climatology

1. • Introduction
• Water As Element Of Climatology
 Rainfall Theory & Mode Of Measurement
 Snow Theory & Mode Of Measurement
 Fog Theory & Mode Of Measurement
• Consideration & Architecture Solution
HOUR TO HOUR, DAY TO DAY CHANGE IN ATMOSPHERE

2. • Rain, Precipitation In Liquid Form. It Consists
Of Drops Of Water Falling From Clouds; If The
Drops Are Very Small, They Are Collectively
Termed Drizzle. Rain Plays A Key Role In The
Hydrologic, Or Water, Cycle In Which
Moisture From The Oceans Evaporates,
Condenses Into Clouds, Precipitates Back To
Earth, And Eventually Returns To The Ocean
Via Runoff Into Streams And Rivers To Begin
The Cycle Again.
INTRODUCTION

3. Water As Element Of
Climatology
From the beginnings of human life on earth water has
fascinated us. People have tried for ages to imagine
what it could be that was falling down on their heads
from heaven and soon aimed to explore its mystery by
developing a scientific approach to it. Today we know
quite a lot about this meteorological phenomenon.
water is a part of the hydrological cycle in which
moisture from the earth's surface evaporates, turns into
clouds, then condenses into bubbles and again in due
course returns to the earth in the form of droplets of
water to repeat the whole cycle. The key to
understanding the role that rainwater plays in
architecture is to understand the architecture of the
water itself – what physical laws govern its surface and
how the liquid acts and reacts with our senses.

4. Rainfall theory & mode of
measurement
• There are thousands of stations
throughout the world where rainfall
observations and records are made.
Rainfall is measured, in terms of inches
or millimetres of depth, by means of a
simple receptacle-and-gauge apparatus
or by more complex electrical or
weighing devices placed where eddies of
air will not interfere with the normal fall
of the raindrops. In addition to the daily,
monthly, and annual totals, the depth of
individual rainfalls and their intensity
(amount of rain falling during a specific
period of hours or minutes) and other
pertinent facts are recorded.

5. Architecture solution for heavy
rainfall
• A thin copper skin clads the upper part of the house to protect it from
the heavy monsoon rains.
• Technique for constructing houses in areas of heavy rainfall is using
steeply sloping roofs. The steeply sloping roof will allow the rainwater
to run off and avoid it collecting on the roof, adding unwanted weight
to the roof, and harming the natural setting of the concrete/RCC.
Architecture solution for low rainfall

7. Snow theory & mode of
measurement
• SNOW
During the winter months when
temperatures are cold, (at or close to OQ
Celsius) snow will fall from clouds instead
of rain. Snow starts off in the same way as
rain, with tiny droplets of water joining
together in clouds until they are too heavy.
However, when they fall it is important that
the air is freezing for there to be snow.
Otherwise the snowflakes will melt and
become sleet or rain before they reach the

8. Precipitation
• Snow
Snow cannot be measured in the same way as
rain, as a normal rain gauge may get blocked.
Instead, the amount of snowfall is measured
by inserting a ruler into a layer of snow that is
flat and has not been drifted by the wind.

9. Fog theory & mode of measurement
• Fog
• Air becomes saturated and droplets form
on condensation nuclei
• There is no physical difference between a
fog and a cloud, except that we tend to think
of a fog as being near the ground
There are different names for a fog,
depending on how it forms (that is, what
causes the saturation)

10. Consideration & Architecture Solution
• water vapour in the air — The higher the
humidity, the slower the evaporation. - Why? -
The more water molecules in the air, the more
that go back to the liquid. - Example - clothes
dry fasiter and your perspiration evaporates
quickly in dry climate.

11. Consideration & Architecture Solution
• (humidity = amount
for water vapor in the air)
The higher the humidity, the slower the
evaporation.
Why? - The more water molecules in the
air, the more that go back to the liquid.
Example-clothes dry faster and Your
perspiration evaporates quickly in dry
climates

12. Condensation to form fog,
Clouds, Dew — How it Happens in
the Atmosphere
• Condensation occurs mainly when air is cooled
and its capacity for water vapor is decreased.
• In the atmosphere, water vapor condenses on
particles of solid material rather than in the open—
air.
• These particles may be natural or man-made, and
called condensation nuclei.
each cloud.
• Thus, the condensation that begins each cloud droplet
or fog droplet takes place on a solid
particle.

13. • Hygrometer
• Measures the water
vapor content of air or
humidity
• Sling Psychrometer
• Measures relative humidity,
using the cooling effect of
evaporation.
Two thermometers a used
in a sling psychrometer.