Turkey_AFAD_2016

HEALTH and
NUTRITION
SURVEY on
SYRIAN
CHILDREN and
WOMAN
in TURKEY
HEALTH and NUTRITION SURVEY on SYRIAN CHILDREN and WOMAN in TURKEY 2016

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* In this report, the word “guest” refers to Syrians under the “temporary protection status”
and
the word “camp” refers to the “temporary protection centers”.
HEALTH AND NUTRITION SURVEY
ON SYRIAN CHILDREN AND WOMAN IN TURKEY

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AFAD
EU
GDP
NGO
UN
UNHCR
UNICEF
USA
: Disaster and Emergency Management Authority
: European Union
: Gross Domestic Product
: Nongovernmental Organization
: United Nations
: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
: United Nations Children’s Fund
: United States of America
ABBREVATIONS

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FOREWORD
Syrians entering Turkey due to the domestic unrest are sheltered under the status of
"Temporary Protection" with an “open door policy”. Even though their status is tempo-
rary protection, we perceive them as our guests and treat them this way.
Entrance of Syrians into our country initially started with the admission of 252 Syrians
through the Cilvegözü Border Gate on April 29, 2011 and this is still continuing today.
In 10 provinces at 26 camps set up by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency
Management Authority (AFAD), nearly 265 thousand Syrians have been sheltered in
more than 5 years.
All coordination of the services including shelter, food, health, security, social activity,
education, worship, translation, communication, banking and others is performed by
AFAD with the close collaboration of concerned ministries, public institutions and or-
ganizations.
By means of the educational services provided, we are teaching the language of pea-
ce and wisdom rather than that of war to children victimized by the war.
Turkey has done its best for the peaceful solution of the incidents in Syria; and prima-
rily our distinguished
President Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN and Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM as well as all
our state officials have approached the Syrian issue with great sensitivity and have led
efforts to draw the attention of the international community to the tragedy in Syria.
However, the current state of affairs in Syria has reached an undesired extent. With the
“open-door policy” since the very first day, and none of the arriving Syrians have been
denied admission at our borders.
Our aid is not only limited to Syrians in our country, it is continuing in an uninterrupted
manner on the other side of the border. In order to deliver humanitarian aid to those in
need in Syria, we have been providing hot meals and humanitarian aid through the 12
Aid Acceptance Centers we have established on point-zero of the border comply with
the international law.
The Republic of Turkey is making efforts at extreme lengths so Syrian citizens staying
at our protection centers and our neighbors in Syria fighting for their lives can sustain
their lives.
In comparison to other countries, we are providing life quality far higher than the Uni-
ted Nations standards at each camp.
We are hosting approximately 2.75 million Syrians including those living out of camps.
On the other hand, the number of Syrian asylum seekers in 37 European countries, is
around 900 thousand.
Regarding to our expenditure to date for addressing the needs of our Syrian guests
has reached over 11 billion US Dollars. Out of this figure, unfortunately, the aid of the
international community has remained at only 462 million US Dollars.
The increase of foreign aid for our Syrian guests and sharing of such responsibilities is
necessary for the sustainability of the quality of our services at the camps and demons-
trating international solidarity.
Veysi KAYNAK
Deputy Prime Minster

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Our hope and expectation is that the domestic conflict in Syria will cease at once, the
problem will be politically solved in a peaceful manner, and people that have sought
refuge in other countries, including our country, will return to their homes safely.
AFAD has grown into a globally-acknowledged role model in services provided for
the Syrian guests in Turkey and has reinforced its operations with field surveys in an
effort to make the services more effective. This report presents findings based on
field survey carried out by AFAD in cooperation with UNICEF and WHO; with focus on
the adaptation of the Syrian guests to Turkey, healthcare and nutritional conditions,
future expectations and the impact of the war on the Syrian people. Providing details
of nearly 8 thousand people in 10 different cities, the survey will guide all the relevant
authorities, institutions and organizations.
With this opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to our President Recep
Tayyip ERDOĞAN and Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM; all our ministries, primarily the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, public institutions and organizations for their support and
confidence in our efforts to make our Syrian guests feel themselves at home, our Go-
vernorates and teams working in coordination with the AFAD, Provincial Directorates
of Disaster and Emergency, and all AFAD staff working around the clock, and also to
the project team prepared this book.
Veysi KAYNAK
Deputy Prime Minster

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PREFACE
Turkey is one of the prominent actors of the world and the region, and initiates and
leads efforts in extending a helping hand in disasters, emergencies, and humanitarian
tragedies under the coordination of the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Man-
agement Authority (AFAD).
That is the main reason why we considered standing by the people of neighboring
Syria during these rough times as an obligation. Our country has historic, cultural,
and neighborly ties with Syria, and we could not have acted indifferently to the calls for
help of our neighbors in need, and we did not.
We are sheltering Syrians fleeing their countries under the best conditions.
Our Syrian guests coming to our country since April 2011 are being hosted at 26
camps set up and managed by AFAD in 10 provinces.
We developed a substantially active and integrated system in order to perform
services in an efficient manner at camps. By means of this system, our education
activities and services at the camps are being performed in coordination with all the
relevant ministries, institutions, and organizations.
Furthermore, we are not only providing shelter and food to our Syrian guests; we
are also providing them all their humanitarian needs under the best conditions. İn this
content, we have implemented many projects to enable women and children, includ-
ing disabled Syrians to integrate into the society.
Some of our efforts include the Coordination of National and International Aid, Estab-
lishing Camps above the International Standards, the Camp Management System and
Standards, as well as project for those Syrians living out of camps namely, the AFAD Aid
Distribution System (EYDAS), Mobile Registration Coordination Centers, Prefabricated
Fully Equipped Hospitals and Schools.
At the camps we have constructed, the services we have provided, and the activities
we have performed are the pride of our country.
Efforts for registering Syrians living outside of the camps are still in progress with the
Electronic Aid Distribution System (EYDAS) developed by AFAD.
With this system, those in need and those wishing to make donations are gathered in
the same pool. By such means, demands and supplies are matched and the optimum
distribution of aid is achieved.
While providing services to Syrians both living in thecamps and living out of the
camps, we only have a single purpose: lending a helping hand to those in need. We have
no other intention or concern.
We are aware that the humanitarian crisis in Syria is at a climax, and we are striving
to ease the distress of people struggling with the unrest and starvation in Syria with the
services at our camps, and the aid distributed at point-zero on the border.
Syria had a population of around 20 million before the events broke out and now there
are around 8 million internally displaced people in need of humanitarian aid. Approxi-
mately 4.2 million Syrians had to flee to neighboring countries to escape.
Four-thirds of Syrians who had to flee consist of women and children. Among them,
more than 2 million children are struggling to sustain their lives under harsh condition-
Fuat OKTAY, PhD.
AFAD President

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No matter how late it is, it is necessary to seek a peaceful solution in Syria in order to
ensure that these people return to their country at once, and the international com-
munity has to assume a more active role in this humanitarian crisis.
The field survey, some of the findings are presented in this report, was carried out by
AFAD in cooperation with the UNICEF and WHO in an effort to see the bigger picture
for the profile of the Syrian people in Turkey. The survey was carried out by compil-
ing the details of 7,794 people as a part of interviews with 1,214 household heads
including 197 in camps and 1,017 in non-camps. The results of the survey presents
the profile of the Syrian people in Turkey, their behaviors and expectations, healthcare
and nutritional conditions which concerns the Turkish people as well. The major part
of the sample was selected out of the Syrians residing in urban areas to evaluate their
impact across Turkey. The survey was carried out in 10 days and in 10 cities (Adana,
Ankara, Gaziantep, Hatay, İstanbul, Kilis, Konya, Mardin, Mersin and Şanlıurfa) where
the Syrian people are highly populated. The topics of the survey, which was carried out
by the AFAD in cooperation with the UNICEF and WHO, were comprised of family de-
tails and demographics, nutritional, vaccinational and disease status of children aged
0 to 59 months, antropometric characteristics of adult females (ages between 15-49),
food resources and diversity, the impact of the civil war, adaptation to Turkey, shelter-
ing conditions and future expectations. The findings of the survey will be beneficial to
develop policies for the future of the Syrian people in Turkey.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank primarily our President Recep Tayyip
ERDOĞAN, Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM and Deputy Prime Minister Veysi KAYNAK
and all the relevant ministries, institutions, and organizations including UN agencies
based in Turkey for their support in our efforts for our Syrian brothers both staying in
and out of the camps and also our project team prepared this valuable book.
Fuat OKTAY, PhD.
AFAD President

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A. List of Maps, Figures, and Tables.........................................................................
B. Executive Summary...................................................................................................
C. Introduction
C1. About AFAD................................................................................................................
C2. About Syria.................................................................................................................
C3. About the Field Survey...............................................................................................
C4. About the Report........................................................................................................
C5. About the Camps........................................................................................................
1. Demographic Overview of Syrian Women and Children
1.1 Gender Distribution........................................................................................................................
1.2 Age Distribution of Women and Children................................................................................
1.3 The Degree of Kinship to the Household Head of Women................................................
1.4 Education Level and Occupations of Women.........................................................................
1.5 Marital Status of Women..............................................................................................................
1.6 Disability Status of Women and Children................................................................................
2. Health Conditions of Syrians in Turkey
2.1 Access to Health Services and Medication.............................................................................
2.2 Water Sanitation and Hygiene....................................................................................................
2.3 Need for Psychological Support.................................................................................................
2.4 Chronic Diseases............................................................................................................................
2.5 Vaccination........................................................................................................................................
2.6 Pregnancy and Birth......................................................................................................................
2.7 Pediatrics...........................................................................................................................................
3. Nutritional Conditions of Syrians in Turkey
3.1 Methods of Meeting Basic Nutritional Needs and Number of Meals.............................
3.2 Food Procurement Conditions....................................................................................................
3.3 Nutritional Variety and Storage..................................................................................................
3.4 Nutrition of Children ......................................................................................................................
D. Project Team Members...............................................................................................................
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*This report has been prepared by AFAD with support of UNICEF and contribution of British Government.
CONTENT

