1. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS
The millennium Developmental Goals adopted by the united nations in
the year of 2000 provides an opportunity for the concerned action
to improve global health During September. Representatives from
189 countries at the millennium summit in the new York to adopt
the united nations millennium Declaration .
The eight millennium developmental goals are
Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education
GOAL 3 promote gender equality and empower women
2. contd
• Goal 4 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
• Goal 5 Ensure environmental sustainability
• Goal 6 Reduce child mortality
• Goal 7 Improve maternal health
• Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development
• 1 Eradecate extreme poverty and hunger
• The number of hungry people in world remains
unacceptably high. FAO estimates that the number of people who will
suffer from chronic hunger in 2010 is 925 million FAO focuses on poverty
and hunger reduction through improving agriculture productivity and
income and promoting better nutritional practises at all the level and
programmes that enhance direct and immediate access to food by the
neediest .
3. • 2.To achieve universal primary education
• 1.To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• 3.To promote gender equality and empower women
• 4.To reduce child mortality
• 5.To improve maternal health
• 6.To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
• 7.To ensure environmental sustainability[1]
• 8.To develop a global partnership for development
4. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
• Target 2: By 2015, all children can complete a
full course of primary schooling, girls and
boys Enrollment in primary education
• Completion of primary education
5. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower
women
• Target 3: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015 Ratios
of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
• Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural
sector
• Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
6. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rate
• Target 4: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the
under-five mortality rate .
• Infant (under 1) mortality rate
• Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measles
7. Goal 5: Improve maternal health
• Target 5a: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the
maternal mortality ratio, Maternal morbidity ratio
• Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
• Target 5 b: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive
health Contraceptive prevalence rate
• Adolescent birth rate
• Antenatal care coverage
• Unmet need for family planning
8. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other
diseases
• Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence among population aged 15–24 years
• Condom use at last high-risk sex
• Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
• Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for
HIV/AIDS for all those who need it Proportion of population with
advanced HIV infection with access to anti-retroviral drugs
9. • Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the
incidence of malaria and other major diseases Prevalence
and death rates associated with malaria
• Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-
treated bed nets
• Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated
with appropriate anti-malarial drugs
• Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with
tuberculosis
• Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under
DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course)
10. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
• Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country
policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources
• Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant
reduction in the rate of loss Proportion of land area covered by forest
• Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
• Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
• Proportion of total water resources used
• Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
• Proportion of species threatened with extinction
11. • Target 7C: , by 2015, the proportion of the population
without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation Proportion of population with sustainable access
to an improved water source, urban and rural
• Proportion of urban population with access to improved
sanitation
• Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant
improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-
dwellers Proportion of urban population living in slums
12. Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for
development[
• Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory
trading and financial system Includes a commitment to good governance,
development, and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally
• Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
Includes: tariff and quota-free access for LDC exports; ; and more generous ODA
(Official Development Assistance) for countries committed to poverty reduction
• Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and
small island developing States Through the Programme of Action for the
Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of
the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly
13. • Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the problems of
developing countries through national and international
measures in order to make sustainable in the long term
• Some of the indicators listed below are monitored
separately for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa,
landlocked developing countries and small island developing
States.
• Proportion of total sector basic social services (basic
education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and
sanitation)
14. • Market access: Proportion of total developed country imports
(by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and
from LDCs, admitted free of duty
• Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural
products and textiles and clothing from developing countries
• Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as percentage
of their GDP
• Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity
• Debt sustainability: Total number of countries that have reached
their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their
HIPC completion points (cumulative)
• Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative, US$
• Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
15. • Target 8E: In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide
access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries
Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs
on a sustainable basis
• Target 8F: In co-operation with the private sector, make available
the benefits of new technologies, especially information and
communications Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100
population
• Personal computers in use per 100 population
• Internet users per 100 Population[17]
16. MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health is the ability of a person to make personal and social adjustment
It is essential to be mentally health for optimum health or well being.
DEFINITION
Mental health is the ability of a person to establish personal and
social balance
BY WHO
• “The capacity of a an individual to join harmonious relation with
other and to participate in or contribute constructively to the changes
in this social and physical enviroment
•
17. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
TARGET 2. Halve between 1990 and 2015
The proportion of people who suffer from hunger
G1.T2.14– Prevalence of underweight children
(under five years of age) 1990 53.4
2005-2011 43.5
G1.T2.15– Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary
energy consumption 1991 25
2004-2006 15
18. INDICATIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 1 A Positive attitude towards self
• 2 Growth development and ability for self actualisaton
• 3 Integraton
• 4 Autonomy
• 5 Perception of reality
• 6 Enviornmental mastery
19. Trends and issues in mental health
• Special issues
Seniour citizens suffering from severly disabling diseases such as
alzimers ,dementia , parkinsonism
Victims of child sexual abuse marital ,domestic voilence ,rape etc
APPROCHES TO PREVENTION
20. contd
• 1 primary prevention
• Pre-conceptional ,prenatal and intra-natal period approach include
A genetic councelling related to age factor , consagneous marriages.
B At risk approach [chromosomal or sex linked disease].
C Immunization [like polio]D
D Nutrition
E Other [X-Ray]
21. SECONDARY PREVENTION
• A early diagnosis of handicap
• B Treatment [physiotherapy ,occupational therapy ,spee therapy
etc.]
• C Training and education [vocational guidance for independent
living eg occupation ect]
• D love and warmth ,pitient treatment
• E Natural potentials should be identified.
• F children and adolocents affected by problems of maladjustment
of other schoolastic problems suicide etc
• G Victim’s of poverty ,destination such as women thrown out of
marital or old home
22. contd
• H Victims of natural or man made disaters such as cyclone
,earthquakes, war, terrorism etc
• CURRENT ISSUES AND TRENDS IN CARE.
• Psychiatric nurse faces various challenges because of
manage in patient care approach
• TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE
• Increase in mental health problems
• Provision of quality and comprehensive service.
• Providing continuity of care.
• Care is providing in alternative settings
23. ECONOMIC ISSUES
• Industrilization
• Urbanization
• Raised standard of living.
• CHANGES IN ILLNESS ORIENTATION
• Care delivery is shifted from institutional services to
community services .nurse patient relationship to nurse patient
partnership.
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
24. CONTD
• Telenursing and telemedicine
• Mass media
• Electronic system
• Nursing informatics
• CONSUMER EMPOWERMENT
• Increase consumer awarness
• Awareness of community in early detection in early detection
and RX of mental illness and proper utilization of available
hospitals
25. contd
• Patient demand high quality services at affordable cost
• DE-INSTITUTIONALIZATION
• Bringing mental health patient out of hospitals and
shifting care to community
• PHYSICIAN SHORTAGE AND GAPS IN SERVICES.
• DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES.
• Increasing no of elderly group.
• Types of family [nuclear]
26. HUMAN RIGHTS OF MENTALLY ILL
• 1 The right of wear their own clothes
• 2 The right to have individual storage space for their private
use
• 3 The right to spend a sum their money their own expenses
• 4The right to have reasonable access to all communication
media like telephone ,letter writing and mailing .
• 5 The right to see visitors everyday.
• 6 The right to treatment in the least restricted setting .
