Peter Behrens,  (born April 14, 1868, Hamburg—died Feb. 27, 1940, Berlin), architect noted for his influential role in the development of modern architecture in Germany.

1. EARLY MODERNISM
and
MODERNISM
(international style)
NURLANNJFAZLEDDENOV117745
Kokan GRCHEV
ARCH226

2. Peter Behrens
Adolf Loos
Walter Gropius (BAUHAUS)
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Le Corbusier
ARCH226

3. Peter Behrens, (born April 14,
1868, Hamburg—died Feb. 27,
1940, Berlin), architect noted for his
influential role in the development of
modern architecture in Germany. In
addition, he was a pioneer in the field
of industrial design.
After attending the fine arts school at
Hamburg, Behrens went to Munich in
1897 during the time of the
renaissance of arts and crafts in
Germany. In 1900 the Grand Duke of
Hessen called him to his newly
founded artists’ colony at Darmstadt.
There, Behrens built his own house
(1901) with all its furnishings. In 1903
he became director of the arts and
crafts school ...
PeterBehrens
ARCH226

4. AEG Turbine Factory, 1908–1909. An early
example of industrial classicism.
The AEG turbine factory was built around 1909, in
the Berlin district of Moabit, the best known work
of architect Peter Behrens. It is an influential and
well-known example of industrial architecture. Its
revolutionary design features 100m long and 15m
tall glass and steel walls on either side. It was a
bold move and world first that would have a
durable impact on Architecture as a whole.
ARCH226

5. Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos (10 December 1870 –
23 August 1933) was an Austrian and Czechoslovak
architect. He was influential in European Modern
architecture, and in his essay Ornament and Crime he
abandoned the aesthetic principles of the Vienna
Secession. In this and many other essays he contributed to
the elaboration of a body of theory and criticism
of Modernism in architecture and design.
Adolf Franz Karl Viktor
Maria Loos
ARCH226

6. Education:
•Began studies at the Royal and Imperial State Technical College in Rechenberg,
Bohemia
•Spent a year in the army
•Attended the College of Technology in Dresden for three years
•Traveled to the United States and worked as a mason, a floor-layer, and a dishwasher
Influences:
•Adolf Loos was impressed by the efficiency of American architecture, and he admired
the work of Louis Sullivan
•In 1896, returned to Vienna and worked for architect Carl Mayreder
•In 1898, Loos opened his own practice in Vienna and became friends with
philosopher
ARCH226

7. Steiner House, Vienna, Austria 1910
Goldman & Salatsch Building, Vienna 1910
ARCH226

8. VillaMüller,Prague1928
ARCH226

9. FrankLloydWright,1867-1959
Frank Lloyd Wright
(1867-1959) worked
with Louis Sullivan.
His work spanned 70
years of extraordinary
versatility in the
handling of steel,
stone, redwood and
reinforced concrete,
extending geometrical
plans and silhouettes
to create a new and
exhilarating
relationship with the
natural environment.
ARCH226

10. He created, he claimed, the open plan and called his house
‘Prairie Houses’ inspired by the open spaces of the
American Midwest.
Martin House, Buffalo, 1904
ARCH226

11. Martin House, Buffalo, 1904
• Basic form – crossing of axes
• The extension of these axes into the garden forms other
contained shapes which provide a single spatial
experience through the interpenetration of internal and
external shapes.
• Internal spaces flow into one another
• Corners of rooms are dissolved
• Walls becomes screens.
• Horizontal emphasis is maintained by low sweeping
ceilings and roofs and long clerestory windows
• Levels change without barriers and doors
ARCH226

12. Robie House, Chicago, 1908-09
The Robie House combined
the traditional virtues of
craftsmanship and good
detail with modern technical
installations. But his work
demonstrated not so much
the technology as the
dramatic composition of roofs
and the flow of the interior
spaces into one another,
which changed forever the
concept of the house as a
collection of boxes.
ARCH226

13. Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, 1936-37
The stepped sections of reinforced
concrete thrust outwards from a
core of masonry to hover in
overlapping planes above the rocks,
trees and falling water.
He mastered an apparently
impossible site and created the
most vivid example of man-made
form complementing nature.
Fallingwater is probably the most frequently illustrated house of the twentieth century.
Like his earlier houses, it is brilliantly organized.
ARCH226