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A. List of Maps, Figures, and Tables
1. Demographic Overview of Syrian Women and Children in Turkey r
1.1 Gender Distribution
Figure 1.1.1 Distribution of Syrians in Turkey by Gender in Camp and Non-Camp Settings................................................................
Table 1.1.1 Gender Distribution of Syrians in Turkey by Province in Camp and Non-Camp Settings................................................
Figure 1.1.2 Distribution of Syrian Household Heads in Turkey by Gender in Camp and Non-Camp Settings .............................
1.2 Age Distribution of Women and Children
Figure 1.2.1 Age Distribution of Syrians in Turkey Based on Provinces and Genders............................................................................
Figure 1.2.2 Children-Adult Distribution in Provinces.........................................................................................................................................
Figure 1.2.3 Age Distribution of Syrian Women in Turkey, Camp and Non-camp Settings, Rural and Urban Areas..................
Figure 1.2.4 Age Distribution of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-camp Settings.....................................................................................
Table 1.2.1 Age Distribution of Syrian Women in Turkey Based on Provinces, Gender..........................................................................
1.3 The Degree of Kinship to the Household Head of Women
Table 1.3.1 The Degree of Kinship to the Household Head of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-camp Settings.............................
1.4 Education Level and Occupations of Women
Figure 1.4.1 Education Level Distribution of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-camp Settings (Ages 6 and Above)......................
Figure 1.4.2 Education Level Distribution of Syrian Women, Urban and Rural Areas (Ages 6 and Above).....................................
Table 1.4.1 Occupational Distribution of Syrian Women (Ages 15 and Above)..........................................................................................
1.5 Marital Status of Women
Figure 1.5.1 Marital Status Distribution of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-camp Settings (Ages 15 and Above).......................
Figure 1.5.2 Marital Status Distribution of Syrian Women, Urban and Rural Areas (Ages 15 and Above)......................................
Figure 1.5.3 Distribution of Marital Status of Syrian Women amongst Age Groups (Ages 13 and Above).....................................
Table 1.5.1 Distribution of Marital Status of Syrian Women amongst Educational Status Groups (Ages 15 and Above)..........
1.6 Disability Status of Women and Children
Figure 1.6.1 Disability Status of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-camp Settings.....................................................................................
Figure 1.6.2 Distribution of the Natures of Disabilities of Disabled Syrian Women, Camp and Non-camp Settings...................
Figure 1.6.3 Disability Status for Syrian Children, Camp and Non-camp Settings...................................................................................
Figure 1.6.4 Distribution of the Natures of Disabilities of Syrian Children with disabilities, Camp and Non-camp Settings.....
2. Health Conditions of Syrians in Turkey
2.1 Access to Health Services and Medication
Figure 2.1.1 Distribution of Places of Medical Care Application by Gender and Camp and Non-Camp Settings...................
Figure 2.1.2 Access of Syrians in Turkey to Medication by Gender in Camp Settings and Non-Camp Settings.....................
Table 2.1.1 Access of Syrians living in Non-Camp Settings to Medication by Provinces...............................................................
2.2 Water Sanitation and Hygiene
Figure 2.2.1 Sufficiency of Water Supply in Syrian Households by Gender in Camp Settings and Non-Camp Settings......
Figure 2.2.2 Sufficiency of Water Supply in Syrian Households by Urban and Rural Settings.....................................................
Table 2.2.1 Sufficiency Level of Water Supply in Syrian Households by Provinces..........................................................................
Figure 2.2.3 Water Challenges Encountered by Syrians by Camp Settings and Non-Camp Settings........................................
Figure 2.2.4 Access of Syrian Households to Sanitary Materials Such as Soap, etc. by Gender.................................................
Figure 2.2.5 Access of Syrian Households to Hygiene Materials by Gender in Camp Settings and Non-Camp Settings....
2.3 Need for Psychological Support
Figure 2.3.1 Sleep Disorders among Syrians Adults by Camp and Non-Camp Settings and Gender.......................................
Figure 2.3.2 Correlation between Time Spent by Syrians in Turkey and Sleep Disorders of Adults...........................................
Figure 2.3.3 Sleep Disorders among Syrians Children by Camp and Non-Camp Settings and Gender....................................
Figure 2.3.4 Correlation between Time Spent by Syrians in Turkey and Sleep Disorders of Children.......................................
Figure 2.3.5 Psychological Support Need of Families by Camp and Non-Camp Settings and Gender ....................................
Table 2.3.1 Psychological Support Needs of Syrian Family Members by Provinces.......................................................................
2.4 Chronic Diseases
Figure 2.4.1 Chronic Diseases amongst Syrians, Gender, Camp Setting and Non-Camp Settings............................................
Figure 2.4.2 Number of Patients with Chronic Diseases in Syrian Households, Gender...............................................................
Table 2.4.1 Chronic Diseases amongst Syrians Based on Provinces...................................................................................................
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2.5 Vaccination
Figure 2.5.1 Poliomyelitis Vaccination amongst Syrian Children (Ages 0-5), Camp and Non-Camp Settings.....................................
Figure 2.5.2 Countries where the Syrian Children Were Vaccinated Against Poliomyelitis (Ages 0-5)..................................................
Figure 2.5.3 Reasons for Non-vaccination against Poliomyelitis, Camp and Non-Camp Settings.........................................................
Figure 2.5.4 Means of Learning about the Poliomyelitis Campaign..................................................................................................................
Figure 2.5.5 Vaccination amongst Syrian Children against Measles (Ages 6 months – 15 years)...........................................................
Figure 2.5.6 Countries Where Syrian Children Were Vaccinated Against Measles (Ages 6m – 15yrs)...................................................
Figure 2.5.7 Pertussis and Pentavalent Vaccination of Syrian Infants (Ages 0-24 months), Camp and Non-Camp Settings.........
Figure 2.5.8 Countries Where Syrian Infants Received Pertussis and Pentavalent Vaccines (0-24 Months).......................................
Figure 2.5.9 Reasons of Non-Vaccinations of Syrian Children Living in Turkey............................................................................................
Figure 2.5.10 Vaccination amongst Women in the Reproductive Age Group (Ages 15-49) Against Tetanus.......................................
Figure 2.5.11 Tetanus Vaccination Status of Adult Women Based on Their Physiological Conditions...................................................
2.6 Pregnancy and Birth
Figure 2.6.1 Physiological Conditions of Adult Women in Reproductive Age Group, Camp and Non-Camp Settings.......................
Figure 2.6.2 Physiological Conditions of Women in the Reproductive Age Group, Urban and Rural Settings.....................................
Figure 2.6.3 Physiological Conditions of Women and Their Ferrous-Sulphate and Folic-Acid Medications Intake...........................
Figure 2.6.4 Births per Household since Arrival in Turkey, Camp and Non-Camp Settings, Urban and Rural Settings...................
Table 2.6.1 Presence of Women in Households Who Gave Birth since Arriving to Turkey Based on Provinces.................................
Figure 2.6.5 Years of Births in Turkey, Camp and Non-Camp Settings............................................................................................................
Figure 2.6.6 Places of Birth in Turkey, Camp and Non-Camp Settings............................................................................................................
2.7 Pediatrics
Figure 2.7.1 Diarrheal Cases Amongst Toddlers (0-59 months) in the Last Two Weeks...........................................................................
Figure 2.7.2 Diarrheal Cases amongst Toddlers (0-59 Months) in the Last Two Weeks, Gender............................................................
Figure 2.7.3 Complaints of Cough amongst Toddlers (0-59 Months) in the Last Two Weeks...................................................................
Figure 2.7.4 Fever amongst Toddlers (0-59 Months) in the Last Two Weeks, Camp and Non-Camp Settings, Gender..................
3. Nutritional Conditions of Syrians in Turkey
3.1 Methods of Meeting Basic Nutritional Needs and Number of Meals
Table 3.1.1 Methods Used by Syrians to Meet Their Basic Nutritional Needs, Camp Setting and Non-Camp Setting..............................
Figure 3.1.1 Number of Meals Consumed by Syrians on the Previous Day, Camp Setting and Non-Camp Setting.................................
Figure 3.1.2 Ability of the Syrian Households to Cook At Least Once a Day, Camp Setting and Non-Camp Setting.................................
Table 3.1.2 The Reasons for the Syrian Households’ Inability to Cook At Least Once a Day, Camp Setting and Non-Camp Setting..
3.2 Food Procurement Conditions
Figure 3.2.1 Whether the Households Had Enough Food or Money to Meet Their Nutritional Needs for the Past 7 Days.....................
Figure 3.2.1 Whether the Households Had Enough Food or Money to Meet Their Nutritional Needs for the Past 7 Days.....................
Table 3.2.1 Methods Utilized by Syrians Households When They Did Not Have Enough Food/Money..........................................................
Table 3.2.2 Frequency of Utilization of the Methods by the Syrian Households When They did not have Enough Food/Money..........
Table 3.2.3 Methods Used for Obtaining Income when Households did not Have Enough Food/Money, Camp Setting.........................
Table 3.2.4 Methods Used for Obtaining Income when Households did not Have Enough Food/Money, Non-Camp Setting...............
Figure 3.2.3 The Need for Food Aid, Camp and Non-Camp Settings..........................................................................................................................
3.3 Nutritional Variety and Storage
Table 3.3.1 Average Food Consumption in the Households in the Last Seven Days, Camp and Non-Camp Settings.............................
Table 3.3.2 Sources of Food Supply in Households in the Last Seven Days.............................................................................................................
Figure 3.3.1 Consumption of Canned Goods among Syrians and Types of canned Goods Consumed..........................................................
Figure 3.3.2 Food Stockage among Syrians, Camp and Non-Camp Settings, Gender........................................................................................
Figure 3.3.3 Average Numbers of Days Stocked Foods Can Be Sufficient...............................................................................................................
3.4 Nutrition of Children
Table 3.4.1 Foods Given to Children under the Age of Five, Camp and Non-Camp Settings..............................................................................
Table 3.4.2 Foods Given to Children under the Age of Five, Urban and Rural..........................................................................................................
Figure 3.4.1 Frequency of Eating of Children under the Age of Five except Breast Milk, Camp and Non-Camp Settings.......................
Figure 3.4.2 Frequency of Children under the Age of Five Receiving Food except Breast Milk, Urban and Rural......................................
Figure 3.4.3 Support of Vitamin A to Children under the Age of Five, Camp and Non-Camp Settings...........................................................
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B. Executive Summary
• It can be observed that numbers of male and female Syrians living in Turkey are
almost equal. Proportion of males is 50.1 percent while the proportion of females
is 49.9 percent.
• 78 percent of Syrian households are headed by males in Turkey while the remaining
22 percent of these households are headed by females.
• 54 percent of Syrians in Turkey are children. Adults are 46 percent. In other words,
more than half of Syrians are children.
• Syrian women in camp settings are younger than those in non-camp settings. The
average age for Syrian women in camp setting is 17,6 whereas the same average
for those in non-camp setting is 19,9. General average is 19.6. (Septemper 2014)
• For camp setting out of every 100 Syrian women;
8 are “babies of 0 – 1 ages”,
26 are “pre-school children of ages 2-6”
27 are “school children (7 – 18 ages)”
60 are “children (0 – 18 ages)“
36 are “working age group adults (19-54 ages)”
4 are “seniors (ages 55 and above)”.
• For non-camp settings, out of every 100 Syrian women;
5 are “babies of 0 – 1 ages”,
20 are “pre-school children of ages 2-6”
29 are “school children (7 – 18 ages)”
53 are “children (0 – 18 ages)“
43 are “working age group adults (19-54 ages)”
4 are “seniors (ages 55 and above)”.
• 28 percent, or almost a third are illiterate individuals. Syrian women who have not
received any education but who are literate are a little over 10 percent.
• Around 90 percent of Syrian women in Turkey do not have any occupations. In oth-
er words, almost nine tenth of Syrian women are not included in any occupation
groups.
• While a little more than 70 percent of Syrian women in Turkey are married, 21 per-
cent are single, around 6 percent are widowed and around 1 percent is divorced.
• 73 percent of Syrians apply to public health institutions when they need medical
care. In other words, almost three-fourth of Syrians living in Turkey apply to pub-
lic health institutions for medical care. The percentage of those preferring private/
charity clinics is slightly higher than 8 percent.
• Access to medication is more convenient in camp settings than it is in non-camp
settings. 72 percent of Syrians living in camp settings state that they can access to
medication when they need.
• 89 percent of Syrian have sufficient water supply in their houses. 11 percent of Syr-

