knowldge about vaccines types advantages and disadvantages

1. VACCINES
B.Navaneethakrishnan DR.R.SARANAYA
1ST M.SC [APPL MICROBIOLOGY] SACRED HEART COLLEGE TPT
SACRED HEART COLLEGE TPT [AUTONOMOUS] [AUTONOMOUS]

2. DEFINITION:
• Vaccine is a biological preparation to improve immunity to
particular disease.
• It is often made from weakened or killed forms of microbe.

3. SPECIFIC TYPES OF VACCINES
• DNA VACCINES.
• SUB UNIT VACCINES.
DNA VACCINES:
• 3rd Generation of vaccine made up of small circular piece of Bacterial DNA.
• It was originated in year 1983 by ENZO PAOLETTI and DENNIS PANICALI.
• EXAMPLES: MMR vaccine[ Measles,Mumps,Rubella]
vaccine, Cervical cancer etc .

4. ADVANTAGES OF DNA VACCINES
• Long term persistence of immunogenesity.
• Easy to development and production.
• No risk for infection.
• Refrigeration is not required for handling and storage.
• DNA vaccines induce protective Humoral and Cell mediate immunity.

5. DISADVANTAGES OF DNA VACCINES
• DNA vaccines may have a relatively poor immunogenisity.
• Insertion of forigen DNA into host genome may cause the cell become
cancerous.
• Risk of affecting genes controlling cell growth.
• Possibility of inducing of antibodies against DNA.

6. SUBUNIT VACCINES
DEFINITION:
• The vaccines that can be use against viruses.
• Vaccine that consist of specific, purified macromolecules derived from
pathogen is known as subunit vaccine.
• Current form of vaccine use> purified capsular.
> polysaccharides.
> In activated exo toxins. Etc.
. EXAMPLES: Hepatitis B vaccine, Acellular pertussis vaccines,
Pneumocococcal,HPV vaccine, Polysaccharide vaccines.etc

7. ADVANTAGES
• Safe for immuno compromised patients.
• Cannot cause any disease to the host.
• This vaccine appear to give life long immunity.

8. DISADVANTAGES OF SUB UNIT VACCINES
• Reduced immunogenicity compared to attenuated vaccines.
• Require adjuvants to improve immunogenesity.
• Can be difficult to isolate the specific antigens. Which will invoke
necessary immune response.

9. THANK YOU FOR
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