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1. BIOSYSTEMS PRODUCTS AND TESTS
PRESENTED BY
NDIP RITAAYUK
BIOMEDICAL SOLUTIONS LTD, BUEA.
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2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 BIOSYTEMS CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND
SEROLOGY PRODUCTS
 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY TESTS
 SEROLOGICAL TESTS
 CONCLUSION 2

3. INTRODUCTION
BioSystems S.A.
 contributes to the improvement of the health of
people around the world by providing
instruments and reagents of leading technology
and the highest reliability to the laboratories of
clinical analyses.
 Professional development of company
employees is a value of ever-increasing
importance.
 They provide a series of products. 3

4. BIOSYSYEMS CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PRODUCTS
BioSystems clinical chemistry products
 Microcolumn chromatography-separation of components in a
sample in order to identify and determine the amounts of the
analytes without instruments.
 Turbidimetry- to assess specific proteins.
 Standards/Calibrators
- Standards are used in the clinical lab to “standardizeˮ
instruments in order to measure other solutions of unknown
concentration.
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5. Biochemistry calibrators quantitatively calibrate
commonly used analytes on clinical chemistry
analyzers.
 Coagulation-evaluates whether blood clots normally
and help to identify problems.
 Biochemistry-studies chemical and biochemical
methods by measuring levels of biochemicals in
bodily fluids.
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6. MICROCOLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
Ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, Hemoglobin A1
C, Hemoglobin A 2.
Turbidimetry
microalbumin, C-reactive proteins, apolipoprotein,
complement, ferritin, rheumatoid factor,
immunoglobulin. Blood disorders-Iron, folic acid,
transferrin, etc.
Coagulation
Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time,
thrombin time.
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7. Standards/Calibrators
Biochemistry calibrator-for various biochemistry tests
Bilirubin Standards, Albumin standard, etc
Biochemistry
 ACP, ALT, AST, ALP, Alpha Amylase, Bilirubin,
Calcium, Total Cholesterol, Cholesterol HDL/LDL
Precipitating Reagent, Cholesterol HDL/LDL Direct
Reagent, etc.
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8. PICTURES OF SOME BIOSYSTEMS
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PRODUCTS
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9. CHEMISTRY REAGENTS &
CHARACTERISTICS
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1) Measuring Range: range of concentrations within
which the assay is accurate and precise.
2) Linear Range: concentration range over which
intensity of the signal obtained is directly
proportional to the analyte producing the signal.
3) Sensitivity: Minimum detectable level.
4) Stability: Ability of an in vitro diagnostic reagent,
when kept under specified conditions, to retain
throughout the shelf life its characteristics and
performance within limits specified by the
manufacturer.

10. BIOSYTEMS SEROLOGY PRODUCTS
 Serology is a blood test carried on serum or other
body fluid to detect the presence of antibodies.
 Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO), C-reactive proteins
(CRP), Rheumatoid factor (RF) and RPR-Carbon- all
use the latex agglutination method.
 TPHA solution - uses hemaglutination method .
 Widal kit (febrile antigens) also use agglutination
method but could be slide or tube tests.
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11. PICTURES OF BIOSYSTEMS
SEROLOGY PRODUCTS
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12. ORDERING TESTS IN CHEMISTRY
 Tests are sometimes categorized as general or routine
tests.
 Ordered individually as single tests or they are
categorized as panels. Panels are sets of tests grouped to
look at problems in body systems.
 The type of test required dictates what type of sample is
used.
 The two most general screening panels are
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13.  Basic Metabolic Panel: serves as an initial broad
medical screening tool of kidney,
liver function, and electrolyte and fluid balance.
 Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: same as BMP, but
more tests are included, maybe thyroid, calcium or
alkaline phosphatase.
NB. These tests are used to screen general health of a
patient. They aren’t used to follow the course of disease
and treatment.
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14. PANELS OF TESTS IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
-THESE PANELS ARE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS
BODY SYSTEMS
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Panel Tests
 Electrolyte panel
 Minerals
 Kidney panel
 Lipid panel
 Liver panel
 Thyroid panel
 Cardiac panel

