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HTY 110HA
Module 8
Presentation Project Instructions
Choose one immigrant or refugee group and prepare an audio-
narrated
PowerPoint presentation about the group.
You may not choose the following groups that have already
been covered extensively
within the modules:
Irish Germans Chinese Jews African Americans
Your presentation must include slides that include the following
information:
1. Images/visuals for each slide in the form of:
• Photos (Required)
• Maps (Required)
• Charts
• graphs
2. An introduction your group and an overview of its place of
origin.
3. Push and Pull factors that affected your chosen group
4. Skills and assets of this group
5. Liabilities of this group
6. Early settlement patterns of the group
7. Occupations in which this group was concentrated
8. Challenges this group faced
9. Settlement patterns and experiences of this group in
American society today
10. Use your critical thinking skills to answer the following
question:
• Based on your research, would you say that your chosen group
has
attained the “American Dream?” In other words, has America
been a
“Promised Land” for your group? Why or why not?
11. List of sources for your presentation (articles, websites,
books, etc.)
Important
1. Slides must not be covered with paragraphs of writing.
Include only short phrases
(bullets) and images/visuals. You should explain the content of
each slide with
your voice, rather than with writing.
2. Do not read from your notes when recording your
presentation. Your words
should flow smoothly as though you are speaking to someone
rather than
reading mechanically from your notes. Try to be animated when
you speak rather
than speaking in a monotone. Try to engage your listener and
keep him or her
interested in what you have to say.
Page 2 of 2
Review the grading rubric to see how this presentation will be
graded.
You will need to record and embed a narrative for each of your
slides; i.e., say what you
would say if you were presenting in front of a live audience. As
such, you will need to
attach a microphone/headset with microphone to your computer
to record the audio.
Prices will vary, but an inexpensive headset with microphone
will work fine.
Instructions for how to record and add audio narrations to your
presentation can be
found by using the PowerPoint help feature. This link may also
help you as you create
your audio PowerPoint with appropriate timing:
http://office.microsoft.com/en-
us/powerpoint-help/record-and-add-narration-and-timings-to-a-
slide-show-
HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1 . Note that you will not be able to
edit your audio if you
choose to record the audio from within PowerPoint, so if you
need to correct any
mistakes, you will just need to rerecord that audio for that
particular slide.
If you wish to record and edit your audio prior to adding it to
your PowerPoint
presentation, you will need recording/editing software. There
are many free audio
recording/editing software packages available on the Internet.
Just search for, select,
and download the one you want to use and follow the
instructions for recording/editing
audio. Instructions for adding externally recorded audio files to
your slideshow can be
found by clicking the PowerPoint help feature and entering
“Add audio to your slide
show” in the search box.
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help/record-and-
add-narration-and-timings-to-a-slide-show-
HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help/record-and-
add-narration-and-timings-to-a-slide-show-
HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help/record-and-
add-narration-and-timings-to-a-slide-show-
HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1
The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 1
Forming a Writer’s Habit of Mind
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
1.1 Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
1.2 Practice habits that help you write consistently and
productively.
1.3 Understand the many forms of research.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
1.4 Use informal writing to generate ideas.
1.5 Collaborate with other writers.
1.6 Use others’ ideas and words ethically.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (1 of 6)
Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
Curiosity: desire to know more about the world
Openness: willingness to consider new ways of being and
thinking in the world
Engagement: sense of investment and involvement in learning
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (2 of 6)
Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
Creativity: ability to use novel approaches for generating,
investigating, and representing ideas
Persistence: ability to sustain interest in and attention to short-
and long-term projects
Responsibility: ability to take ownership of one’s actions and
understand the consequences of those actions for oneself and
others
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (3 of 6)
Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
Flexibility: ability to adapt to situations, expectations, or
demands
Metacognition: ability to reflect on one’s own thinking as well
as on the individual and cultural processes used to structure
knowledge
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (4 of 6)
Freewriting
Identify things about which you are curious, things about which
you’d like to learn more.
Then write about the first things that come to mind—anything
whatsoever.
Write nonstop for five minutes.
Then move on to other topics.
After five minutes, stop writing and read what you have written.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (5 of 6)
Looping
Involves finding an interesting part of your freewrite and
developing it further
If you have not yet found something that genuinely interests
you, go back and try freewriting again to see what emerges.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (6 of 6)
Reflecting
Reflect on the process you just went through.