14. The Guggenheim Museum, 1959
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical museum building, wider at the top than the
bottom, was conceived as a "temple of the spirit" and is one of the 20th century's most
important architectural landmarks.
The building opened on October 21, 1959.
ARCH226

15. WALTERGROPIUS
After leaving the
Bauhaus in 1928
and eventually
fleeing from
Germany in 1934,
he migrated to the
United States and
taught at the
Harvard Graduate
School of Design.
He founded The
Architects’
Collaborative, an
architectural firm.
He together with Le
Corbusier and Mies
van Der Rohe are
considered as the
pioneers of the
International Style.
ARCH226

16. The Bauhaus School Building, 1925
ARCH226

17. Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1938
ARCH226

18. MetLife (formerly PanAm Building)
By Emery Roth & Sons, Walter Gropius,
and Pietro Belluschi, 1963, New York City,
New York
ARCH226

19. ARCH226
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE, 1886-1969
Because of the rise of Nazi in Germany, many
modernists were theatened to leave the country.
Mies van Der Rohe went to the United States of America
in 1937 to Chicago and then became the head of the
architecture department at the Illinois Institute of
Technology.
His famous works in Europe are the Barcelona Pavilion
and the Villa Tugendhat, while those in America are
found in Chicago such as the Federal Center and the
Crown Hall of the IIT.

20. The German Pavilion, Barcelona Expo
Mies Van Der Rohe: German pavilion at the
Barcelona Exposition, Spain 1929 (above), left: the
Barcelona Chair
Barcelona Pavilion by Ludwig Mies van
Der Rohe, 1929, Barcelona, Spain
ARCH226

21. Tugendhat House by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe,
Brno, Czech Republic, 1928-1930
ARCH226

22. Crown Hall by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, I.I.T., Chicago, Illinois, 1956
ARCH226

23. FederalCenter,Chicago,Illinois,
1970SculpturebyAlexanderCalder
ARCH226

24. LE CORBUSIER, 1896-1967
ARCH226

25. The Domino House, Le Corbusier, 1914
Domino House (1914–1915) is an open floor plan
structures, supported by reinforced concrete
columns meaning that the floor space was free to
be configured into rooms without concern for
supporting walls and the physical . The building
envelope expression is an independent expression
subject to the interpretation of Its Architect.
The transparency of
buildings construction
(called the honest
expression of
structure), and
acceptance of
industrialized mass-
production techniques
contributed to the
international style's
design philosophy.
The machine aesthetic,
and logical design
decisions leading to
support building
function were used by
the International
architect to create
buildings reaching
beyond historicism.
ARCH226

26. •Free standing supports (pilotis)
•The roof garden
•The ribbon window
•The free plan
•The freely composed facade
Villa Savoye, Poissy, 1928-31
In his seminal first book, Towards a New
Architecture, Le Corbusier announced the ‘five
points of a new architecture’:
The Villa Savoye is an elevated white concrete box
cut open horizontally and vertically.
ARCH226

27. Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier
As with the paintings of the period (cubism) it
is a crucial part of the concept that the
observer is not standing in one place but
moving around. As he does so, the forms of
the building overlap and becomes sometimes
solid sometimes transparent. The pilotis free
the ground and the roof garden re-creates the
air the land that is lost below.
ARCH226

28. The Modulor is an
anthropometric scale of
proportions devised by the
Swiss-born French architect
Le Corbusier (1887–1965).
It was developed as a visual
bridge between two
incompatible scales, the
Imperial system and the
Metric system. It is based on
the height of an English
man with his arm raised
The Modulor Man by
Le Corbusier
ARCH226

29. Unité Habitation by Le Corbusier Briey, 1963
The design of these residential blocks
are very innovative with the building
suspended on piloti. The location of
amenities are strategically located that
the intention of the building as an anti-
snob zone would be achieved.
These structures shows the features
of Brutalist architecture and the use
of brise soleil.
ARCH226

30. In 1950-54 Le Corbusier produced a small church which is considered by many to
be the greatest single architectural work of the century. The whole chapel is a
study in light.
Notre-Dame-de-Haut, Ronchamp, France, 1950-54
On one side the
walls are immensely
thick, with deep
irregular windows
filled with coloured
glass; on other
walls, tiny windows
are tunnels
punctured through
at different angles.
ARCH226

31. http://architecture.about.com/od/greatarchitects/p/loos.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusier
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Беренс,_Петер
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe
REFERENCE
ARCH226

32. THE END
ARCH226