Slides_03_Thoracic_Viscera_Canby.pdf

Pulmonary structures and
esophagus
With Dr. Craig Canby
Maria Rodríguez, ilenbravodiaz@gmail.com
© www.lecturio.de | Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschuetzt.
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Index
• Describe the pleural membranes and associated recesses.
• Describe the trachea and its wall, and bronchial branching pattern.
• Compare and contrast the features of the right and left lungs.
• Describe the applied anatomy in performing a thoracentesis.
• Describe the esophageal segments, constrictions, and layers forming its wall.
• Describe the locations of esophageal diverticula and the relevance of triangle.
• Summary
• List of references

Bodymap
Male

Foregut derivatives
• Pulmonary airways and lungs
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Proximal duodenum
• Liver and biliary apparatus
• Pancreas

Pleural membranes
• Parietal pleura
• Visceral pleura
• Pleural cavity
(potential space)

Pleural membranes
Regions of parietal pleura
• Costovertebral (costal) pleura
• Diaphragmatic pleura
• Cervical pleura
• Mediastinal pleura

Pleural membranes
Recesses
• Costodiaphragmatic recess
• Costomedial recess
• Vertebromediastinal recess
(next slide)

Pleural membranes
Recesses
• Vertebromediastinal
recess

Thoracentesis
• Performed when excess fluid
accumulates in pleural cavity
• Causes
• Heart failure
• Lung infections
• Tumors
• Applied anatomy

Trachea
• Begins at vertebral level CVI
• Bifurcates at TIV/T/V
• Length: 10 11 cm
• 16 20 cartilaginous incomplete rings

Trachea
Bifurcation into primary (main) bronchi
• Carina
• Right vs left main bronchi

Trachea
Layers
• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Cartilaginous/
fibromuscular
• Adventitia

Bronchi
• Primary
• Secondary (lobar)
• Tertiary (segmental)
• Successive divisions eventually
lead to bronchioles

Lungs
In situ
• Lobes
• Fissures
• Cardiac notch
• Lingula

Lungs
Apex, base, and surfaces
• Apex
• Base
• Costal surface
• Mediastinal
surface

Lungs
Lobes and fissures
Right lung
• Fissures
• Oblique
• Horizontal
• Lobes (supplied by secondary bronchi)
• Superior
• Middle
• Inferior

Lungs
Lobes and fissures
Left lung
• Oblique fissure
• Lobes (supplied by secondary bronchi)
• Superior
• Inferior
• Cardiac notch and lingula

Lungs
Hilum
• Gateway into and out of the lung
• Pulmonary ligament
• Relative position of airway and vessels
• Mnemonic of RALS
Right lung pulmonary artery will be
anterior to the main bronchi.
Left lung pulmonary artery is located
superior to the main bronchi.

Lungs
Bronchopulmonary segments
• Right lung 10
• Left lung 8
• Supplied by tertiary (segmental) bronchi

Bronchi
Bronchoscopy
• Segmental bronchi

Lung
Pulmonary acinus
• Supplied by terminal bronchiole
• Arterial ramifications follow
branching pattern of bronchioles
• Pulmonary veins are located
peripherally

Esophagus
Parts
• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Abdominal

Esophagus
Layers of its wall
• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis externa
• Adventitia/serosa

Esophagus
Constrictions
• Pharyngo-esophageal constriction
• Aortobronchial constriction
• Diaphragmatic constriction
• Clinical significance

Esophagus
Diverticula
• Pharyngo-esophageal ( )
• Bifurcates at vertebral level LIV
• Epiphrenic

Esophagus
Geometry
• triangle
• triangle

Esophagus
Endoscopic view: normal

Esophagus
Endoscopic view: pathologic
• Esophageal varices
• Cirrhosis of liver

Summary
• The lungs are contained in pleural cavities limited by visceral pleura and parietal pleura.
• A thoracentesis may be performed to remove excess fluid from the pleural recesses.
• The trachea begins at vertebral level CVI and bifurcates into primary bronchi at TIV/TV.
• The wall of the trachea consists of the mucosa, submucosa, cartilage/fibromuscular layer, and
adventitia.
• Primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, respectively, supply the entire lung, lobes, and
bronchopulmonary segments.
• The esophagus is divided into three parts: cervical, thoracic, and abdominal.
• The esophagus is anatomically constricted at three points and is subject to formation of
diverticula.
• The esophageal wall consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and
adventitia/serosa.

Attribution
The images used in this presentation were
sourced from:
Paulsen and Waschke:
Atlas of Human Anatomy, 15th edition,
Elsevier GmbH 2011

Dieses Dokument gehört: Maria Rodríguez
Hinweis: Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die Vervielfältigung,
Verbreitung, Wieder- bzw. Weitergabe und sonstige Nutzung ist ohne die schriftliche
Genehmigung der Lecturio GmbH nicht gestattet.

Slides_03_Thoracic_Viscera_Canby.pdf

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