What worked well for you?
What got in the way?
Did your setting stimulate your creativity?
What inspired or distracted you?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (1 of 4)
Writer’s Rituals: Place, Time, and Tools
Rituals are important because they help you with the most
difficult part of any activity: getting started.
Each time you perform your writing rituals, you are creating
habits.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (2 of 4)
Developing Writer’s Rituals
In what places are you able to concentrate?
What distracts you?
When do you feel most creative and energetic?
What do you need to have with you or nearby?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (3 of 4)
Building Positive Energy and Attitude
Start anywhere, quickly.
Even if you’re struggling, don’t quit.
If you’re moving, keep on moving!
When you quit writing for the day, stop at a place where you
know what comes next.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (4 of 4)
Building Positive Energy and Attitude
Increase your self-efficacy.
Visualize yourself writing.
Discover and emphasize the aspects of writing that are fun for
you.
Set modest goals.
Reflect on your rituals.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (1 of 2)
All writing involves research, which is simply collecting ideas.
Research involves being creative and curious enough to ask
broad questions.
Being a good researcher requires the engagement and
persistence to seek the expertise that prepares you to write
confidently.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (2 of 2)
It requires the flexibility to ask your research questions in a
variety of ways and to follow the road where it takes you.
It takes openness and responsibility to make honest and ethical
use of what you find.
It takes reflectiveness to identify research processes that work
best for you.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (1 of 6)
Categories of Informal Writing
Reading entries help you understand and actively respond to
student or professional writing.
Write-to-learn entries help you summarize, react to, or question
ideas or essays discussed in class.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (2 of 6)
Categories of Informal Writing
Writing entries help you warm up, test ideas, make writing
plans, practice rhetorical strategies, and solve specific writing
problems.
Researching journal entries help you collect and organize what
you learn on a variety of topics and comment on why you find
specific pieces of research useful.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (3 of 6)
Types of Reading Entries
Prereading journal entries
Double-entry logs
Essay annotations
Vocabulary entries
Summary/response entries
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (4 of 6)
Types of Write-to-Learn Entries
Lecture/discussion entries
Responses to readings
Time-out responses
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (5 of 6)
Types of Writing Entries
Warming up
Writing for a specific audience
Keeping a log of revision plans and postscripts
Imitating styles of writers
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (6 of 6)
Types of Research Journal Entries
List topics of interest
Key questions
List possible sources of information
Record key conversations and points of view
Map and sketch notes
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Writing as a Team Sport: Collaborating with Others
Suggestions for Collaborative Writing
Try group brainstorming.
Consult with people who can help you develop expertise on a
topic and collect new ideas.
Try out ideas on members of your audience to determine how
they are received.
Perform peer reviews at the revision and editing stages.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Being Responsible: Writing Ethically
Guidelines for Writing Ethically
Use other people’s ideas in the ways that they were intended.
Give credit where it is due.
Don’t hide contrary ideas.
Be careful of techniques or phrasings that play into others’
predispositions or biases.
Consider the cultural and social norms of others.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is
provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their
courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of
any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will
destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work
and materials from it should never be made available to students
except by instructors using the accompanying text in their
classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by
these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical
purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these
materials.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
.MsftOfcThm_Text1_Fill {
fill:#000000;
}
.MsftOfcThm_MainDark1_Stroke {
stroke:#000000;
}
The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 1
Forming a Writer’s Habit of Mind
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
1.1 Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
1.2 Practice habits that help you write consistently and
productively.
1.3 Understand the many forms of research.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
1.4 Use informal writing to generate ideas.
1.5 Collaborate with other writers.
1.6 Use others’ ideas and words ethically.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (1 of 6)
Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
Curiosity: desire to know more about the world
Openness: willingness to consider new ways of being and
thinking in the world
Engagement: sense of investment and involvement in learning
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (2 of 6)
Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
Creativity: ability to use novel approaches for generating,
investigating, and representing ideas
Persistence: ability to sustain interest in and attention to short-
and long-term projects
Responsibility: ability to take ownership of one’s actions and
understand the consequences of those actions for oneself and
others
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (3 of 6)
Develop a writer’s habits of mind.
Flexibility: ability to adapt to situations, expectations, or
demands
Metacognition: ability to reflect on one’s own thinking as well
as on the individual and cultural processes used to structure
knowledge
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (4 of 6)
Freewriting
Identify things about which you are curious, things about which
you’d like to learn more.
