power point presentation on air pollution

1.  SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
PROF PALVINDER KAU
NITISH KUMAR

2.  “Air pollution is defined as the addition of undesirable
materials into the atmosphere either due to natural
phenomena or due to human activity on the earth which
adversely affects the quality of air and hence affects the on
the earth .”
 The atmosphere is a mixture of gases ,predominant are
Nitrogen (78.087%),Oxygen(20.94%),Carbondioxide(0.32%)
and after gases are less than 1%.This is the composition of
unpolluted atmosphere and this value remains constant
upto very high attitude . Air is most essential element for life
,but this life supporting natural element may become bitter
if it gets polluted. The atmosphere is said to be polluted if
the concentration of any constituent increases or decreases
drastically to cause harmful effect on human being and
other living organisms.

4.  Source are classified in two types
 Natural source:-
 Forest fire:-It is due to lightening,thundering.

5.  A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials are
thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust, ash and
gas compounds are some of the
materials. Eruptions can come from side branches
or from the top of the volcano. Some eruptions are
terrible explosions that throw out huge amounts of
rock and ash and kill many people.

7.  Decay is an essential life process, which helps to
digest food and recycle materials. Bacteria and fungi
are the main groups of decomposer. They release
enzymes to break down compounds, so that they
can absorb the nutrients.

8. 1. Burning of fossil fuels(wood,coal,etc.):-these are
major source of energy.These produces some
poisonous as by products such as CO,SO2,NO2,CH4
etc.

9.  In the last few years,the number of industries in
different parts of the world and there production has
increased manifold.The common air pollutants
discharged into air from industrial chimney and power
houses are CO2,CO,SO2,H2S,NO,NO2etc.These gases
are produced due to burning of coal and petroleum.

10.  The automobile emit out poisonous gases like
CO,oxide of niotrogen and unburnt hydrocarbon in
addition to lead particles.

11. Additional Air Pollution from Agriculture. In addition
to methane and nitrous oxide,agricultural
activities have been linked to the emission of other
dangerous gases and pollutants. These include
carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and
airborne particulate matter, which has been linked to
health problems.

12.  As well as causing a rise in the global
temperature,deforestation affects the air that we
breathe. This is because all trees take in carbon
dioxide and other pollutants which are known to
cause a lot of problems in the atmosphere.

13.  This is one of the major causes of pollution.More the
population more are the needs,greater are the
unnatural methods adopted which distrub the balance
of atmosphere.

14.  The nuclear weapons used during wars emit radiation which
adversely affect the health and prove to be fatal.

15. In developing and under-developed countries,people use
fuel coal,kerosene,wood etc.in their kitchen at
home.Compelete combustion of these fuel produce CO2
where as incomplete combustion produce CO. Coal contains
varying amount of sulphur which on burning produce
SO2.The fossil fuels also produce black soot.Housewives
using wood as cooking fuel,inhale benzene(alpha) pyrine
which is considered to cause cancer.

16.  It is divided in two types:-

17.  Controlling Sources
of Pollution. Pollution prevention approaches to
reduce, eliminate, or prevent pollution at its source,
should be considered. Examples are to use less toxic
raw materials or fuels, use a less-polluting industrial
process, and to improve the efficiency of the process.

18.  Vegetation:-
 Trees should be grown in all available space because
they use CO2 and release O2.They purifies the air from
man and animals to breath.There are certain plants
absorbs harmful gases e.g CO2,NO2.
 Industry should be allocated away from the human
settlement.Green belt should be developed between
industries and human settlement.

19.  Four stroke engines should be used instead of two stroke
engines in two wheelers because in two stroke engine the
fuel is not burnt completely .
 Sulphur free fuel should be used in automobiles . It
reduces SO2 pollution .CNG can replace petrol and diesel.
 Only unleaded petrol be used . Already it has been
introduced in metropolitan cities first April 1995.
 Automobile emmission can further be reduced by tune ups
and catalytic converters which oxides CO to CO2 and
reduce NO2 to nitrogen.
 As far as possible , efficient public transport system should
be used of instead of separate vehicles by individuals.

20.  The current industrial processes may be suitably
modified.So as to reduce or check pollution of air.
 Air pollution control devices
 Gravity settling chambers:-They are generally used to
remove large particles(larger than 50micro meter ).They are
long chamber in which velocity of gases in lower down solid
particle settle down under the influence of gravity.