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ians, on the other hand, state that they don't have sufficient water supply in their
houses.
• 78 percent of Syrian households living in Turkey have access to sanitary materials.
In other words, more than three-fourth of Syrians in Turkey can access to sanitary
materials.
• Nearly 37 percent of Syrian households report that they have adult household
member(s) who suffer from sleep disorders, fears and worries.
• Sleep disorders or worries among adults are more frequent in those households
who entered Turkey more recently.
• Nearly 23 percent of Syrian households report that they have child household
member(s) who is suffering from sleep disorders or fears.
• Slightly more than half of the Syrian household heads report that their family mem-
bers need psychological support.
• 82 percent of children aged 0-5 in camp setting are vaccinated against polio, while
18 percent are not. In non-camp setting 72 percent of children ages 0-5 in non-
camp setting are vaccinated whereas 28 percent are not.
• The primary reason of non-vaccination against poliomyelitis is communication dif-
ficulties with 30 percent.
• 55 percent, or more than half of the Syrian children in Turkey between ages of 6
months – 15 years have been vaccinated against measles.
• 47 percent of the infants (0 – 24 months) in Turkey are vaccinated against tetanus
and pertussis and have received pentavalent vaccines.
• 70 percent of Syrian adult women in the reproductive age group in general have
never been vaccinated against tetanus.
• 13 percent of adult women in the reproductive age group in Turkey are pregnant
and 21 percent of them are breastfeeding.
• 96 percent of Syrian women give birth in a hospital or clinic. A little more than 2 per-
cent report giving birth at home while almost 1 percent report giving birth in camp.
• Average number of meals consumed by the Syrians on the previous day is 2.57
for camp setting. On the other hand, average number of meals consumed by the
Syrians on the previous day is 2.64 for non-camp setting.
• 87 percent of the Syrians living in Turkey can cook at least once a day. In other
words, approximately one-ninth of the Syrian households are able to cook at least
once a day.
• 48 percent of the Syrian households in Turkey stated that they had enough food or
money to meet their nutritional needs for the past seven days.
• 83 percent of Syrians living in Turkey in need of food aid do not require it urgently. In
other words, the need for food aid of more than four fifths of Syrians living in Turkey
is not urgent.
• 41 percent of Syrian children under the age of five eat the foods consumed by
household. The percentage of children only drinking breast milk is a little more over
4 percent while those who consume baby food is slightly over 2 percent.

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Turkey ranks third in the world in terms of earthquake-related casualties and eighth
with regard to the total number of people affected. Every year, the country experiences
at least one 5+ magnitude earthquake – which renders the proper management and
coordination of disasters absolutely crucial.
Turkey's disaster policy dates back to the aftermath of the 1939 Erzincan earth-
quake, which claimed nearly 33,000 lives and left at least 100,000 injured. Two dec-
ades later, the Turkish Parliament adopted the Law on Precautions to be Taken due to
Disaster Affecting Public Life and Assistance to be Provided (No.7269) in order to fill
the long-existing legal void. The legislative effort on disaster continued with the 1988
by-Law on the Principles of the Organization and Planning of Emergency Assistance
Regarding Disasters.
The 1999 Marmara earthquake, however, marked the turning point in the area of
disaster management and coordination. This devastating disaster clearly demon-
strated the need to reform disaster management and compelled the country to es-
tablish a single government institution to single-handedly coordinate and exercise
legal authority in cases of disaster and emergencies. In line with this approach, the
Turkish Parliament passed Law No.5902 in 2009 to form the Disaster and Emergency
Management Authority (AFAD) under the Prime Ministry and abolish various agen-
cies under whose jurisdiction the issue previously fell.
On behalf of the Prime Minister of Turkey, Deputy Prime Minister oversees the activities
of the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority, an institution working to prevent
disasters and minimize disaster-related damages, plan and coordinate post-disaster re-
sponse, and promote cooperation among various government agencies.
In this regard, the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority introduced a
novel disaster management model which prioritizes Turkey's transition from crisis
management to risk management – which came to be known as the Integrated Dis-
aster Management System.
AFAD currently has 81 provincial branches across Turkey in addition to 11 search
and rescue units.
Notwithstanding its position as the sole authority on disasters and emergencies,
AFAD cooperates with a range of government institutions and non-governmental or-
ganizations depending on the nature and severity of individual cases.
Over the past five years, the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority suc-
cessfully coordinated to Turkey's response to a number of devastating earthquakes
and floods, among others, and helped survivors get their lives back on track. At the
international level, AFAD completed successful missions to provide humanitarian as-
sistance to nearly 50 countries around the globe. The agency currently runs a network
of 25 state-of-the-art refugee camps where over 260.000 people enjoy regular access
to housing, healthcare, education and psychological support.
AFAD remains committed to developing necessary strategies and serving people in
need at home and abroad.
C.INTRODUCTION
C1. About AFAD

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AFAD
in
5 CONTINENTS
more than
50 COUNTRIES

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C2. About Syria
The Syrian Arab Republic is located on the eastern shores of the
Mediterranean Sea and to the south of Turkey. Syria has an area of
185.6 thousand square kilometers. It is estimated that Syria’s total
population was 22.5 million as of 2012. The official language is Ar-
abic, and Damascus, with a population of 1.7 million is the capital.
Aleppo is the largest city with a population of 4.6 million.
Average life expectancy in Syria is 72 for males and 77 for fe-
males. Syria has an overwhelmingly young population. In 2012,
roughly 35% of the total population was aged under 15. The medi-
an age was 22.
According to data of the World Bank, the Gross Domestic Prod-
uct per capita was 3,289 US Dollars in 2012 (World Development
Indicators, 2013). Syria’s main exports are agricultural products
and oil.
17% of Syria’s workforce is employed in agriculture, 16% in in-
dustry, and 67% in the services sector.
The expenditure of the Republic of Turkey on the Syrian crisis
has reached over 11 billion US Dollars according to international
standards. Syria has been a member of the United Nations (UN)
since 24 October 1945.
SURİYE
T Ü R K İ Y E
C.INTRODUCTION
The expenditure
of the Republic of
Turkey on the Syrian
crisis has reached
over
11 billion USD

17
C3. About the Field Survey
This study is based on the results of the survey conducted
by AFAD and UNICEF. The main purpose of this survey is to
draw a health and nutritional profile of the Syrians who have
fled the internal conflicts and arrived Turkey. Besides, it aims
to determine the demographical structure, housing and liveli-
hood conditions, and future expectations.
Field survey for the study was completed between 1 Sep-
tember 2014 and 10 September 2014. It was conducted in five
provinces in camp settings and nine provinces in non-camp
settings.
Provinces with camp settings are Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin,
Şanlıurfa and Adana. Provinces without non-camp settings
are Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, İstanbul, Adana, Kilis,
Mersin and Konya. Total number of household heads inter-
viewed is 1,214. 197 household heads in camp settings and
1,017 household heads in non-camp settings were inter-
viewed. In camp setting; 53 household heads in Gaziantep, 36
in Hatay, 17 in Mardin, 66 in Şanlıurfa and 25 in Adana were
interviewed. In non-camp setting interviews, 264 household
heads in Gaziantep, 171 in Hatay, 141 in Mardin, 82 in Mardin,
82 in Şanlıurfa, 100 in İstanbul, 71 in Adana, 74 in Kilis, 64 in
Mersin and 49 in Konya were interviewed. With the help of
these household heads, demographic information on 7.794
people was obtained.
Provinces with camp setting are Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin,
Şanlıurfa and Adana. Provinces with non-camp settings are
Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, İstanbul, Adana, Kilis,
Mersin and Konya. Total number of household heads inter-
viewed is 1,214. 197 household heads in camp setting and
1,017 household heads in non-camp setting were inter-
viewed. In camp setting; 53 household heads in Gaziantep, 36
in Hatay, 17 in Mardin, 66 in Şanlıurfa and 25 in Adana were
interviewed. In non-camp setting interviews, 264 household
heads in Gaziantep, 171 in Hatay, 141 in Mardin, 82 in Mardin,
82 in Şanlıurfa, 100 in İstanbul, 71 in Adana, 74 in Kilis, 64 in
Mersin and 49 in Konya were interviewed. With the help of
these household heads, demographic information on 7,794
people was obtained.
The survey consisted of 90 questions. Interviews were con-
ducted face to face and 39 personnel in 9 teams obtained data
on the topics below:
• Family related data and demographic questions,
• Nutritional conditions, vaccination and illness status of
0 – 59 months old children
• Anthropometric measurements of adult women (ages
15 – 49)
• Nutrition source and diversity,
• Effects of internal conflicts,
• Adaptation to Turkey and housing conditions,
• Future expectations
An adult in the household (household head) replied our sur-
vey questions. The same person also provided information on
the other persons in the household.
Table C3.1 Sample Provinces and Sample Magnitudes Map C3.1 Sample Provinces on Map
Provinces Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Gaziantep 53 264 317
Hatay 36 171 207
Mardin 17 141 158
Sanliurfa 66 82 148
Istanbul - 100 100
Adana 25 71 96
Kilis - 74 74
Mersin - 64 64
Konya - 49 49
Total 197 1,017 1,214

18
C3. About the Field Survey
C.INTRODUCTION
Training Phase
Field Phase

19
C4. About the Report
The survey that provides a basis for this report covers Syri-
an guests living in camp and non-camp settings in numerous
provinces. This study is one of the most comprehensive and
detailed studies on Syrian guests in Turkey so far.
Based on the idea that certain characteristics of Syrians
in Turkey and their experiences in Turkey vary depending
on whether they live in camp or non-camp settings, a basic
distinction was made during data analysis between Syrian
guests living in camp settings and those who live in non-
camp settings. This distinction persists in commentaries, as
well. Moreover, particularly on health and nutrition parts, an
additional distinction between genders was also provided and
commented to the extent possible.
The report points out certain basic demographic data on
first the gender distribution, then on particularly women and
children in the related part. These demographic data criteria
are age distribution, marital status distribution, kinship to the
household head, educational and occupational status, and
disability status.
The next part in the report examines in detail the health
conditions of Syrians in Turkey. In this part, accesss to health
services and medicine, fresh water and hygiene, need for psy-
chological support, chronic diseases, vaccination status, preg-
nancy and birth data, and childen’s health are examined.
On the third part of the report, nutritional conditions and ac-
cess to food supplies of Syians in Turkey are examined. Food
sources and number of meals, food supply conditions, food
diversity, stock-piling and children’s nutrition are handled in
detail in this part.