Then write about the first things that come to mind—anything
whatsoever.
Write nonstop for five minutes.
Then move on to other topics.
After five minutes, stop writing and read what you have written.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (5 of 6)
Looping
Involves finding an interesting part of your freewrite and
developing it further
If you have not yet found something that genuinely interests
you, go back and try freewriting again to see what emerges.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (6 of 6)
Reflecting
Reflect on the process you just went through.
What worked well for you?
What got in the way?
Did your setting stimulate your creativity?
What inspired or distracted you?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (1 of 4)
Writer’s Rituals: Place, Time, and Tools
Rituals are important because they help you with the most
difficult part of any activity: getting started.
Each time you perform your writing rituals, you are creating
habits.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (2 of 4)
Developing Writer’s Rituals
In what places are you able to concentrate?
What distracts you?
When do you feel most creative and energetic?
What do you need to have with you or nearby?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (3 of 4)
Building Positive Energy and Attitude
Start anywhere, quickly.
Even if you’re struggling, don’t quit.
If you’re moving, keep on moving!
When you quit writing for the day, stop at a place where you
know what comes next.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (4 of 4)
Building Positive Energy and Attitude
Increase your self-efficacy.
Visualize yourself writing.
Discover and emphasize the aspects of writing that are fun for
you.
Set modest goals.
Reflect on your rituals.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (1 of 2)
All writing involves research, which is simply collecting ideas.
Research involves being creative and curious enough to ask
broad questions.
Being a good researcher requires the engagement and
persistence to seek the expertise that prepares you to write
confidently.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (2 of 2)
It requires the flexibility to ask your research questions in a
variety of ways and to follow the road where it takes you.
It takes openness and responsibility to make honest and ethical
use of what you find.
It takes reflectiveness to identify research processes that work
best for you.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (1 of 6)
Categories of Informal Writing
Reading entries help you understand and actively respond to
student or professional writing.
Write-to-learn entries help you summarize, react to, or question
ideas or essays discussed in class.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (2 of 6)
Categories of Informal Writing
Writing entries help you warm up, test ideas, make writing
plans, practice rhetorical strategies, and solve specific writing
problems.
Researching journal entries help you collect and organize what
you learn on a variety of topics and comment on why you find
specific pieces of research useful.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (3 of 6)
Types of Reading Entries
Prereading journal entries
Double-entry logs
Essay annotations
Vocabulary entries
Summary/response entries
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (4 of 6)
Types of Write-to-Learn Entries
Lecture/discussion entries
Responses to readings
Time-out responses
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (5 of 6)
Types of Writing Entries
Warming up
Writing for a specific audience
Keeping a log of revision plans and postscripts
Imitating styles of writers
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (6 of 6)
Types of Research Journal Entries
List topics of interest
Key questions
List possible sources of information
Record key conversations and points of view
Map and sketch notes
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Writing as a Team Sport: Collaborating with Others
Suggestions for Collaborative Writing
Try group brainstorming.
Consult with people who can help you develop expertise on a
topic and collect new ideas.
Try out ideas on members of your audience to determine how
they are received.
Perform peer reviews at the revision and editing stages.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Being Responsible: Writing Ethically
Guidelines for Writing Ethically
Use other people’s ideas in the ways that they were intended.
Give credit where it is due.
Don’t hide contrary ideas.
Be careful of techniques or phrasings that play into others’
predispositions or biases.
Consider the cultural and social norms of others.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is
provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their
courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of
any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will
destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work
and materials from it should never be made available to students
except by instructors using the accompanying text in their
classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by
these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical
purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these
materials.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
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The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 2
Situations, Purposes, and Processes for Writing
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
2.1 Understand techniques for assessing a rhetorical situation.
2.2 Understand your purposes for writing.
2.3 Understand the characteristics and needs of your audience.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
2.4 Use techniques for choosing a genre, medium, and style that
serve your purpose and audience.
2.5 Develop reading techniques that help you analyze a
rhetorical situation.
2.6 Use the stages of the writing process to develop your
writing.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
The Rhetorical Situation (1 of 4)
Elements of the Rhetorical Situation
The writer
The occasion
Purpose
Audience
Context
Genre, medium, and style
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Rights Reserved
The Rhetorical Situation (2 of 4)
Elements of the Rhetorical Situation
You are the writer.
