ 35 million
Status
in use

5. Project type
 Structure
suspension bridge
It opened in 1937 and was, until 1964, the longest suspension main
bridge span in the world.
 function/usage
motorway bridge/ freeway bridge
 Material
steel bridge
 Color of bridge
international orange

6. Dimensions of bridge
main span 1 280 m
length of side spans 345 m
total length 2 737 m
Cables
number of cables 2
strands per cable 92
wires per strand 27 572
deck
deck depth 7.6 m
deck width 27 m
clearance/elevation 67 m
Tower
height 230 m

7. Dimensions
elevation
67m

8. Purpose of elevation
An elevation/clearance of 67m was given to allow the passage of massive and huge
ships under the bridge.

9. Material used in construction
cables
Cables are entirely made
up of steel.
Deck truss
Made up of steel using
rivets.
pylons
Made up of steels and sections are
joined together by using rivets.

10. Joining of sections by rivets

11. CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE

12. COMPONENTS
 The north pier, which supports the tower, was built easily on a bedrock ledge 6m
below the water.
 But on the southern San Francisco side, Strauss had to build his pier in the open
ocean, 30m below the surface.

13.  Steel frame and steel cables.
 weight-blocks which ballast the cable anchorage.
Provided for stabilization.
 Pier:
The pier, made up of 147,600 tons of concrete, was built in 37m of
open water. This was achieved by the concrete fender that in itself is a
marvel of construction; it is 108m long and 56m wide at the center line
of the bridge.
 Suspended cantilever construction.

14. Suspended cantilever construction

15. Construction challenges
 The bridge in this location should withstand brutal winds, tide, and fog.
 It is also located less than 13km from the epicenter of the most
catastrophic earthquake in history.
 There was high speed moving water at spot where south tower had to
be constructed. The construction of south side pier started from 30 m
below hard rock bed.
 Cable anchorage was a challenging task for engineers.

16. Fog and cable anchorage challenges

17. Loading on bridge
The most important types of loadings considered on the bridge construction are:
 Dead load,
 Super-imposed dead load,
 Live Traffic,
 Wind,
 Temperature
This bridge is designed constructed in a way that it can bear:
 90 mph of wind.
 8.0 intensity earthquake.

18.  Wage of workers
Every worker earned $4 to $11 per day.
 Workers died during construction
11 workers died during construction.
 Safety
A safety net was tied below elevations to avoid any loss of life. 19 lives were
saved by this net.

19. Visiting the bridge
The bridge is popular with
pedestrians and bicyclists, and was
built with walkways on either side of
the six vehicle traffic lanes. Initially,
they were separated from the traffic
lanes by only a metal curb, but
railings between the walkways and
the traffic lanes were added in 2003,
primarily as a measure to prevent
bicyclists from falling into the
roadway.

20. Suicides
The Golden Gate Bridge is the
second most used suicide
site/suicide bridge in the
world.

21. Brief glimpse of all aspects

22. THANK YOU