20
C.INTRODUCTION
C5. About the Camps
Table C5.1 Temporary Protection Centres and Numbers of Syrians (12 May 2016)
Province
Name of Temporary
Protection Center
Type and Number of Sheltering Unit
Number of
Syrians
Total Number %
HATAY
Altınözü 1 Tent City 263 Compartment 1,375
18,580 7.1%
Altınözü 2 Tent City 622 Tent 3,094
Yayladağı 1 Tent City
236 Tent
2,749
310 Compartment
Yayladağı 2 Tent City 510 Tent 3,380
Apaydın Container City 1,181 Container 5,151
Güveççi Tent City 1,000 Tent 2,831
GAZİANTEP
İslahiye 1 Tent City 1,898 Tent 7,927
39,743 15.1%
İslahiye 2 Tent City 2,364 Compartment 9,390
Karkamış Tent City 1,686 Tent 7,140
Nizip 1 Tent City 1,858 Tent 10,457
Nizip 2 Container City 938 Container 4,829
ŞANLIURFA
Ceylanpınar Tent City 4,771 Tent 21,727
104,301 39.6%
Akçakale Tent City 5,000 Tent 29,782
Harran Container City 2,000 Container 13,818
Viranşehir Tent City 4,100 Tent 17,174
Suruç Tent City 7,000 Tent 21,800
KİLİS
Öncüpınar Container City 2,063 Container 10,281
33,215 12.6%Elbeyli Beşiriye Container
City
3,592 Container 22,934
MARDİN
Midyat Tent City 1,300 Tent 3,032
12,002 4.6%
Derik Tent City 2,100 Compartment 8,970
KAHRAMANMARAŞ Merkez Tent City 3,684 Tent 18,385 7.0%
OSMANİYE Cevdetiye Tent City 2,012 Tent 9,229 3.5%
ADIYAMAN Merkez Tent City 2,260 Tent 9,630 3.7%
ADANA Sarıçam Tent City 2,162 Tent 10,325 3.9%
MALATYA Beydağı Container City 2,083 Container 7,819 3.0%
Total
48,406 Tent/Compartment
263,229 100.0%11,857 Container
60,263 Total

21
Table C5.1, shows the numbers of Syrians in temporary
protection centres based on provinces and protection cen-
tres.
From an overall look, as of 12 May 2016, there are more
than 263 thousand Syrians in 26 temporary protection cen-
tres in 10 provinces. These protection centres house 48,406
tents and compartments, and 11,857 containers adding up to
a total of 60,263 sheltering units.
There are six protection centres in Hatay, five of which are
tent cities and one is a container city. The total number of
Syrians in this province is 18,580. Nearly 7 percent of the Syr-
ians in protection centres are in Hatay.
The total number of Syrians in Gaziantep is 39,743. This city
also houses 4 tent cities and a container city. Syrians in pro-
tection centres in Gaziantep are a little over 15 percent.
Amongst the ten provinces at hand, Şanlıurfa hosts the
highest number of Syrians. A total of 104.301 Syrians live in
protection centres made up of four tent cities and one con-
tainer city in Şanlıurfa. These numbers are roughly 39 per-
cent of total Syrians. In other words, nearly two fifths of the
Syrians in protection centres in Turkey live in Şanlıurfa.
There are two container cities in Kilis as well. The total
number of Syrians in this province is 33,215. Almost 13 per-
cent of Syrians in protection centres live in the ones in Kilis.
There are three tent cities in Mardin. One of them is Nusay-
bin. It has no guests so it is excluded from the table. The total
number of Syrian guests in protection centres in Mardin is
12,002. It is nearly 5 percent of total.
Of the other provinces that provide just one protection
centres, Kahramanmaraş houses 18,385 Syrians, Osmaniye
9,229, Adıyaman 9.630, Adana 10,325 and Malatya 7,819.
President of the Republic of Turkey, Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN

22
1. DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW OF
SYRIAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Figure 1.1.1 Distribution of Syrians in Turkey by Gender in Camp and Non-Camp Settings
Figure 1.1.1 shows the gender distribution of Syrians in Tur-
key by camp setting and non-camp setting. If we disregard
camp and non-camp setting distinction, it can be observed
that numbers of male and female Syrians living in Turkey are
almost equal. Proportion of males is 50.1 percent while the
proportion of females is 49.9 percent.
In camp settings, Syrian males constitute 48 percent and fe-
males constitute 52 percent while these proportions are quite
close to each other in non-camp settings.
While there isn't a significant difference between the pro-
portions of Syrians by gender in non-camp settings, it can be
observed that the number of females is higher than males in
camp settings. It is normal that the number of female Syrians
is higher in camps, where the sheltering conditions are better
and needs are met faster and easier when compared to non-
camp settings. As discussed in the upcoming sections, Syrian
women, most of whom have no profession, feel safe in camps
and can meet their basic needs such as sheltering, health and
security free of charge.
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Camp Setting Non-Camp Setting
FemaleMale
Gender Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Male 48.5% 50.4% 50.1%
Female 51.5% 49.6% 49.9%
Total Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total Number 1,091 6,579 7,670

23
Provinces
Grand Total
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Adana 57.7% 42.3% 100.0% 53.5% 46.5% 100.0% 7.8%
Gaziantep 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 50.1% 49.9% 100.0% 19.0%
Hatay 45.7% 54.3% 100.0% 50.7% 49.3% 100.0% 20.1%
İstanbul - - - 48.9% 51.1% 100.0% 7.6%
Kilis - - - 49.5% 50.5% 100.0% 8.4%
Konya - - - 49.7% 50.3% 100.0% 5.6%
Mardin 41.1% 58.9% 100.0% 51.3% 48.7% 100.0% 12.1%
Mersin - - - 51.2% 48.8% 100.0% 5.4%
Şanlıurfa 48.3% 51.7% 100.0% 49.4% 50.6% 100.0% 14.1%
Total Percentage 48.5% 51.5% 100.0% 50.4% 49.6% 100.0% 100.0%
Total Number 529 562 1,091 3,316 3,261 6,577 7,668
Table 1.1.1 Gender Distribution of Syrians in Turkey by Province in Camp and Non-Camp Settings
Table 1.1.1 shows the gender distribution of Syrians in Turkey
by provinces in camp and non-camp settings. The biggest gap
between gender proportions in camp settings is observed in
Mardin. In Mardin, 59 percent of Syrians are female while 41
percent are male in camp settings. Hatay is another province
featuring such a big gap in camps settings. 54 percent of Syr-
ians living in camp settings are female while the remaining
46 percent are male in Hatay. Proportion of Syrian females in
camps settings, which is 52 percent, is higher than the propor-
tion of males by 4 percent in Sanliurfa. Gender distribution of
Syrians living in camps in Gaziantep is equal. However, Adana
stands out for the dominance of male population. In Adana,
proportion of males is 58 percent while the proportion of fe-
males is 42 percent in camp settings. The only province where
male population is bigger in camp settings is Mardin among
Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin and Sanliurfa.
Considering the non-camp settings, Adana is again the
province with the highest male Syrian population. 53 percent
of Syrians living outside the camps are male while 47 percent
are female in Adana. In Mardin, Mersin and Hatay, 51 percent
of Syrians outside the camps are male while 49 percent are
female. The proportions of males and females in Kilis, Kon-
ya and Gaziantep are almost equal. Istanbul and Sanliurfa
are the two provinces where the female population outside
the camps is bigger than male population. In both provinces,
proportion of Syrian females outside the camp settings is 51
percent while the proportion of males is 49 percent.
In the light of this data, it can be seen that distribution of Syr-
ians in Turkey by gender is close to equal, except for several
provinces.
10 provinces
26 temporary protection
centers
more than
263 thousand
Syrians

24
Figure 1.1.2 Distribution of Syrian Household Heads in Turkey by Gender in Camp and Non-Camp Settings
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Male Female
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp
Setting
Gender of
Household Head
Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Male 76.6% 78.7% 78.3%
Female 23.4% 21.3% 21.7%
Total Number 197 1,017 1,214
Figure 1.1.2 shows the gender of Syrian household heads
in Turkey in camp and non-camp settings. Considering this
overview of household heads which also provides addition-
al information on the other members of households, it can
be seen that 78 percent of Syrian households are headed by
males in Turkey are male while the remaining 22 percent of
these households are headed by females.
The proportion of female head of Syrian households in
camp settings is higher by one notch when compared to those
in non-camp settings. 77 percent of the household heads in
camps are male while this proportion is 23 percent females.
On the other hand, the proportion of female household heads
outside the camps is 21 percent while the proportion of male
household heads is 79 percent for males.
The fact that proportion of female household heads in camp
settings, where the life is easier in terms of sheltering, liveli-
hood, health and basic needs, is higher than non-camp set-
tings indicates the convenience of living conditions in camp
settings.