15. ELECTROLYTE PANEL
 Electrolyte Panel: include sodium, potassium, chloride,
bicarbonate.
 Electrolytes sometimes called "lytes" are important in the
transport of substances into and out of cells.
 Measuring electrolytes can specifically indicate certain
metabolic and kidney disorders.
 Kidneys help balance acids and bases in the body. While it may be
helpful to the doctor to know the specific CO2 level of a patient, the
other tests in an electrolyte panel work together to give a picture of acid-
base balance and hydration status of the patient.
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16. MINERALS
 Calcium-Used in coagulation and muscle contraction,
99% is in skeleton and is not metabolically active.
Hypercalcemia – occurs in parathyroidism, bone
malignancies, hormone disorders, excessive vitamin D,
and acidosis; may cause kidney stones.
Hypocalcemia – can cause tetany; occurs in
hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, poor dietary
absorption and kidney disease.
 Phosphorus-80% in bone and rest in energy compounds
such as ATP.
 The other two minerals are magnesium and potassium.16

17. KIDNEY PANEL
 Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and serum Creatinine
assess function of kidneys. Both are waste products
excreted by the kidneys.
 If a BUN and creatinine tests are higher than normal, it
probably indicates that your kidneys aren't working
properly or poor kidney function respectively.
 Serum creatinine is best test for overall kidney function
because it is not affected by diet or hormone levels.
 Uric acid increases in kidney disease, but
most often used in the diagnosis of gout.
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18. LIPID PANEL
 Lipids are fats in the body. This panel gives a profile of
Total Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (good cholesterol),
LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol), and triglycerides (fats).
 Lipoproteins transport cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL,
LDL and VLDL, which are predictors of heart disease. A
patient can feel perfectly healthy but have a high risk for
cardiac problems if they have high levels of some of these
lipoproteins.
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19.  HDL carries cholesterol from the tissues to the liver to be
excreted. So high levels of HDL are good.
 LDL carries cholesterol too, but deposits the cholesterol in
blood vessels. This increases the risk for strokes and heart
attacks.
 Triglycerides-Main storage form of lipids, comprising
95% of fat tissue.
 Hyperlipidemia – having high blood levels of triglycerides
may increase risk of heart attack.
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20. PLAQUE DEPOSITS
 You can see why it’s good to know lipid levels
when you see what plaque does to a vessel.
Which cholesterol type deposits plaque in the
vessels?
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21. LIVER PANEL
 Liver functions: i. Synthesizes glycogen from glucose
ii. Makes plasma proteins (albumin, lipoproteins,
coagulation proteins). iii. Forms cholesterol and degrades
it into bile acids, which emulsifies fats for absorption.
iv)Destroys old blood cells and recycles components of
hemoglobin.
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22. LIVER PANEL CONTD
 Total Bilirubin-Waste product of hemoglobin breakdown.
Increases in excessive RBC breakdown.
 Liver Enzymes -Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP or AP) -
Greatly increased in liver tumors and lesions.
 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) formally called
SGOT.
 Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; formerly called
SGPT) - Increases up to 10x in cirrhosis, infections or
tumors and up to 100x in viral or toxic hepatitis.
 Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) - Often used to
monitor patients recovering from hepatitis and cirrhosis.
 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD) - Increased in liver
disease and following heart attacks.
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23. THYROID PANEL
 Evaluate thyroid function and diagnose thyroid disease.
 Commonly includes TSH, T4, T3
 The thyroid gland is an important organ that
regulates body metabolism. It is located in the front of
the neck just below the voice box.
 It secretes two main thyroid hormones – thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones allow the body to use energy.
 If you have too little of these hormones, you have not used the possible
energy and are tired.
 So, if the mechanisms are working badly, patient is feeling tired, they
could be suffering from hypothyroidism.
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24. THE THYROID AND PITUATARY
GLANDS
 Together these two glands work to regulate
metabolism. So, if the patient is always tired, a
Thyroid Panel may be ordered to assess hormone
levels.
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25. CARDIAC PANEL
 Cardiac Function Tests
Creatine Kinase (CK) - Widely used to diagnose and
monitor heart attacks.
Troponins
Only present in heart muscle, making it a more accurate
indicator of heart attack than CK.
Cardiac Troponin T (cTnT)
Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)
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26. SEROLOGICAL TESTS
CRP test
C-Reactive Protein is a Non-specific protein that appears in
serum as a response to inflammatory conditions.
Syphilis testing
• VDRL: flocculation, prone to false positives
Antigen composed of cardiolipin,
cholesterol, lecithin
• RPR-Carbon: modified VDRL with charcoal particles, more
sensitive.
• RF and ASO kit-Diagnosis of several rheumatoid diseases.
• Widal kit - Typhoid fever screening
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28. CONCLUSION
 BioSystems products remain one of the best in
the market due to their quality.
 Hence we should promote quality products and
safe lives.
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29. THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
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