The occasion is the immediate cause or the pressing need to
write, whether assigned to you or determined by you.
Your purpose in writing is the effect you wish to have on your
intended audience.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
The Rhetorical Situation (3 of 4)
Elements of the Rhetorical Situation
Your knowledge about your intended audience should always
guide and shape your writing.
As both a reader and a writer, you must consider the rhetorical
and social context surrounding your topic.
The genre you choose is the kind or form of writing you select.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
The Rhetorical Situation (4 of 4)
Why the Rhetorical Situation Is Important
Every decision you make as a writer depends on the rhetorical
situation.
How you begin
How much evidence you include
How you organize
Whether you use “I” in your writing
What style or tone you should use
What kind of genre or medium you choose
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Purposes for Writing
Writer-Based Purposes
Expressing yourself is a fundamental purpose of all writing.
A closely related purpose is learning.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Purposes for Writing (1 of 3)
Purposes for Writing
You may write to inform others.
You may write to explain what something means, how it works,
or why it happens.
You may write to persuade others to believe or do something.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Purposes for Writing (2 of 3)
Purposes for Writing
You may write to explore ideas and “truths”.
You may write to entertain.
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Rights Reserved
Purposes for Writing (3 of 3)
Purposes may appear in combinations, connected in a sequence.
A thesis statement is a succinct statement of your main idea or
claim.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Audience (1 of 6)
Audience Analysis
What genre (or combination of genres) will best enable me to
communicate with my audience?
What kinds of multimedia might they expect?
Should I consider including visuals, video, or audio?
How much information or evidence is enough?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Audience (2 of 6)
Audience Analysis
What should I assume my audience already knows?
What do they believe?
Will they readily agree with me, or will they be antagonistic?
How should I organize my writing?
How can I get my readers’ attention?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Audience (3 of 6)
Audience Analysis
Should I tell a story, or should I analyze everything in a logical
order?
Should I put my best examples or arguments first or last?
Should I write informally or should I write in a specialized
style, with technical vocabulary?
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Audience (4 of 6)
Analyzing Your Audience
Audience profile
Audience–subject relationship
Audience–writer relationship
Writer’s role
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Rights Reserved
Audience (5 of 6)
Design Thinking and the Writing Process
Empathize
Define
Ideate
Prototype
Test
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Rights Reserved
Audience (6 of 6)
Conducting an Empathy Interview
Make your interview a true conversation.
Follow up with “why” questions.
Pay attention to body language and spoken words.
Ask open-ended questions that cannot be answered with a
simple “yes” or “no”.
Use a voice recorder if your interviewee is comfortable with it.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Genre, Medium, and Style (1 of 2)
Types of Genres
Personal essay
Research review
Argumentative essay
Laboratory report
Brochure
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Genre, Medium, and Style (2 of 2)
Types of Genres
Letter to the editor
Posting to electronic forum or social media
Email, text message, or tweet
Presentation in PowerPoint, Prezi, etc
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation
The rhetorical situation elements are interrelated and
interconnected.
Writing and revising require reconsidering each of these
elements to make them work harmoniously to achieve your
rhetorical goal.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Dimensions of the Writing Process (1 of 2)
Collecting ideas and information
Shaping those ideas by bringing them together toward a working
thesis
Drafting in chosen genre and medium
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Dimensions of the Writing Process (2 of 2)
Revising toward a polished product
Editing focuses on minor changes that will improve accuracy
and readability of your language
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is
provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their
courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of
any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will
destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work
and materials from it should never be made available to students
except by instructors using the accompanying text in their
classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by
these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical
purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these
materials.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
Rights Reserved
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www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
MSOM 600
Introduction to Graduate Studies
The “Six Stop Process”
Paper Format and Flow
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
The Importance of Format and Flow
The goal of much of the communication you experience is to
”get to yes.”Professional – get your supervisor to approve your
ideaPersonal – get your banker to approve your loanAcademic –
get your professor to say “yes’ to your paper
Communication clarity can be enhanced by effectively
formatting and flowing your communication.
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
A Defined Process
Using a defined communication process may help your
communication be:Clear, Concise, & Easy to follow
A significant number of your proposals (professionally &
personally) and papers (academically) will be to either:Solve a
problemAddress an opportunity
In order to do this, a clear process could help.
