This is the assignment of human eye structure in DIP(Digital Image Processing).

1. Government Post Graduate College for Women
Gulberg II,Lahore
Submitted To:- Ma’am Urwa warsi
Submitted By:- Nayyab Mir
Roll Number:- 1922110025
Session:- 2019-2023
Semester:- 7
Department:- Computer Science
Assignment:- Digital Image Processing
Topic:- Human Eye Structure
According to DIP
Submission Date:- 23-September 2022

2. ELEMENTS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION :-
The field of digital image processing
is constructed on the foundation of mathematical and
probabilistic system, but human instinct and evaluation play th
e principle function to make the
selection between various techniques, and the
choice or selection is basically made on
subjective, visible decisions.
Human Eye Structure:-
The human eye is a barely asymmetrical sphere with a median
diameter of the period of 20mm to 25mm. It has a quantity of
approximately 6.5cc. the attention is just like a digital camera.
The outside object is seen as the digital camera take the photo
of any item. light enters the eye via a small hollow called the
scholar, a black looking aperture having the high-quality of
contraction of eye when exposed to vivid mild and is targeted
on the retina which is sort of a digicam movie.
Human intuition and analysis play a central position inside
the desire of picture processing strategies, based on
subjective and visual judgments. So, it
is important to apprehend how human and electronic imaging
gadgets evaluate in terms of resolution and ability to
conform to modifications in illumination.

3. Structure of Human Eye:-
The structures and capabilities of the eyes
are complex. every eye continuously adjusts the
quantity of mild it permits, makes a speciality
of items near and a ways, and produces non-stop photos which
are immediately transmitted to the brain.
Orbit:-
The orbit is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscle
groups, nerves, and blood vessels, as well as the systems that
produce and drain tears. each orbit is a pear-formed shape this
is fashioned with the aid of several bones.
Sclera:-
The outer protecting of the eyeball consists of a distinctly tough,

4. white layer called the sclera (or white of the attention).
near the the front of the attention, in
the area covered through the eyelids, the sclera
is protected via a skinny, obvious membrane (conjunctiva),
which runs to the threshold of the cornea. The
conjunctiva additionally covers the moist back surface of the
eyelids and eyeballs.
Cornea:-
Light enters the eye thru the cornea, the clean, curved layer
in front of the iris and pupil. The cornea serves as
a shielding covering for the front of the
eye and also allows recognition light at the retina in the back
of the attention.
After passing via the cornea, mild travels via the student (the
black dot in the center of the attention).
Iris:-
The iris—the circular, coloured place of the eye that surrounds
the student—controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
The iris permits greater mild into the attention (enlarging or
dilating student) while the surroundings is darkish and allows m
uch less light into the attention (shrinking or constricting
the scholar) while the surroundings is brilliant. as a result,
the pupil dilates and constricts just like the aperture of a digital
camera lens as the amount of mild in
the instantaneous surroundings changes. the scale of
the student is managed by way of the motion of the pupillary
sphincter muscle and dilator muscle.
Ciliary Body:-
Behind the iris sits the lens. through changing its form, the lens
focuses light onto the retina. via the movement of
small muscular tissues (referred to as the ciliary muscle mass),
the lens turns into thicker to focus on close by objects and
thinner to cognizance on distant gadgets.

5. Retina:-
The retina incorporates the cells
that sense mild (photoreceptors) and the blood vessels that
nourish them.
Macula:-
The most sensitive a part of the retina is a small vicinity referred
to as the macula, which has tens of millions of tightly packed
photoreceptors (the kind called cones). The excessive density of
cones within the macula makes the visible image distinctive,
just as a excessive
resolution virtual camera has greater megapixels.
Image Formation in eye:-
 Within the human eye, the distance among the lens and the
retina (imaging location) is fixed.
 The focal period needed to reap right focus is obtained with
the aid of varying the shape of the lens.
 The gap between the center of the lens and the retina
alongside the visual axis is about 17mm.
 The range of focal lengths is approximately 14mm to
17mm.
 The retinal photo is targeted typically on the vicinity of the
fovea. notion then takes location via
the relative excitation of mild receptors.
Brightness Adaption & Discrimination:-

6.  The range of light depth tiers to which the
human visible gadget can adapt is full-size – at the
order of 1010.
 Subjective brightness (intensity as perceived with the aid of
human visible gadget) is a logarithmic function of
the light depth incident on the attention.
 The human visible gadget can not perform over
the range simultaneously. instead, it accomplishes this
huge variation by way of changing its overall sensitivity. this
is known as brightness model.
 For any given set of situations, the modern-
day sensitivity degree of the visual
device is referred to as the brightness version stage.