The Drone Wars: Warfare of the Future?

ROSA LUXEMBURG STIFTUNG
The Drone Wars:
Warfare of the Future?
Norbert Schepers

From the “Global War on Terror”
to the robot wars of the future?
Bildquelle:Reaper-Drohne mit Hellﬁre-Rakete [M by Michael Hahn], via www.theatlantic.com/technology

The Drone Wars
§ Drohnen as weapon systems
§ What are drones, drone strikes, drone war as a
new form of warfare
§ Reality of the drone strikes
§ Deployed in the global anti-terror war
§ Arms race for the war with robots

Drones as weapon systems
§ Unmanned, remotely controlled
§ Current models are not autonomous, future
models will be: robots
§ Asymmetric warefare, uncontested airspace
§ History
§ Crude froms of drones since World War I
§ Reconnaissance and surveillance (1970‘
-1990‘): Vietnam; Kosovo
§ Armed und massive deployment since 2001

Current drones / UAVs

U.S. Unmanned Aerial Systems
Figure 5. U.S. Medium-Sized and Large Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Source: Congressional Budget Office, Policy Options for Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Publication 4083, Washington,
DC, June 2011.
Notes: All aircraft are drawn to the same scale. The silhouette figure is a 6-foot-tall soldier, also drawn to scale.
Bildquelle: U.S. Congressional Research Service, Report Jan. 2012, via knowdrones.com

Predator
Bildquelle: U.S. Air Force/Lt Col Leslie Pratt, via www.wired.com/dangerroom

8
Bildquelle: General Atomics

Reaper
Bildquelle: U.S. Air Force/Paul Ridgeway

11

Global Hawk
Bildquelle: U.S. Air Force, via Wikimedia Commons

Heron
Bildquelle: ILA-boy, via Wikimedia Commons

Camcopter S-100
Bildquelle: MilborneOne, via Wikimedia Commons

0
0
2 10
Meter
Feet
864
10 20 30 3525155
X47C
Military Surveillance / Attack
USA
Sentinel
Military Surveillance
USA
Global Hawk
USA
Avenger
USA
Soaring Dragon
China
Eitan
Israel/Germany
X45C
USA
Mantis
UK
Barracuda
France/Germany
Reaper
USA/UK
Hermes
Israel
Hummingbird
USA
Fire Scout
USA Heron
Israel/India/Germany/Turkey
Herti
Surveillance
UK
WASP III
Military Reconnaissance
USA/NATO
Air robot
Domestic surveillance
UK
Raven
Military Reconnaissance
USA/NATO
AR Parrot
Consumer photography
USA
Killer Bee
Surveillance
USA
Rustom I
India
Harpy
Military Attack
Israel
Shadow
USA / NATO
Scan Eagle
USA / NATO
Predator
USA/Italy/Morocco/Turkey/UAE
nEUROn
France
Aeryon Scout
Domestic Surveillance
Canada
DRONE SURVIVAL GUIDE
FOR UNOFFICAL USE ONLY (FUUO)
Bildquelle: Drone Survival Guide http://dronesurvivalguide.org

Single aspects
§ Big Data, Death TV etc.
§ Proliferation
§ Armament programs
§ Surgical Warfare?
§ Perspective of the victims
§ Joy stick stress

Living under Drones
Bildquelle: http://www.livingunderdrones.org

Drones in the Global War on
Terror

Over 12 years War on
Terrorism...
§ „Global War on Terrorism“ (GWOT)
aka „Overseas Contingency
Operations“ (OCO)
aka „Countering Violent Extremism“ (CVE)
§ AUMF September 2001
§ Agenda neocons: Nationbuilding, power
projection, preemptive military action;
Iraq etc.

Public Law 107–40
107th Congress
Joint Resolution
To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible
for the recent attacks launched against the United States.
Whereas, on September 11, 2001, acts of treacherous violence were
committed against the United States and its citizens; and
Whereas, such acts render it both necessary and appropriate that
the United States exercise its rights to self-defense and to protect
United States citizens both at home and abroad; and
Whereas, in light of the threat to the national security and foreign
policy of the United States posed by these grave acts of violence;
and
Whereas, such acts continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary
threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United
States; and
Whereas, the President has authority under the Constitution to
take action to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism
against the United States: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This joint resolution may be cited as the ‘‘Authorization for
Use of Military Force’’.
SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—That the President is authorized to use all
necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organiza-
tions, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed,
or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001,
or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent
any future acts of international terrorism against the United States
by such nations, organizations or persons.
(b) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIREMENTS.—
(1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.—Consistent with
section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, the Congress
declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statu-
tory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the
War Powers Resolution.
President.
Authorization for
Use of Military
Force.
50 USC 1541
note.
Sept. 18, 2001
[S.J. Res. 23]
„Authorization for Use of
Military Force“ 14.09.2001

12 years of dirty war
§ Objective: to «capture or kill» «America's
enemies»
§ Instruments: covert warfare, black ops &
special forces, drone strikes, private
military contractors & mercenary armies,
global rendition program, global
surveillance program (dragnet & tailored).
§ Reorganization of intelligence activities
and special operations, especially JSOC.

JSOC: Joint Special
Operation Command
§ Since 1980 union of the U.S. special
forces, among others:
§ Delta Force
§ DEVGRU (United States Naval Special Warfare
Development Group; former Seal Team 6)
§ Air Force 24th Special Tactics Squadron
§ Army Intelligence Support Activity
§ Central role in the anti terror war, «capture
or kill» missions

The endless war
§ Stations i.a.
§ Afghanistan 2001 – Irak 2003
§ Afghanistan „the surge“ 2009/2010
§ Yemen, Somalia, Pakistan etc.
§ Course of the anti-terror war explains in
partly the parallel drones programs of the
CIA and JSOC
§ Close relationship between global
surveillance and targeted killing

Terms of the debate
§ Executive actions
§ Extrajudicial killing
§ Justiﬁable homicide
§ Targeted killing
§ Signature strikes
§ Disposition Matrix

Future drones
Bildquelle: U.S. Air Force/Rob Densmore, via Wikimedia Commons

US Navy: X-47B UCAS
Bildquelle: U.S. Navy/Andrew Johnson

UK: Taranis
Bildquelle: BAE Systems

Taranis (UK)
Bildquelle: BAE Systems

Neuron (F)
Bildquelle: Dassault

Neuron (F)
Bildquelle: Alenia Aermacchi

Barracuda (D)
Bildquelle: Jean-Patrick Donzey, via Wikimedia Commons

Talarion (D)
Bildquelle: Tangopaso, via Wikimedia Commons

Rise of the Machines?
Bildquelle: Warner Bros. Pictures

Thank You for Your attention!
Looking forward to the
debate and Your
questions...
Norbert Schepers,
Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung
Bremen
schepers@rosalux.de
www.norbert.schepers.info
www.twitter.com/nschepers

The Drone Wars: Warfare of the Future?

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The Drone Wars: Warfare of the Future?