25
Figure 1.2.1 Age Distribution of Syrians in Turkey Based on Provinces and Genders
Figure 1.2.1, shows the age distribution of Syrians in Tur-
key with gender distinctions based on provinces. The average
age does not present a significant difference between males
and females. The average age for males is 19,7 and 19,6 for
females.
Of the provinces handled in the study, Gaziantep houses the
youngest Syrians according to the average age data. The av-
erage age of Syrians in Gaziantep is 17.9. Following Gaziantep,
the average age increases respectively with 18.6 for Hatay,
19.2 for Şanlıurfa, 19.6 for Kilis, 19.7 for Adana, 19.8 for Mersin,
20.4 for Konya and 20.7 for Mardin. İstanbul houses the oldest
average age. The average age in İstanbul is 24, thus 5.5 years
older than the youngest population in Hatay.
There are not any significant differences between the aver-
age ages of Syrian men and women based on provinces, with
the exception of a couple. The average age for Syrian males in
Adana is 18.3 whereas it is 21.4 for females. The age difference
is striking. In the meanwhile, females are 1,5 years younger
than the males in Gaziantep with 17 and 18.8 average ages
respectively. Syrian females in Mardin and Mersin are also al-
most 1 year younger than males.
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Adana
Gaziantep
Hatay
İstanbul
Kilis
Konya
Mardin
Mersin
Şanlıurfa
FemaleMale
Province Male Female Total
Adana 18.3 21.4 19.7
Gaziantep 18.8 17.2 17.9
Hatay 17.8 19.4 18.6
İstanbul 24.5 23.5 24.0
Kilis 19.6 19.6 19.6
Konya 20.7 20.2 20.4
Mardin 21.4 20.1 20.7
Mersin 20.4 19.1 19.8
Şanlıurfa 19.4 19.0 19.2
Total 19.7 19.6 19.7
Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey, Binali YILDIRIM

26
Figure 1.2.2 Children-Adult Distribution in Provinces
Şanlıurfa
Mersin
Mardin
Konya
Kilis
İstanbul
Hatay
Gaziantep
Adana
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
AdultChildren
Province Children (0-18) Adult (19+) Total
Adana 55.1% 44.9% 100.0%
Gaziantep 54.4% 45.6% 100.0%
Hatay 57.3% 42.7% 100.0%
İstanbul 40.1% 59.9% 100.0%
Kilis 56.4% 43.6% 100.0%
Konya 51.7% 48.3% 100.0%
Mardin 54.3% 45.7% 100.0%
Mersin 53.8% 46.2% 100.0%
Şanlıurfa 57.2% 42.8% 100.0%
Total 54.3% 45.7% 100.0%
Figure 1.2.2, shows the adult and children distribution of Syr-
ians in Turkey based on provinces. Before analysing each prov-
ince, we should point out that 54 percent of Syrians in Turkey
are children. Adults are 46 percent. In other words, more than
half of Syrians are children.
From an overall look, the graphic part of the figure shows
that in all provinces but İstanbul, the number of children sur-
passes the number of adults. The previous figure also shows
that İstanbul has a higher average age. 40 percent of Syrians in
İstanbul are children and 60 percent are adults.
Proportionately, Hatay and Şanlıurfa house the highest num-
bers of children. 57 percent, or almost two thirds of Syrians in
Hatay and Şanlıurfa are children. The number of adults in these
provinces are around 43 percent, or two fifths.
Kilis comes next after Hatay and Şanlıurfa. Whereas 56 per-
cent of Syrians in Kilis are children, adults are around 44 per-
cent.
Adana also has a dense population of children. The Syrian
children in Adana make up 55 percent of total, while adults are
45 percent.
Next on the list are Gaziantep and Mardin. The number of Syr-
ian children in these provinces are a little over 54 percent and
the number of adults are almost 46 percent.
With the exception of İstanbul, the highest number of adults
is in Mersin. 46 percent of the Syrian population in Mersin are
adults, while children are 54 percent. Even in Mersin that has a
bigger population of adults compared to other provinces, the
children are still the majority.

27
Figure 1.2.3, shows the average of Syrian women in Turkey
based on camp and non-camp settings, and rural and urban
areas. Before detailing these distinctions, we should point
out that the average age of Syrian women in Turkey is 19.6. It
should be kept in mind that the field study was conducted in
September 2014.
When the average ages for camp and non-camp settings
are examined, it is clear that the Syrian women in camp set-
tings are younger than those in non-camp settings. The aver-
age age for Syrian women in camp setting is 17.6 whereas the
same average for those in non-camp setting is 19.9. There is
an age gap of more than two years between the two settings.
Between urban and rural areas, Syrian women in urban ar-
eas are older. Their average age is 19.9 while the average age
for Syrian women in rural areas is 18.8. There is a more than a
year age difference between two groups.
To sum up, Syrian women in non-camp settings and in ur-
ban areas are older than Syrian women in camp settings and
rural areas.
.
Figure 1.2.3 Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Femaleların Yaş Ortalamaları, Camp Setting ve Non-Camp Setting, Kent ve Kır
20,0
18,0
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
Camp
Setting
Camp/Non-Camp Setting Urban/Rural
UrbanGeneral
Average
Non-Camp
Setting
Rural
Camp/Non-Camp Setting
General
Average
Urban/Rural
Camp
Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Urban Rural
17.6 19.9 19.6 19.9 18.8
Deputy Prime Minister Veysi KAYNAK

28
Figure 1.2.4 Age Distribution of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-Camp Settings
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Age Group Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Aged 0-1 7.6% 4.5% 4.9%
Aged 2-6 25.7% 20.1% 20.8%
Aged 7-12 18.6% 16.7% 16.9%
Aged 13-18 8.4% 11.8% 11.4%
Aged 19-54 35.6% 43.0% 42.1%
Aged 55-64 2.4% 2.3% 2.3%
65 + 1.7% 1.6% 1.6%
Total Number 463 3,117 3,580
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp
Setting
0 - 1 2 - 6 7 - 12 13 - 18 19 - 54 55 - 64 65+

Figure 1.2.4, shows a general age distribution of Syrian women
in Turkey in camp and non-camp settings. Disregarding the camp
and non-camp setting distinction; 5 percent of Syrian women are
between 0-1 year, 21 percent between 2-6 years, 17 percent be-
tween 7-12 years, 11 percent between 13-18 years, 42 percent be-
tween 19-54 years, 2 percent 55-64 and another almost 2 percent
are 65 and above. Syrians below the age of 18, thus categorised as
children, are 54 percent.
8 percent of women in camp setting are babies between 0-1
years, while in non-camp settings this percentage is almost 5.
The numbers of female children between 2-6 ages in camp and
non-campsettingsarerespectively26and20percent.Thenumber
of female Syrian children between 7-12 years in camp settings is
around 19 percent and around 17 percent in non-camp settings. In
allthreegroups, thepercentagesforcampsettingsarehigherthan
thosefornon-campsettings.WhilethepercentageofSyrianwom-
enbetweentheages13-18isabove8percentincampsettings,itis
almost 12 percent in non-camp settings.
The number of Syrian women in working age group between
theages19-54is36percentincampsettingand43percentinnon-
camp setting. The number of Syrian women in working age group
is higher in non-camp settings.
The percentages of women between the ages 55-64 are close in
camp and non-camp settings. It is a little above 2 percent in both
settings.ThepercentagesofSyrianwomentheageof65andabove
are 1,7 and 1,6 for camp and non-camp settings respectively.
Women between the ages 7-18 are 28 percent. As the individ-
uals in this age group are still in the school age group, it could be
deduced that 3 out of 10 Syrian women in Turkey are in school age
group and should take a formal education.
The summary and analysis of the percentages in Figure 1.2.4
show that out of every 100 Syrian women in camp setting;
• 8 are “babies of 0 – 1 ages”,
• 26 are “pre-school children of ages 2-6”
• 27 are “school children (7 – 18 ages)”
• 60 are “children (0 – 18 ages)“
• 36 are “working age group adults (19-54 ages)”
• 4 are “seniors (ages 55 and above)”.
For non-camp settings, out of every 100 Syrian women;
• 5 are “babies of 0 – 1 ages”,
• 20 are “pre-school children of ages 2-6”
• 29 are “school children (7 – 18 ages)”
• 53 are “children (0 – 18 ages)“
• 43 are “working age group adults (19-54 ages)”
• 4 are “seniors (ages 55 and above)”.

29
Table 1.2.1 Age Distribution of Syrian Women in Turkey Based on Provinces, Gender
Provinces
Aged
0 - 1
Aged
2 - 6
Aged
7 - 12
Aged
13 - 18
Aged
19 - 54
Aged
55 - 64
Aged
65 +
Total
Adana 6.0% 18.0% 16.5% 9.4% 44.2% 5.6% 0.4% 100.0%
Gaziantep 8.8% 23.6% 14.3% 7.1% 45.8% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0%
Hatay 2.9% 22.4% 18.9% 11.3% 41.0% 2.1% 1.4% 100.0%
Istanbul 1.4% 6.2% 16.6% 17.6% 52.9% 3.1% 2.1% 100.0%
Kilis 4.8% 19.6% 19.0% 11.5% 41.1% 1.5% 2.4% 100.0%
Konya 7.8% 22.0% 13.8% 7.8% 42.7% 2.8% 3.2% 100.0%
Mardin 3.0% 21.5% 16.5% 16.5% 37.6% 3.0% 1.9% 100.0%
Mersin 4.4% 24.9% 15.1% 8.8% 43.9% 1.0% 2.0% 100.0%
Sanliurfa 6.3% 23.5% 17.7% 10.9% 36.8% 2.4% 2.4% 100.0%
Total 4.9% 20.8% 16.9% 11.4% 42.1% 2.3% 1.6% 100.0%
Table 1.2.1, examines the distribution of Syrian women in Turkey
based on sample provinces. 6 percent of Syrian women in Adana
arebetweentheages0-1,18percentbetween2-6years,17percent
are between 7-12 years, 9 percent are between 13-18 years, and 44
percentbetween19-54years.TheSyrianwomenofages55-64are
6 percent and those of ages 65 and above are around half a point.
9 percent of Syrian women in Gaziantep are between ages 0-1,
24 percent between 2-6 ages, 14 percent between 7-12 years, 7
percent between 13-18 years and 46 percent between 19-54 years.
ThepercentagesofSyrianwomenbetweentheages55-64,and65
and above are very low.
3percentofSyrianwomeninHatayarebetweentheages0-1,22
percent are between 2-6 years, 19 percent are between 7-12 years,
11 percent are between 13-18 years, and 41 percent are between
19-54years.Syrianwomenofages55-64are2percent,andSyrian
women of ages 65 and above are a little above 1 percent.
1 percent of Syrian women in İstanbul are between the ages 0-1,
6 percent of 2-6 years, 17 percent of 7-12 years, 18 percent are be-
tween 13-18 years and 53 percent are between 19-54 years. Syri-
an women of ages 55-64 are 3 percent, and those of ages 65 and
above are a little over 2 percent.
5 percent of Syrian women in Kilis are between the ages 0-1, 20
19-54 years. Around 2 percent are between the ages 55-64, and
65 and above.
8 percent of Syrian women in Konya are between 0-1 years, 22
19-54 years. Around 3 percent are between the ages 55-64, and
65 and above.
3 percent of Syrian women in Mardin are between 0-1 years, 22
women of ages 65 and above are around 2 percent.
4 percent of Syrian women in Mersin are between 0-1 years, 25
women of ages 65 and above are 2 percent.
6 percent of Syrian women in Şanlıurfa are between 0-1 years,
24 percent are between 2-6 years, 18 percent are between 7-12
years, 11 percent are between 13-18 years, and 37 percent are be-
tween 19-54 years. Around 2 percent are between the ages 55-64,
and 65 and above.
İstanbul stands out in the age distribution of female children of
schoolage(7-18years).34percentofSyrianwomeninİstanbulare
in school age. Mardin seconds İstanbul with 33 percent. Gaziantep
and Konya have relatively the smallest populations of school age
female children. 21 percent of Syrian women in Gaziantep are in
school age, while in Konya they are 22 percent.

