english

1. Made by Navdeep Dhillon
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon

2.  He said to me, “I am going to the market”.
 Reported Verb - He said to me,
 Reported Speech – “I am going to the
market”.
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon

3. Reported Verb
 Direct Indirect
 Say Say
 Says Says
 Say to tell
 Says to tells
 Said said
 Said to told
 Will say will say
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon

4.  S O N ( In reported Verb)
 1 2 3 ( In reported speech)
 S - Subject
 O - Object
 N - No change
 1 - First Person (I and We)
 2 - 2nd Person (You)
 3 - 3rd Person ( rest of all)
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 4

5. Persons Subjective Possesive Objective
1st person I my me
we our us
2nd person you your you
3rd person she her her
he his him
it its it
they their them
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon

6.  Direct Indirect
 Now Then
 This That
 Yesterday the previous day
 Last week the previous week
 These those
 Here there
 Ago before
 Come go
 Today/Tonight that day
 Tomorrow the next day/the following day
 Next month the following month
 Hence thence
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon

7. If the Reported Verb of
direct speech in past form
then the Tense/Verb of
Reported speech of Indirect
speech changes.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 7

8. Direct change to Indirect
1. V1+s/es - V2
e.g.- He said, “They write notes.
He said that they wrote notes.
2. is/am/are - was/were
e.g.- He said to me, “My mother is cooking food”.
He told that his mother was cooking food.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 8

9. 3. Has/Have - Had
e.g.- He said, “You have finished your project”.
He said that I had finished my project.
4. V2 - Had + V3
e.g.- He said, “I went to Karnal”.
He said that he had gone to
Karnal.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 9

10. 5. was/were - had been
e.g.- He said to his friends, “I was playing in ground.
He told his friends that he had been playing in the
ground.
6. Will/Shall - would/should
Can - Could
May - Might
Must - Had to
e.g.- He said to me, “we must obey the laws our
country.
He told me that they had to obey the laws of their
country
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 10

11.  Said/Said to - asked
 Asked - asked
 Reported speech changes to Affirmative(SVO).
 Comma/Inverted comma replaced by
if/whether if question started by helping
verb.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 11

12.  If Reported speech starts with Wh-family
words [What,When,Where,How,whom,why
etc.] then comma and inverted comma
replaced by same Wh-family word.
e.g.- He said to me, “where are you going”.
He asked me where I am going.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 12

13. The
End
Made by Navdeep Dhillon
Made by Navdeep Dhillon
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