Teaching Sustainability (2010)

Teaching > Sustainability
Nathan Shedroff
2010
Thursday, August 26, 2010

Teaching > Sustainability
“If you’re not part of the
problem, you can’t be
a part of the solution”
—a friend of Adam Kahane

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
DESIGN

“DESIGN THINKING”
INTEGRATIVE THINKING”----
DESIGN PROCESS--------
MARKET ECONOMICS
“NEW BUSINESS:”
LEADERSHIP & COLLABORATION
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
SERVICE-ORIENTED
SYSTEMS THINKING
ECO/ENV ECONOMICS
STAKEHOLDER ENG.

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
DESIGN

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
MEANING
DESIGN

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
SYSTEMS
SERVICES
DESIGN

SUSTAINABILITY

FINANCIAL
SOCIAL
ECOLOGICAL
SUSTAINABILITY

FINANCIAL
SOCIAL
ECOLOGICAL
SUSTAINABILITY
CULTURAL

Challenges

Which is better?

Model of Sustainability:
Principles
Frameworks (models)
Tools
Strategies

Principles Frameworks Tools Strategies
Systems Thinking

Systems Thinking
• Parts & Wholes
• Stocks & Flows
• Centralization & Decentralization
• Competition & Cooperation
• Diversity = Resiliency

Systems Thinking
Multi-stakeholder Engagement

Systems Thinking
Multi-disciplinary Teamwork

Systems Thinking
Service/value-oriented

Systems Thinking
Service/value-oriented
Customer/user-oriented

Cradle to Cradle
The Natural Step™
Natural Capitalism
Living Principles
Holistic Management
ENVIRONMENT

Cradle to Cradle
The Natural Step™
Natural Capitalism
Living Principles
Holistic Management
SOCIETY

Cradle to Cradle
The Natural Step™
Natural Capitalism
Living Principles
Holistic Management
MARKET(S)

Natural Capitalism
The Natural Step™
Cradle to Cradle
Living Principles
Holistic Management
CULTURE(S)

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
Total Beauty™
Biomimicry (Design Spiral)
SROI/SIA
Sustainability Helix
Blended Value
Integrated Bottom Line
LASER Manual
Footprint Calculators
(water, carbon, etc.)
Stakeholder Analysis
SA 8000
CSR
ISO 50001
SOS (Blackburn)
Wheel of Change
City Climate Protection
Manual
Metrics (GDP, GPI, GNH,
GRI, SRI)
LEED
FASB redeﬁnition of Proﬁt
SCORE
Factor 4 and Factor 10
SHINGO
SIGMA

Life Cycle Assessment

Total Beauty™
Cyclic
Solar
Safe
Efﬁcient
Social

&

x10
: )

Biomimicry Design Spiral
Distill the design function
• Don’t ask “What do you want to design?”
• Instead, ask “What do you want your design to do?”
• Keep asking “Why do you want your design to do that?”
Translate to biology
• Identify the functions
• Ask “How does Nature do that
function?”
• Reframe the questions
• Define habitat conditions that
reflect design parameters
• Translate Life’s Principles into
design parameters
Discover natural models
• Go outside
• Consider both literal and metaphorical models
• Comb the literature
• Brainstorm with biologists
• Create a taxonomy of Life’s strategies
Emulate Nature’s
strategies
• Brainstorm multiple
solutions
• Refer back to the Discover
phase and consider chimera
designs
• Consult with biological experts
• Go back to your model and explore
more strategies
Evaluate your design against
Life’s principles
• Can your design adapt and evolve?
• Does your design create
conditions conducive to Life?
• How can you improve your
design?