30
1.3 The Degree of Kinship to the Household Head of Women
Table 1.3.1 The Degree of Kinship to the Household Head of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-Camp Settings
Kinship to Household Head Camp Setting Non-Camp Setting Total
Daughter 58.1% 44.8% 46.8%
Spouse 27.9% 28.0% 28.0%
Grandchild 1.3% 6.8% 6.0%
Daughter in Law 1.3% 5.1% 4.5%
Household Head 4.9% 2.6% 2.9%
Mother 2.7% 2.4% 2.5%
Sister 2.0% 2.2% 2.2%
Nephew 0.4% 2.2% 1.9%
Other Relatives or No Kinship 1.6% 5.8% 5.2%
Total Number 556 3,241 3,797
Table 1.3.1 shows the degrees of kinship of Syrian women to
the heads of the households they belong to based on camp and
non-camp settings. Without any kind of distinctions, 47 percent of
Syrian women in Turkey are daughters of the household heads,
28 percent are wives and 6 percent are granddaughters. 5 per-
cent are daughter-in-laws. Around 3 percent are the household
heads themselves. 3 percent are mothers, around 2 percent are
sisters and nieces. A little over 5 percent are either other relatives
or do not have any kinship to the household head at all.
58 percent of Syrian women in camp setting are daughters of
the household heads, and 28 percent are wives. Around 5 per-
cent of Syrian women in camp setting are the household heads.
3 percent are mothers, and 2 percent are sisters. A little over 1
percent are granddaughters and daughter-in-laws. The percent-
age of nieces is quite low. 2 percent of women in camp setting are
either other relatives or do not have any kinship to the household
head at all.
Non-camp settings hold a quite different profile than camp set-
tings. Around 45 percent of Syrian women in non-camp settings
are daughters of the household heads. 28 percent are wives, 7
percent are granddaughters. 5 percent of Syrian women in non-
camp settings are daughter-in-laws of the household heads.
Around 3 percent are the household heads themselves. Mothers,
sistersandniecesareallalittleabove2percenteach.6percentof
women in non-camp settings are either other relatives or do not
have any kinship to the household head at all.
If we define the unit of spouses and children as a “nuclear
family”, the distribution of household members of Syrian wom-
en in Turkey present great differences in camp and non-camp
settings. Statistically speaking, 86 percent of Syrian women in
camp settings are parts of nuclear families, and only 73 percent
in non-camp settings belong to nuclear families. Therefore, more
families in non-camp settings live with individuals who are not a
part of the nuclear family. In other words, Syrian households in
non-camp settings are bigger and more crowded. The number of
nieces, grandchildren, daughter-in-laws and sisters are higher in
non-camp settings than in camp settings.
Another deduction from this table is about the number of
household members. Since families tend to be nuclear families
in camp settings, the number of household members in camp
settings is lower than the number of household members in non-
camp settings. From a similar point of view, non-camp settings
have higher numbers of household members as they house dis-
tant relatives as well.
The last important detail in this chapter is the children popu-
lation in camp settings. Similar to the results in previous chap-
ters, this table also shows a relatively larger children population
in camp settings than in non-camp settings. While the percent-
age of daughters of household heads is 58 in camp settings, it is
around 45 percent in non-camp settings. According to the statis-
tics, the difference of 13 points between camp and non-camp set-
tings are filled in by other household members (daughter-in-law,
granddaughter, sister and niece).

32
Figure 1.4.1 Education Level Distribution of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-Camp Settings (Ages 6 and Above)
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Illiterate Literate Primary
School
Secondary
School
High
School
University
or Higher
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp
Setting
Education Level Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Illiterate 21.3% 28.8% 27.7%
Literate 13.3% 9.8% 10.3%
Primary School 44.2% 34.5% 35.9%
Secondary School 15.0% 17.0% 16.7%
High School 3.6% 6.6% 6.2%
University or Higher 2.7% 3.3% 3.2%
Total Number 414 2,478 2,892
Figure 1.4.1, examines the education levels of Syrian women
in camp and non-camp settings. It should be pointed out that
only Syrian women of ages 6 and above are taken into account
in this study. From an overall perspective, the education levels
of Syrian women in Turkey are not very high. 28 percent, or al-
most a third are illiterate individuals. Syrian women who have
not received any education but who are literate are a little over
10 percent. When these two categories are combined, it could
be deduced that 38 percent, or almost two fifths of Syrian wom-
en have never been to school. 36 percent of women are prima-
ry school graduates, 17 percent of women are middle school
graduates and a little over 6 percent are highschool graduates.
Only 3 percent have received at least a university level educa-
tion.
There are also differences between the education levels of
Syrian women in camp settings and in non-camp settings.
While 21 percent of Syrian women in camp settings are illit-
erate, a little over 13 percent have never received any educa-
tion but are literate. The total of these two groups are about 35
percent. In other words, more than a third of Syrian women in
camp settings have never been to school. 44 percent of women
in camp settings are primary school graduates, 15 percent are
middle school graduates and around 4 percent are highschool
graduates. A striking near 3 percent have received at least a
university level education.
In non-camp settings, 29 percent of women are illiterate. Al-
most 10 percent are literate, but have never been to school. If
these two groups are combined, 39 percent of Syrian women
in non-camp settings have never been to school. A striking 35
percent of Syrian women in non-camp settings are primary
school graduates. In other words, more than a third of Syrian
women in non-camp settings are primary school graduates. 17
percent are middle school graduates and 7 percent are high-
school graduates, while a little over 3 percent have received at
least a university level education.
The numbers of Syrian women who have received at least
a middle school education (middle school, highschool, univer-
sity and above) are different for camp and non-camp settings.
In camp settings, a little over 21 percent have received such an
education while in non-camp settings this figure is around 27
percent. In other words, a fifth of the Syrian women in camp
settings have received at least a middle school education
whereas more than a quarter in non-camp settings have this
level of education. From this point of view, it could be deduced
that the levels of education of women in non-camp settings are
higher than of those in camp settings.

33
Figure 1.4.2 Education Level Distribution of Syrian Women, Urban and Rural Areas (Ages 6 and Above)
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% RuralUrban
Eğitim Durumu Urban Rural Total
Illiterate 29.8% 21.6% 27.7%
Literate 10.9% 8.5% 10.3%
Primary School 32.8% 44.9% 35.9%
Secondary School 16.9% 16.1% 16.7%
High School 6.4% 5.7% 6.2%
University or Higher 3.2% 3.2% 3.2%
Total Number 2,152 740 2,892
Figure 1.4.2, examines the education levels of Syrian women
of ages 6 and above in Turkey with a distinction of urban and
rural areas. There are differences in education levels of Syrian
women living in urban and rural areas. While 30 percent of
Syrian women living in urban areas are illiterate, 11 percent
are literate but have never been to school. The total of these
two groups are around 41 percent. In other words, more than
two fifths of Syrian women in urban areas have never been
to school. 33 percent of women in urban areas are primary
school graduates, 17 are middle school graduates and more
than 6 percent are highschool graduates. Around 3 percent
have received at least a university level education.
Around 22 percent of women in rural areas are illiterate.
Almost 9 percent are literate but have never been to school.
A combination of these two groups shows that 30 percent of
Syrian women in rural areas have never been to school. A
striking 45 percent of Syrian women living in rural areas are
primary school graduates. In other words, almost half of the
Syrian women living in rural areas are primary school grad-
uates. 16 percent are middle school graduates, 6 percent are
highschool graduates and a little over 3 percent have received
at least a university level education.
The differences between urban and rural areas are more
notable than the differences between camp and non-camp
settings. For example, while in urban areas 41 percent of Syr-
ian women have never been to school, in rural areas it is only
30 percent. The 11 point difference is quite significant.
Illiterate Literate Primary
School
Secondary
School
High
School
University
or Higher

34
Table 1.4.1 Occupational Distribution of Syrian Women (Ages 15 and Above)
Occupational Group Percent Number
Manual Labor 2.9% 46
Craftsmanship 0.1% 1
Agriculture 0.8% 13
Civil Service 2.0% 32
Operator 0.2% 3
Office Worker 0.1% 1
Architect/Engineer/Construction Contractor 0.2% 3
Health Worker 0.4% 7
Writer/Artist 0.0% 0
Lawyer 0.1% 1
Other 3.7% 59
No Occupation 89.5% 1,415
Total Percentage 100.0% 1,581
Table 1.4.1, groups and examines the occupations of Syri-
an women in Turkey. The evaluations involve only age 15 and
above.
The first thing to point out in the table is the percentage of
women that hold no occupations. Around 90 percent of Syrian
women in Turkey do not have any occupations. In other words,
almost nine tenth of Syrian women are not included in any oc-
cupation groups. Almost 3 percent are manual labourers, and
2 percent work in civil service. Almost 1 percent works in ag-
riculture.
Table 1.4.1 clearly shows that unfortunately, a majority of
Syrian women do not have any occupations.