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
The “Six Stop Process”Stop 1 – IntroductionStop 2 –
Foundation and DefinitionsStop 3 – Define the Problem or
OpportunityStop 4 – Provide
Solution
sStop 5 – Plan ImplementationStop 6 – Conclusion
Think of this as a directional roadmap with mile-markers/stops
along the way.
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
Stop 1 - Introduction
An introduction tells the reader the purpose of the paper. This
is important:For the reader – it clearly tells them why the writer
is presenting this information. It addresses much of the
“Rhetorical Situation.”For the writer – it helps to keep the
writer focused on the purpose of the paper and limits
“wandering.”
It is okay to be overt here. You can state in your introduction –
“The purpose of this paper is to . . .”
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
Stop 2 – Foundation and Definitions
Before you “jump” into the detail of your paper, you will need
to define key terms and set the foundation. In your paper, you
will want to:Define who adult students areWhat are their
demographics?How are they different from “traditional”
students?
If you do not define these, then your reader will provide their
own definitions. It may be different than yours. That can lead
to confusion.
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
Stop 3 – State Problems or Opportunities
Many papers you will write will focus on solving a problem or
addressing an opportunity. In your paper you may find:Adult
students face challengesShare what they areUniversities may
face challenges addressing these students as well
When you do this, you prove to your reader that the problems or
opportunities exist and need to be addressed.
www.CharlestonSouthern.edu
Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
Stop 4 – Provide
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HTY 110HA Module 8 Presentation Project Instructions

  • 1. HTY 110HA Module 8 Presentation Project Instructions Choose one immigrant or refugee group and prepare an audio- narrated PowerPoint presentation about the group. You may not choose the following groups that have already been covered extensively within the modules: Irish Germans Chinese Jews African Americans Your presentation must include slides that include the following information: 1. Images/visuals for each slide in the form of: • Photos (Required) • Maps (Required) • Charts • graphs 2. An introduction your group and an overview of its place of
  • 2. origin. 3. Push and Pull factors that affected your chosen group 4. Skills and assets of this group 5. Liabilities of this group 6. Early settlement patterns of the group 7. Occupations in which this group was concentrated 8. Challenges this group faced 9. Settlement patterns and experiences of this group in American society today 10. Use your critical thinking skills to answer the following question: • Based on your research, would you say that your chosen group has attained the “American Dream?” In other words, has America been a “Promised Land” for your group? Why or why not? 11. List of sources for your presentation (articles, websites, books, etc.) Important 1. Slides must not be covered with paragraphs of writing. Include only short phrases (bullets) and images/visuals. You should explain the content of each slide with your voice, rather than with writing. 2. Do not read from your notes when recording your presentation. Your words should flow smoothly as though you are speaking to someone rather than
  • 3. reading mechanically from your notes. Try to be animated when you speak rather than speaking in a monotone. Try to engage your listener and keep him or her interested in what you have to say. Page 2 of 2 Review the grading rubric to see how this presentation will be graded. You will need to record and embed a narrative for each of your slides; i.e., say what you would say if you were presenting in front of a live audience. As such, you will need to attach a microphone/headset with microphone to your computer to record the audio. Prices will vary, but an inexpensive headset with microphone will work fine. Instructions for how to record and add audio narrations to your presentation can be found by using the PowerPoint help feature. This link may also help you as you create your audio PowerPoint with appropriate timing: http://office.microsoft.com/en- us/powerpoint-help/record-and-add-narration-and-timings-to-a- slide-show- HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1 . Note that you will not be able to edit your audio if you
  • 4. choose to record the audio from within PowerPoint, so if you need to correct any mistakes, you will just need to rerecord that audio for that particular slide. If you wish to record and edit your audio prior to adding it to your PowerPoint presentation, you will need recording/editing software. There are many free audio recording/editing software packages available on the Internet. Just search for, select, and download the one you want to use and follow the instructions for recording/editing audio. Instructions for adding externally recorded audio files to your slideshow can be found by clicking the PowerPoint help feature and entering “Add audio to your slide show” in the search box. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help/record-and- add-narration-and-timings-to-a-slide-show- HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1 http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help/record-and- add-narration-and-timings-to-a-slide-show- HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1 http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help/record-and- add-narration-and-timings-to-a-slide-show- HA010338313.aspx?CTT=1 The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers Twelfth Edition Chapter 1 Forming a Writer’s Habit of Mind