Stage 0:
Unsustainable
“Business as Usual”
Stage 1:
Exploration
Stage 2:
Experimentation
Stage 3:
Leadership
Stage 4:
Restoration
High degree of organizational alignment
Stakeholders & CommunitiesGovernance and Management
Operations and Facilities
Design and Process Innovation
Human Resources and Corporate Culture
Marketing and Communications
Partnerships and Stakeholder Engagement

These are the major strategies:
Reduce
• Design for Use (Usability & Meaning)
• Dematerialization (Materials, Energy &
Transportation)
• Substitution (Materials & Energy)
• Localization
• Transmaterialization
• Informationalization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
iPhone

Reduce
Transportation)
• Localization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore

Reduce
Transportation)
• Localization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Herman Miller Mirra Chair

Reduce
Transportation)
• Localization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Interface Carpet Tiles

Reduce
Transportation)
• Localization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Zip Cars

Reduce
Transportation)
• Localization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
iTunes Music Store

Reduce
Transportation)
• Localization
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Architecture for Humanity
Open Architecture Network

Reduce
Reuse
• Design for Durability
• Design for Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Dyson Vacuum

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Artecnica tranSglass Vases

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Maille condiments

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
• Design for Disassembly
• Close the Loop
• Design for Effectiveness
Restore
Dyson Vacuum

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
• Close the Loop
Restore
Kalundborg, Denmark
Novo
Nordisk A/S
Lake
Tissø Kemira
Fish
Farms
Statoil A/S
Refinery
Sea
Water
Aalborg
Portland A/S
& Road
Paving
Crude Oil
Sludge Fish
Waste
Fuel
Gas
Gypsum
Condensate
Yeast Slurry
Steam
Water
Steam
Fly Ash
Treated
Water
Treated
Water
Sulfur
Fertilizer
Sludge
Coal
Noveren
I/S
Liquid FertilizerMisc. WasteCombustible
Waste
Novozymes
A/S
City of
Kalundborg
Glass,
Metal, &
Paper for
Recycling
Misc. Waste
Treated
Water
Compost
ASNÆS
Power
Station
BPB
GYPROC
A/S
Bioteknisk
Nordrens
Solirem A/S

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
• Close the Loop
Restore
Rickshaw Zero bag

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Restore
Alpine pennycress
(Thalaspi caerulescens)
Accumulates cadmium and
zinc

Pedagogy

Sustainability must be a core
program theme & value...
in every course...
... this isn’t optional

Learn by doing 1:
Evaluation Project

Barbie Autopsy:
46.0% Silicone (57.5 grams)
28.4% ABS (35.5 grams)
13.0% RM PVC (18.9 grams)
9.0% IM PVC (10.7 grams)
1.3% Saran/PVDC (2 grams)
.005% Water-based paint
Plus Accessories + PVC,
Polyester, Cardboard, Dyes
(64.9 grams)
Barbie Autopsy: Ingrid Dragotta, Jennifer Pechacek

Learn by doing 2:
Solution Project

Challenge students to
“move the needle”

Big Idea/ Panoramic After
not if.. or when... but how (beth)
Bike'Topia: Adam Dole, Beth Berrean, Henry Liu, Jason Hui, Sara Kozlowski, Ayano Hattori

Bike'Topia: Adam Dole, Beth Berrean, Henry Liu, Jason Hui, Sara Kozlowski, Ayano Hattori

Play Bank: Tim Bishop, Ingrid Dragotta, Jennifer Pechacek, Nicole Trautsch

Small Steps: Erin Jacobs, Erica Meade, Kathryn Hautanen, Kate Ranson-Walsh

BLVD: Jason Linder, Neil Straghalis, Kurt McCulloch, Anna Acquistapace, Danielle Zimmerman

Sustainable Shipping: Christie Wang, Samantha Wong, Susan Huang, Mon Vorratnchaiphan

Experience
(Sustainability)

Experience
(Design)

Resources

BUSINESS
DESIGN
Principles
Frameworks
Tools
Design Strategies:
• Dematerialization (Materials, Energy & Transportation)
• Localization
• Close the Loop
• Design for Systems
REDUCE
REUSE
RECYCLE
RESTORE
Systems Strategy Model:

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
DESIGN
Principles:
Systems Thinking
User-Centered focus:
User/Design Research
(Stakeholder Research)
Participatory Design
Experience Model
Meaning Model

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
DESIGN
Principles
Frameworks:
Genius Design
Waterfall Model
Spiral Model
Extreme Programming
Skunkworks
User-Centric
Activity-Centric
Hybrid Models
Strategic Innovation

SUSTAINABILITY
BUSINESS
DESIGN
Principles
Tools:
Deep Dive
Prototyping
Iteration
Need-Finding
Ethnographic Techniques
Critique
IDEO Human-Centered Design Toolkit, etc.

SUSTAINABILITYDESIGN
“NEW” BUSINESS
Principles:
Systems Thinking
Multidisciplinary Teamwork
Service to Users/Customers
Service Culture (throughout org)

“NEW” BUSINESS
Principles:
Frameworks:
Market Capitalism
Neo-classical Economics
Creative Destruction (Schumpeter)
Social Entrepreneurship

Principles
Tools:
Total Quality Management
Six Sigma
Stage Gate
SWOT
Doblin Value Model
Socially Responsible Investment
Taxes, Levies, Tariffs, etc.
Metrics: ROI, NPV, IRR, GNP, etc.
“NEW” BUSINESS

Systems Thinking
Customer Experience-Centered
Service-centered Natural Capitalism
The Natural Step™
Cradle to Cradle
The Living Principles
SUSTAINABILITY
TNS Resource Funnel
Biomimicry Spiral
LCA, etc.
Dematerialization,
D4Disassembly,
Localization,
Substitution,
D4Systems,
etc.
PRINCIPLES
FRAMEWORKS
TOOLS
STRATEGIES

Systems Thinking
Service-centered
Natural Capitalism
The Natural Step™
Cradle to Cradle
Market Capitalism
Porter
Value Chain
“Free Market”
BUSINESS
DESIGN
SUSTAINABILITY
Experience Model
Meaning Model
Prototyping
Critique
Iteration
IDEO HCD Toolkit
TNS Resource Funnel
Biomimicry Spiral
LCA, etc.
ROI, NPV/IRR,
GDP, SWOT, Stage Gate
Market Research
Doblin Value Model
Positioning
Segmentation
...
Dematerialization,
D4Disassembly,
Localization,
Substitution,
D4Systems,
etc.
Genius Design
Collaborative Design
PRINCIPLES
FRAMEWORKS
TOOLS
STRATEGIES

Systems Thinking
Service-centered
Natural Capitalism
The Natural Step™
Cradle to Cradle
Market Capitalism
Porter
Value Chain
“Free Market”
Democracy
Socialism
Totalitarianism
Social Contract
BUSINESS
DESIGN
ENGINEERING
SUSTAINABILITY
GOVERNMENT
Experience Model
Meaning Model
Prototyping
Critique
Iteration
IDEO HCD Toolkit
TNS Resource Funnel
Biomimicry Spiral
LCA, etc.
ROI, NPV/IRR,
GDP, SWOT, Stage Gate
Market Research
Doblin Value Model
Positioning
Segmentation
...
Voting
Policy
Bills
Regulation
Propoganda
Dematerialization,
D4Disassembly,
Localization,
Substitution,
D4Systems,
etc.
NGOS
Genius Design
Collaborative Design
Waterfall Model
Spiral/Agile Model
Hybrid Models
Charity Model
Social Entrepreneurship
Social Proﬁt
PRINCIPLES
FRAMEWORKS
TOOLS
STRATEGIES

Open Source Curriculum

nathan.com/thoughts

What’s next?

Consumerism is a Fail

Meaning
MEANING
VALUES
EMOTIONS
PRICE
FEATURES

Are art and design schools sustainable
(ﬁnancially or otherwise)?

Thank you

Teaching Sustainability (2010)

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