36
Figure 1.5.1 Marital Status Distribution of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-Camp Settings (Ages 15 and Above)
Divorced
Widowed
Single
Married
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp
Setting
Marital Status Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Married 67.2% 72.9% 70.4%
Single 27.9% 20.3% 21.4%
Widowed 4.5% 5.9% 5.7%
Divorced 0.3% 0.9% 0.8%
Total Number 308 1,820 2,128
Figure 1.5.1, crosses the marital status of Syrian women
with camp and non-camp settings. Only women of ages 15 and
above were taken into consideration in this process. Let us take
a look at the general marital status of Syrian women before the
crossing.
While a little more than 70 percent of Syrian women in Turkey
are married, 21 percent are single, around 6 percent are wid-
owed and around 1 percent is divorced.
There are differences between the marital status of women
in camp settings and non-camp settings. While 67 percent of
women in camp settings are married, around 73 percent are
married in non-camp settings. It is clear that the number of
married women in non-camp settings is higher than those in
camp settings. The number of single women, however, is high-
er in camp settings. While 28 percent of women in camp set-
tings are single, it is only 20 percent in non-camp settings.
Around 5 percent of women in camp settings are widowed,
and around 6 percent of them in non-camp settings. The num-
ber of divorced women is quite low for both camp and non-
camp settings.

37
Divorced
Widowed
Single
Married
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
RuralUrban
Marital Status Kent Rural Total
Married 72.7% 70.2% 70.4%
Single 20.3% 24.8% 21.4%
Widowed 6.0% 4.6% 5.7%
Divorced 1.0% 0.4% 0.8%
Total Number 1,587 541 2,128
Figure 1.5.2 Marital Status Distribution of Syrian Women, Urban and Rural Areas (Ages 15 and Above)
Figure 1.5.2, shows the marital status of Syrian women in
Turkey based on urban and rural areas. According to the figure,
73 percent of Syrian women living in urban areas in Turkey are
married, while it is around 70 percent for those in rural areas.
As for the singles, the number of single women in rural areas is
higher. 20 percent of women in urban areas, or in other words
a fifth, are single whereas in rural areas it is around 25 percent.
Number of widowed Syrian women is 6 percent in urban are-
as and around 5 percent in rural areas. Divorced women are
around 1 percent in urban areas and even lower in rural areas.

38
Figure 1.5.3 Distribution of Marital Status of Syrian Women amongst Age Groups (Ages 13 and Above)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
13 - 18 19 - 54 55 - 64 65+
Widowed DivorcedSingleMarried
Marital Status
Aged
13 - 18
Aged
19 - 54
Aged
55 - 64
Aged 65 or
Older
Married 19.9% 85.8% 59.8% 32.2%
Single 79.8% 9.8% 3.7% 5.1%
Widowed 0.0% 3.8% 31.7% 57.6%
Divorced 0.3% 0.5% 4.9% 5.1%
Total Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total Number 397 1,496 82 59
Figure 1.5.3, examines the distribution of marital status of
Syrian women of ages 13 and above amongst age groups. 20
percent of Syrian women of ages 13-18 are married while al-
most 80 percent are single. The number of widowed or divorced
women for this age group is quite low.
A large group of 86 percent of women of ages 19-54 is mar-
ried while around 10 percent are single. Around 4 percent are
widowed and less than 1 percent is divorced.
60 percent of Syrian women of ages 55-64, or in other words
two thirds, are married while around 4 percent are single. Al-
most 32 percent are widowed and 5 percent are divorced.
32 percent of women of ages 65 and above are married. In
other words, almost a third of Syrian women of ages 65 and
above are married. 5 percent are single, 58 percent are wid-
owed. A little over 5 percent are divorced.
It is clear that as of 19-54 years, the number of married wom-
en decreases while the number of widowers and divorcées in-
creases.

39
Table 1.5.1 Distribution of Marital Status of Syrian Women amongst Educational Status Groups (Ages 15 and Above)
Marital Status Illiterate Literate Primary School Secondary Shcool High School Higher Education
Married 66.0% 78.0% 82.0% 76.3% 64.7% 75.6%
Single 18.0% 16.1% 13.9% 20.4% 31.8% 23.3%
Widowed 13.7% 5.4% 3.7% 3.4% 1.8% 1.1%
Divorced 2.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0%
Total Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total Number 483 205 671 388 170 90
Table 1.5.1, crosses the marital status of Syrian women of
ages 15 and above with their educational status.
Around 66 percent of illiterate Syrian women are married,
while 18 percent are single. Widowed women are around 14
percent and a little over 2 percent is divorced. The highest fig-
ures of widowers and divorcées are amongst illiterate groups.
78 percent of literate women who have never been to school
are married. 16 percent of them are single, 5 percent are wid-
owed, and only less than 1 percent is divorced.
82 percent of primary school graduate women, or in other
words eight tenth, are married. This percentage of married
women is the highest for all educational status groups. 14 per-
cent of them are single, and 4 percent are widowed. Divorced
women have a quite low percentage in this group.
76 percent of middle school graduate women are married. 20
percent are single, and 3 percent are widowed. The percentage
of divorced women is again, quite low.
65 percent, so almost two thirds of high school graduate
women are married while 32 percent are single. The highest
figure for single women is amongst this educational status
group. Widowed and divorced women are both around 2 per-
cent.
76 percent of women who have received at least a university
level education are married. 23 percent are single, and 1 percent
is widowed. The percentage of divorced women is quite low.

40
1.6 Disability Status of Women and Children
Figure 1.6.1 Disability Status of Syrian Women, Camp and Non-Camp Settings
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
DisabledNot
Disabled
Disability Status Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Not Disabled 97.9% 98.1% 98.1%
Disabled 2.1% 1.9% 1.9%
Total Number 562 3,262 3,824
Figure 1.6.1, examines the disability status of Syrian women
in Turkey based on camp and non-camp settings. Let us ex-
amine the disability status of Syrian women in Turkey before
making such a distinction.
98 percent of Syrian women in Turkey are not disabled, yet 2
percent are disabled.
There are not any significant differences between camp and
non-camp settings for disability status. It is 2 percent disabled
and 98 percent not disabled for both camp and non-camp set-
tings.

41
Figure 1.6.2 Distribution of the Natures of Disabilities of Disabled Syrian Women, Camp and Non-Camp Settings
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Nature of
Disability
Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Physically Impaired 33.3% 59.7% 55.4%
Hearing Impaired 0.0% 22.6% 18.9%
Mentally Impaired 41.7% 9.7% 14.9%
Visually Impaired 25.0% 8.1% 10.8%
Total Number 12 62 74
Mentally VisuallyHearingPhysically
Figure 1.6.2, shows the natures of disabilities of the Syrian
women with disabilities in Turkey based on camp and non-
camp settings. Before making this distinction, let us examine
the overall distribution of natures of disabilities. 55 percent
of Syrian women with disabilities are physically impaired. In
other words, more than half of Syrian women with disabili-
ties have a physically impairment. 19 percent are hearing im-
paired, 15 percent are mentally impaired and 11 percent are
visually impaired.
33 percent, or a third of women with disabilities in camp set-
ting are physically impaired while 42 are mentally impaired
and 25 are visually impaired. While evaluating these percent-
ages, it should be kept in mind that the number of samples (12)
is relatively lower.
60 percent of women with disabilities in non-camp setting
are physically impaired. This percentage is around three fifths.
23 percent are hearing impaired, 10 percent are mentally im-
paired and 8 percent are visually impaired.

42
1.6 Female ve Çocukların Engellilik Durumu
Figure 1.6.3 Disability Status for Syrian Children, Camp and Non-Camp Settings
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
DisabledNot
Disabled
Disability Status Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Not Disabled 97.9% 98.6% 98.5%
Disabled 2.1% 1.4% 1.5%
Total Number 562 3,262 3,824
Figure 1.6.3, examines the disability status of Syrian chil-
dren in Turkey based on camp and non-camp settings. Before
making such a distinction, let us evaluate the overall disability
status of Syrian children in Turkey.
99 percent of Syrian children in Turkey are not disabled, but
a little over 1 percent are disabled.
Although the difference between the disability status of chil-
dren in camp and non-camp settings is not significant, it is
still clear that the number of children with disabilities in camp
settings is higher. Based on these statistics, 98 percent of chil-
dren in camp settings, and 99 percent in non-camp settings
are not disabled. Accordingly, 2 percent of children in camp
setting, and a little over 1 percent of children in non-camp set-
ting are disabled.

43
Figure 1.6.4 Distribution of the Natures of Disabilities of Syrian Children with disabilities, Camp and Non-Camp Settings
Nature of
Disability
Camp Setting
Non-Camp
Setting
Total
Physically Impaired 27.3% 72.9% 64.4%
Hearing Impaired 45.5% 12.5% 18.6%
Mentally Impaired 18.2% 10.4% 11.9%
Visually Impaired 9.1% 4.2% 5.1%
Total Number 11 48 59
Non-Camp
Setting
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Camp Setting
Figure 1.6.4, shows the natures of disabilities of the Syrian
children with disabilities in Turkey based on camp and non-
camp settings. Before making this distinction, let us examine
the overall distribution of natures of disabilities. 64 percent of
Syrian children with disabilities are physically impaired. In oth-
er words, almost two thirds of the Syrian children with disabil-
ities are physically impaired. 19 percent are hearing impaired,
12 percent are mentally impaired and 5 percent are visually
impaired.
27 percent of children with disabilities in camp settings, or
almost a third, are physically impared. 45 percent are mentally
impaired, and 18 percent are visually impaired. Around 9 per-
cent are hearing impaired. While evaluating these percentag-
es, it should be kept in mind that the number of individuals in
samples (11) is relatively lower.
73 percent of children with disabilities in non-camp set-
tings are physically impaired. This percentage is close to three
quarters. 13 percent are mentally impaired, 10 percent are vis-
ually impaired and 4 percent are hearing impaired.
Mentally VisuallyHearingPhysically

