Glorious Revolution Presentation.

1. The Glorious Revolution
1688-1689

2. What was the Glorious Revolution?
 It was the replacement of the reigning
king, James II, with the joint monarchy
of his protestant daughter Mary and her
Dutch husband, William of Orange.

3. Causes
 After the accession of
James II in 1685, his overt
Roman Catholicism
alienated the majority of
the population.
 In 1687 he issued a
Declaration of Indulgence,
suspending the penal laws
against dissenters and
recusants.
James II

4. Causes
 In April 1688, James II re-
issued the Declaration of
Indulgence and ordered all
clergymen to read it in
their churches.
 Archbishop of Canterbury,
William Sancroft, and six
other bishops were
imprisoned when
protested its illegality .
 Later, at trial they were
acquitted to the cheers of
the London crowd.
The seven bishops

5. Causes
 Mary, James’s daughter by
his first wife, Anne Hyde,
was a Protestant, married
to William, the Protestant
Prince of Orange.
 This couple, were to be
James’s successors on the
throne.
 England’s Protestant
majority were satisfied
about their future in the
hands of William and
Mary.
James II’s daughter, Mary

6. Causes
 Unfortunatelly for them, on 10 June 1688, James
Francis Edward was born.
 He was the son of James II and his second wife Mary
Beatrice and was baptized into Roman Catholic faith.
 This opened the possibility of a permanent Catholic
dynasty. The protestants were horrified.
Mary Beatrice and her son
James Francis Edward

7. Reactions
 On 30 June 1688, a group
of seven Protestant
nobles invited the Prince
of Orange to come to
England with an army.
 William was willing to
make the trip.
Prince William of Orange

8. The revolution
 William arrived on 5 November 1688. As
soon as he landed at Torbay in Devonshire,
people flocked to his support.
 Many Protestant officers, including
Churchill, defected and joined William, as
did James's own daughter, Princess Anne.

9. The revolution
 James lost his nerve and declined to attack the
invading army, despite his army's numerical
superiority
 Later, he got away to France, where his wife,
their newly-born son James and the generous
hospitality of the court of King Louis the
Fourteenth awaited him.

10. Consequences
 A few weeks later Parliament
decided that the throne was
vacant in consequence of
James’s flight.
 They voted that William and
Mary of Orange should be
proclaimed King and Queen
but under some conditions.
 These conditions were set out
in a document called the Bill of
Rights which was signed by
William and Mary in 1689.

11. Consequences
 Bill of Rights: This document limits on the
powers of the monarch and sets out the rights
of Parliament
 These new laws changed England from an
absolute monarchy (where the monarch has
power) to a constitutional monarchy (where
they have not much more than a ceremonial
role).
 The British system of government has
remained a constitutional monarchy ever
since this time.