  • 5. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1 Develop a writer’s habits of mind. 1.2 Practice habits that help you write consistently and productively. 1.3 Understand the many forms of research. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 1.4 Use informal writing to generate ideas. 1.5 Collaborate with other writers. 1.6 Use others’ ideas and words ethically. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (1 of 6) Develop a writer’s habits of mind. Curiosity: desire to know more about the world Openness: willingness to consider new ways of being and thinking in the world Engagement: sense of investment and involvement in learning Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (2 of 6) Develop a writer’s habits of mind. Creativity: ability to use novel approaches for generating, investigating, and representing ideas Persistence: ability to sustain interest in and attention to short-
  • 6. and long-term projects Responsibility: ability to take ownership of one’s actions and understand the consequences of those actions for oneself and others Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (3 of 6) Develop a writer’s habits of mind. Flexibility: ability to adapt to situations, expectations, or demands Metacognition: ability to reflect on one’s own thinking as well as on the individual and cultural processes used to structure knowledge Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (4 of 6) Freewriting Identify things about which you are curious, things about which you’d like to learn more. Then write about the first things that come to mind—anything whatsoever. Write nonstop for five minutes. Then move on to other topics. After five minutes, stop writing and read what you have written. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (5 of 6) Looping Involves finding an interesting part of your freewrite and developing it further
  • 7. If you have not yet found something that genuinely interests you, go back and try freewriting again to see what emerges. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (6 of 6) Reflecting Reflect on the process you just went through. What worked well for you? What got in the way? Did your setting stimulate your creativity? What inspired or distracted you? Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (1 of 4) Writer’s Rituals: Place, Time, and Tools Rituals are important because they help you with the most difficult part of any activity: getting started. Each time you perform your writing rituals, you are creating habits. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (2 of 4) Developing Writer’s Rituals In what places are you able to concentrate? What distracts you? When do you feel most creative and energetic? What do you need to have with you or nearby? Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
  • 8. Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (3 of 4) Building Positive Energy and Attitude Start anywhere, quickly. Even if you’re struggling, don’t quit. If you’re moving, keep on moving! When you quit writing for the day, stop at a place where you know what comes next. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (4 of 4) Building Positive Energy and Attitude Increase your self-efficacy. Visualize yourself writing. Discover and emphasize the aspects of writing that are fun for you. Set modest goals. Reflect on your rituals. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (1 of 2) All writing involves research, which is simply collecting ideas. Research involves being creative and curious enough to ask broad questions. Being a good researcher requires the engagement and persistence to seek the expertise that prepares you to write confidently. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (2 of 2)
  • 9. It requires the flexibility to ask your research questions in a variety of ways and to follow the road where it takes you. It takes openness and responsibility to make honest and ethical use of what you find. It takes reflectiveness to identify research processes that work best for you. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (1 of 6) Categories of Informal Writing Reading entries help you understand and actively respond to student or professional writing. Write-to-learn entries help you summarize, react to, or question ideas or essays discussed in class. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (2 of 6) Categories of Informal Writing Writing entries help you warm up, test ideas, make writing plans, practice rhetorical strategies, and solve specific writing problems. Researching journal entries help you collect and organize what you learn on a variety of topics and comment on why you find specific pieces of research useful. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (3 of 6) Types of Reading Entries Prereading journal entries Double-entry logs
  • 10. Essay annotations Vocabulary entries Summary/response entries Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (4 of 6) Types of Write-to-Learn Entries Lecture/discussion entries Responses to readings Time-out responses Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (5 of 6) Types of Writing Entries Warming up Writing for a specific audience Keeping a log of revision plans and postscripts Imitating styles of writers Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (6 of 6) Types of Research Journal Entries List topics of interest Key questions List possible sources of information Record key conversations and points of view Map and sketch notes Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
  • 11. Writing as a Team Sport: Collaborating with Others Suggestions for Collaborative Writing Try group brainstorming. Consult with people who can help you develop expertise on a topic and collect new ideas. Try out ideas on members of your audience to determine how they are received. Perform peer reviews at the revision and editing stages. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Being Responsible: Writing Ethically Guidelines for Writing Ethically Use other people’s ideas in the ways that they were intended. Give credit where it is due. Don’t hide contrary ideas. Be careful of techniques or phrasings that play into others’ predispositions or biases. Consider the cultural and social norms of others. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these
