Power Point Presentation on Oracle Database Administration 12C

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2. INTRODUCTION
 ORACLE CORPORATION is an American multinational
computer technology corporation, headquartered in Redwood city,
Califonia. The company specializes in developing and marking
database software and technology, cloud engineered systems and
enterprise software products particularly its own brand of data
base management systems.
 A Database is a collection of information that is organized and
treated as unit so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and
updated. In one view, databases can be classified based on
number of users ( single and multi-user), location (centralized and
distributed), and the use of the database(operational).
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3. ORACLE DATABASE INNOVATION
Private DB Cloud
Defense in Depth
Information Lifecycle Mgt
Extreme Availability
Flex Clusters
Performance and Ease of Use
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Real Application Testing
Automatic SQL Tuning
Fault Management
Audit Vault
Database Vault
Secure Enterprise Search
Grid Computing
Automatic Storage Mgmt
Self Managing Database
… continuing with
Oracle Database 12c
… with Oracle Database 11g
… with Oracle
Database 10g

4. TASKS OF AN ORACLE DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
A database administrator's responsibilities can include the following tasks:
• Installing and upgrading the Oracle server and application tools
• Allocating system storage and planning future storage requirements for the database system
• Creating primary database storage structures (tablespaces) after application developers have
designed an application
• Creating primary objects (tables, views, indexes) once application developers have designed an
application
• Modifying the database structure, as necessary, from information given by application
developers
• Enrolling users and maintaining system security
• Controlling and monitoring user access to the database
• Monitoring and optimizing the performance of the database
• Planning for backup and recovery of database information
• Maintaining archived data on tape
•Backing up and restoring the database
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5. TOOLS FOR ADMINISTERING AN ORACLE
DATABASE
 Virtualization tool (VMWare)
 Linux Operating System
 Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
 Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)
 Database Upgrade Assistant
 Oracle Net Manager
 Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
 SQL*Plus
 Recovery Manager
 Oracle Secure Backup
 Data Pump
 SQL*Loader
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6. INSTALLATION PREREQUISITES
(HARDWARE & SOFTWARE)
 Hardware – doesn’t require a server-class machine
 Processor – Intel or AMD, 32 bit or 64 bit
 Memory – 1GB
 Virtual memory/Swap space =1.5 times the amount of the
RAM
 Disk space = 4GB
 All current Windows OS versions (Windows 7 and above)
 Linux OS ( Oracle Linux, Suse, Asianux, Red Hat)
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7. ORACLE UNIVERSAL INSTALLER (OUI)
 Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) is used (as its name suggests)
to install any Oracle software.
 OUI can be installed as a self-contained product in its own
Oracle Home, but this is not usually necessary, as it is shipped
with every Oracle product and can be launched from the
product installation media; it will install itself into the Oracle
Home along with the product.
 The OUI will install a number of other tools for managing a
database and related components, notably SQL*Plus.
Depending on the installation type chosen, it may also install
SQL Developer.
 The OUI is written in Java, using JDK/JRE1.5. This means that
it is the same on all platforms.
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20. LISTENER
 Oracle Net Listener is a separate process that runs on the database server.
It receives incoming client connection requests and manages the traffic of
the requests to the database server.
 The following steps are used to configure a Listener
in Oracle Database 12c:
• From your terminal, you invoke Net Configuration Assistance (NetCA),
• Select Listener Configuration and click on next button,
• Click on ‘Add’ to add new listener,
• Enter the Listener Name,
• Select which protocol (TCP/IP) you which to use,
• Select ‘use the Standard Port Number of 1521, click on ‘Next’,
• Then click on FINISH
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Configuring A Listener