44
2. HEALTH CONDITIONS OF
SYRIANS IN TURKEY
Figure 2.1.1 Distribution of Places of Medical Care Application by Gender and Camp and Non-Camp Settings
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Public Health
Institution
Private/Charity
Clinic
Pharmacy Prefers to Take
Medicine
Receives No
Medical Care
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp
Setting
Place of Medical Care Application
Grand Total
Public Health Institution 96.6% 84.8% 93.8% 74.0% 51.2% 69.1% 73.1%
Private/Charity Clinic 0.7% 15.2% 4.1% 8.6% 11.2% 9.1% 8.3%
Pharmacy 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.5% 1.5% 1.2%
Prefers to Take Medicine 1.3% 0.0% 1.0% 1.3% 0.5% 1.1% 1.1%
Receives No Medical Care 1.3% 0.0% 1.0% 14.4% 36.7% 19.2% 16.2%
Total Number 149 46 195 791 215 1,006 1,201
Figure 2.1.1 indicates the places of medical care application
submitted by Syrians living in Turkey by gender and camp and
non-camp settings. When we look into the places where Syri-
ans applied for medical care disregarding the disaggregation,
we can see that 73% of Syrians apply to public health insti-
tutions when they need medical care. In other words, almost
three-fourth of Syrians living in Turkey apply to public health
institutions for medical care. The percentage of those preferring
private/charity clinics is slightly higher than 8%. Another place
applied for medical care is pharmacies. 1% of Syrians living in
Turkey apply to pharmacies for medical care while another 1%
report that they prefer to take medicine when they need medi-
cal care. Percentage of those who state that they do not receive
medical care is 16%.
Access to health services is much more convenient for Syrians
living in camp settings than for those living in non-camp settings.
This convenience is also reflected on the figures. The percentage
of Syrians who apply to public health institutions for medical care
is 94% in camp settings and 69% in non-camp settings. Further-
more, the percentage of Syrians who apply to private/charity
clinics for medical care is 4% in camp settings and 9% in non-
camp settings.
Regarding both camp and non-camp settings, male Syrian
household heads apply to public health institutions more often.
97% of males in camp settings apply to public health institutions
while this percentage is 85% for females. Similarly, 74% of males
in non-camp settings apply to public health institutions while this
percentage is 51% for females.
The percentage of those who report that they don't receive
medical care is 1% in camp settings and 19% in non-camp set-
tings. These high percentages are notable especially for females
living in non-camp settings. 37% of females living in non-camp
settings report that they don't receive medical care. This rate is
14% for males.
Syrians who don't receive medical care were also asked for its
reasons. Majority of the Syrians who don't receive medical care
state that they don't get ill or simply don't feel a need for medical

45
care. Other reasons are related to ID or registration issues. It is
very difficult for unregistered Syrians to benefit health services
in addition to other types of services. They need to be registered
to be able to benefit health services and to ensure functionality of
monitoring mechanisms. Another reason asserted for failure to
benefit health services is communication. Part of Syrians report
that they don't receive medical care because of communication
problems, or simply because of language barriers.

46
Figure 2.1.2 indicates whether Syrians living in Turkey face
challenges in access to medication or not by gender and camp
and non-camp settings. In general terms, 56% of Syrians living in
Turkey face challenges in access to medication. In other words,
more than half of the Syrians living in Turkey find it difficult to
access to medication.
Access to medication is more convenient in camp settings than
it is in non-camp settings. 72% of Syrians living in camp settings
state that they can access to medication when they need. The
percentage of those reporting challenges in access to medication
is 28%. In other words, one-fourth of Syrians living in camp set-
tings face challenges in access to medication.
Access to medication in non-camp settings is more conven-
ient than in non-camp settings. 62% Syrians living in non-camp
settings report that they face challenges in access to medication.
The proportion of those who can access to medication in case of
need is about 38%.
Male Syrians, in both camp and non-cam settings, face less
challenges in access to medication. 76% of males in camp set-
tings and 41% of males in non-camp settings can access to med-
ication when they need. These percentages for females are low-
er. 59% of females in camp settings and only 28% of females in
non-camp settings report that they face no challenges in access
to medication. In other words, about one-third of Syrian females
living in non-camp settings do not face challenges in access to
medication.
38+62+K72+28+K
Figure 2.1.2 Access of Syrians in Turkey to Medication by Gender in Camp Settings and Non-Camp Settings
Existence of Challenges in
Access to Medication
Grand Total
No 76.4% 59.1% 72.4% 41.0% 28.0% 38.2% 43.8%
Yes 23.6% 40.9% 27.6% 59.0% 72.0% 61.8% 56.2%
Total Number 148 44 192 768 214 982 1,174
YesNo
72.4%
No
61.8%
Yes
27.6%
Yes
38.2%
No
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp
Setting
SYRIANS IN TURKEY

47
Table 2.1.1 Access of Syrians living in Non-Camp Settings to Medication by Provinces
Provinces
Access to Medication is
NOT a Challenge
Access to Medication is a
Challenge
Total Percentage Total Number
Adana 47.8% 52.2% 100.0% 67
Gaziantep 41.5% 58.5% 100.0% 260
Hatay 13.2% 86.8% 100.0% 167
Istanbul 42.0% 58.0% 100.0% 88
Kilis 17.8% 82.2% 100.0% 73
Konya 24.5% 75.5% 100.0% 49
Mardin 76.9% 23.1% 100.0% 134
Mersin 31.7% 68.3% 100.0% 63
Sanliurfa 33.8% 66.3% 100.0% 80
Total 38.2% 61.8% 100.0% 981
Table 2.1.1 indicates access of Syrians living in non-camp set-
tings in Turkey to medication by provinces.
According to the figures indicated in Table 2.1.1 (and also in Fig-
ure 2.1.2) 38% of Syrians living in non-camp settings do not face
any challenge in access to medication, the rate of those who face
challenges in this regard is 62%.
Analyzed on the basis of provinces, it is seen that Syrians living
in Mardin have the most convenient access to medication among
Syrians living in non-camp settings. 77% of Syrians living in non-
camp settings in Mardin state that they can access to medication
when they need. In other words, more than three-fourth of Syr-
ians living in non-camp settings in Mardin don't face any chal-
lenge in access to medication. The percentage of those who face
challenges in this regard is nearly 23%.
Mardin is followed by Adana by 48%. Almost half of the Syrians
living in non-camp settings in Adana don't face any challenge in
access to medication while slightly more than half state that they
experience difficulties in access to medication.
Percentage of those living in non-camp settings who don't face
any challenge in access to medication in Istanbul and Gaziant-
ep is 42% while about 58% don't face challenges in this regard.
The proportion of those who don't face any challenge in access
to medication in these two cities is two-fifth. Among the Syrians
living in non-camp settings, the percentages of those who face
challenges in access to medication are 66% in Sanliurfa, 68% in
Mersin, 76% in Konya, 82% in Kilis and 87% in Hatay. The high
rates especially in Hatay and Kilis are notable. More than eight-
tenth of Syrians living in non-camp settings in Hatay almost nine-
tenth in Kilis face challenges in access to medication.
AFAD President PhD. Fuat OKTAY

48
Figure 2.2.1 Sufficiency of Water Supply in Syrian Households by Gender in Camp Settings and Non-Camp Settings
Non-Camp
Setting
Camp Setting
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
NoYes
Sufficiency of Water Supply in
Households
Grand Total
Sufficient 88.6% 88.4% 88.5% 87.8% 92.9% 88.9% 88.8%
Not Sufficient 11.4% 11.6% 11.5% 12.2% 7.1% 11.1% 11.2%
Total Number 149 43 192 777 212 989 1,181
Figure 2.2.1 indicates availability status of sufficient water
supply in Syrian households in Turkey by camp and non-camp
settings. In general terms, 89% of Syrian have sufficient water
supply in their houses. 11% of Syrians, on the other hand, state
that they don't have sufficient water supply in their houses.
There are no significant disparities between camp and non-
camp settings in terms of access to water. About 89% of Syrians
living in both camp and non-camp settings report that their wa-
ter supplies in their houses are sufficient. In other words, almost
nine-tenth of Syrians living in both camp and non-camp settings
have sufficient water supply in their houses.
While there are no significant differences in terms of gender
of household heads in camp settings, sufficiency level of water
supply for male household heads living in non-camp settings is
lower than that of female household heads. 12% males living in
non-camp settings consider their water supplies in their houses
insufficient while this rate is 7% for females.
SYRIANS IN TURKEY

49
Figure 2.2.2 Sufficiency of Water Supply in Syrian Households by Urban and Rural Settings
NoYes
Figure 2.2.2 indicates availability status of sufficient water sup-
ply for Syrian households in Turkey on the basis of disaggrega-
tion by urban and rural settings. 91% or in other words, more
than nine-tenth of Syrian households in urban settings report
that they have sufficient water supply for their houses while this
rate is 84% in rural settings. Considering this 7% difference, it can
be said that Syrians living in urban settings have better access to
water than those living in rural settings do.
Although it isn't indicated in the Figure 2.2.2, it should be noted
that there are no significant disparities in terms of sufficiency of
water supply for male and female household heads in urban and
rural settings.
Sufficiency of Water
Supply in Houses
Urban Rural Total
Yes 90.6% 83.9% 88.8%
No 9.4% 16.1% 11.2%
Total Number 870 311 1,181
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Urban Rural

50
Table 2.2.1 Sufficiency Level of Water Supply in Syrian Households by Provinces
Provinces Sufficient Not Sufficient Total Percentage Total Number
Adana 93.3% 6.7% 100.0% 89
Gaziantep 97.8% 2.2% 100.0% 312
Hatay 76.9% 23.1% 100.0% 195
Istanbul 92.8% 7.2% 100.0% 97
Kilis 64.4% 35.6% 100.0% 73
Konya 95.9% 4.1% 100.0% 49
Mardin 81.5% 18.5% 100.0% 157
Mersin 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 62
Sanliurfa 93.2% 6.8% 100.0% 146
Total 88.8% 11.2% 100.0% 1,180
Table 2.2.1 indicates the sufficiency level of water supply in Syr-
ian houses in Turkey by province. As it can be seen in Figure 2.2.1,
differences regarding the sufficiency of water supplies between
camp and non-camp settings are too small, thus Table 2.2.1 is
evaluated only on the basis of total figures.
Mersin ranks first in terms of sufficiency of water supply among
other cities. All of the respondents involved in the survey state that
their water supplies in their houses are sufficient. In other saying,
all of the Syrians living in Mersin consider water supply in their
houses adequate.
MersinisfollowedbyGaziantepby98%.Only2%ofSyriansliving
in Gaziantep consider water supplies in their houses insufficient.
Another city with a very high percentage is Konya. About 96% of
Syrians living in Konya consider water supply in their houses suf-
ficient. Konya is followed by Adana, Sanliurfa and Istanbul respec-
tively. Sufficiency level of water supply in Syrian houses is about
93% in all three cities. 7% of Syrians living in these three cities con-
sider their water supply insufficient.
Inspiteoftheserelativehighproportions,Mardin,HatayandKilis
stand out for their low percentages in this regard. 82%, or in other
words, more than eight-tenth of Syrians living in Mardin consider
their water supplies in houses sufficient. 18%, on the other hand,
don't find it sufficient. Mardin is followed by Hatay by 77% and Kilis
by 64%. Proportion of those who find their water supply in houses
insufficient in these cities are 23% and 36% respectively.
SYRIANS IN TURKEY

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