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25. CREATING DATABASE USING DBCA
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33. PREDEFINED ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTS
 SYS:
 Owns the data dictionary and the Automatic Workload Repository
(AWR)
 Used for startup and shutdown of the database instance
 SYSTEM: Owns additional administrative tables and views
 SYSBACKUP: Facilitates Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) backup
and recovery operations
 SYSDG: Facilitates Oracle Data Guard operations
 SYSKM: Facilitates Transparent Data Encryption wallet operations
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34. DATABASE STORAGE ARCHITECTURE
 Control Files
 Data Files
 Online Redo Log Files
 Parameter Files
 Backup Files
 Archive Redo Log Files
 Password Files
 Alert log and trace Files.
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35.  Control Files: contains data about the database
itself ( that is physical Database structure
information). These files are critical to the
database. Without them, you cannot open data
files that contains data in a database
 Data Files: contains the user or the application
data of the database, as well as meta data and
the data dictionary.
 Online redo log files: Allows for instance
recovery of the database. If the database sever
crashes and does not lose any data file, the
instance can recover the database with the
information of these files.
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36.  Parameter files: Is used to define how the instance
is configured when it start up. It allows users using
the Sysdba, Sysoper, and Sysasm roles to connect
remotely to the instance and perform administrative
task.
Backup files: Are used for database recovery.
Archive Redo log files: Contains an ongoing history
of data changes (redo) that are generated by instance.
Using these files and the backup of the database, you
can recover lost data files. That is archive log enable
the recovery of restored data files.
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37. CONCEPT OF A DATABASE
Schemas
Tables
Object
Views
Synonyms
Indexes
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38. SQL STATEMENTS USED
Statements Description
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE
Retrieves data from the database, enters new rows,
changes existing rows and removes unwanted rows from
the tables in the database, respectively. Collectively known
as data manipulation language (DML)
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
RENAME
TRUNCATE
COMMENT
Sets up, changes, and removes data structures from
tables. Collectively known as data definition language
(DDL)
GRANT
REVOKE
Provides or removes access rights to both the Oracle
Database and the structures within it. Collectively known
as data control language (DCL)
COMMIT
ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT
Manages the changes made by DML statements,
Changes to the data can be grouped together into logical
transactions. (transaction control)
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39.  A secure system ensures the confidentiality of the data that it
contains. There are several aspects of security:
• Restricting access to data and services
• Authenticating users
• Monitoring for suspicious activity
 Separation of Responsibilities
• Users with DBA privileges must be trusted.
– Abuse of trust
– Audit trails protecting the trusted position
• DBA responsibilities must be shared.
• Accounts must never be shared.
• The DBA and the system administrator must be different people.
• Separate operator and DBA responsibilities.
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Oracle Database Security

40. The administrator’s duties related to backup and recovery of data are to:
• Protect the database from failure wherever possible
• Increase the mean time between failures (MTBF)
• Protect by redundancy
• Decrease the mean time to recover (MTTR)
• Minimize the loss of data
Failures can generally be divided into the following categories:
 Statement failure
 User process failure
 Network failure
 User error
 Instance failure
 Media failure
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY CONCEPT

41. CONFIGURING FOR RECOVERABILITY
To configure your database for maximum recoverability,
you must:
• Schedule regular backups
• Multiplex control files
• Multiplex redo log groups
• Retain archived copies of redo logs
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42. PERFORMING BACKUP
 Backups can be performed by using:
• Recovery Manager ( RMAN)
• Oracle Secure Backup
• User-managed backup
Oracle’s recommended backup and recovery tool is RMAN, the
Recovery Manager. Using RMAN is not compulsory: Oracle
Corporation still supports backups created with operating system
utilities
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43. RUNNING BACKUP USING RMAN
A backup carried out with operating system commands is known
as a user-managed backup. A backup carried out by RMAN is
known as a server-managed backup.
There are three decisions to make before carrying out a server-
managed ( RMAN) backup. Should it be
 Closed or open?
 Whole or partial?
 Full or incremental?
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44.  A closed backup is carried out when the database is shut down;
alternative terms for closed are cold, consistent, and offline.
 An open backup is carried out while the database is in use;
alternative terms are hot, inconsistent, and online. An open
backup can only be made if the database is in archivelog mode.
 A whole backup is a backup of all the datafiles and the control
files.
 A partial backup is a backup of a subset of these. In most
circumstances, partial backups can only be made if the database is
in archivelog mode.
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45.  A full backup includes all used blocks of the files
backed up.
 An incremental backup includes only those blocks
that have been changed since the last backup.
 An incremental backup can be cumulative (including
all blocks changed since the last full backup) or
differential (including all blocks changed since the
last incremental backup).
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46. CONCLUSION
In this lesson, we have covered:
 How to install Oracle Database 12c
 Create a listener
 Create a Table
 Importance of security in Oracle database 12c
 Principles of lease privilege as DBA
 Identify the types of failure that can occur in an Oracle database
 Run backup using RMAN
 Create consistent database backups
 Create incremental backups
 Use SQL command to run backups
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