  • 12. materials. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved .MsftOfcThm_Text1_Fill { fill:#000000; } .MsftOfcThm_MainDark1_Stroke { stroke:#000000; } The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers Twelfth Edition Chapter 1 Forming a Writer’s Habit of Mind Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1 Develop a writer’s habits of mind. 1.2 Practice habits that help you write consistently and productively. 1.3 Understand the many forms of research. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
  • 13. 1.4 Use informal writing to generate ideas. 1.5 Collaborate with other writers. 1.6 Use others’ ideas and words ethically. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (1 of 6) Develop a writer’s habits of mind. Curiosity: desire to know more about the world Openness: willingness to consider new ways of being and thinking in the world Engagement: sense of investment and involvement in learning Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (2 of 6) Develop a writer’s habits of mind. Creativity: ability to use novel approaches for generating, investigating, and representing ideas Persistence: ability to sustain interest in and attention to short- and long-term projects Responsibility: ability to take ownership of one’s actions and understand the consequences of those actions for oneself and others Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (3 of 6) Develop a writer’s habits of mind. Flexibility: ability to adapt to situations, expectations, or demands Metacognition: ability to reflect on one’s own thinking as well as on the individual and cultural processes used to structure
  • 14. knowledge Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (4 of 6) Freewriting Identify things about which you are curious, things about which you’d like to learn more. Then write about the first things that come to mind—anything whatsoever. Write nonstop for five minutes. Then move on to other topics. After five minutes, stop writing and read what you have written. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (5 of 6) Looping Involves finding an interesting part of your freewrite and developing it further If you have not yet found something that genuinely interests you, go back and try freewriting again to see what emerges. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Thinking Like a Writer: Key Habits of Mind (6 of 6) Reflecting Reflect on the process you just went through. What worked well for you? What got in the way? Did your setting stimulate your creativity? What inspired or distracted you?
  • 15. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (1 of 4) Writer’s Rituals: Place, Time, and Tools Rituals are important because they help you with the most difficult part of any activity: getting started. Each time you perform your writing rituals, you are creating habits. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (2 of 4) Developing Writer’s Rituals In what places are you able to concentrate? What distracts you? When do you feel most creative and energetic? What do you need to have with you or nearby? Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (3 of 4) Building Positive Energy and Attitude Start anywhere, quickly. Even if you’re struggling, don’t quit. If you’re moving, keep on moving! When you quit writing for the day, stop at a place where you know what comes next. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Acting Like a Writer: Forming Good Habits of Practice (4 of 4) Building Positive Energy and Attitude
  • 16. Increase your self-efficacy. Visualize yourself writing. Discover and emphasize the aspects of writing that are fun for you. Set modest goals. Reflect on your rituals. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (1 of 2) All writing involves research, which is simply collecting ideas. Research involves being creative and curious enough to ask broad questions. Being a good researcher requires the engagement and persistence to seek the expertise that prepares you to write confidently. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Collecting Ideas: Thinking Broadly About Research (2 of 2) It requires the flexibility to ask your research questions in a variety of ways and to follow the road where it takes you. It takes openness and responsibility to make honest and ethical use of what you find. It takes reflectiveness to identify research processes that work best for you. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (1 of 6) Categories of Informal Writing Reading entries help you understand and actively respond to student or professional writing.
  • 17. Write-to-learn entries help you summarize, react to, or question ideas or essays discussed in class. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (2 of 6) Categories of Informal Writing Writing entries help you warm up, test ideas, make writing plans, practice rhetorical strategies, and solve specific writing problems. Researching journal entries help you collect and organize what you learn on a variety of topics and comment on why you find specific pieces of research useful. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (3 of 6) Types of Reading Entries Prereading journal entries Double-entry logs Essay annotations Vocabulary entries Summary/response entries Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (4 of 6) Types of Write-to-Learn Entries Lecture/discussion entries Responses to readings Time-out responses Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
  • 18. Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (5 of 6) Types of Writing Entries Warming up Writing for a specific audience Keeping a log of revision plans and postscripts Imitating styles of writers Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Informal Writing: Finding Points of View (6 of 6) Types of Research Journal Entries List topics of interest Key questions List possible sources of information Record key conversations and points of view Map and sketch notes Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Writing as a Team Sport: Collaborating with Others Suggestions for Collaborative Writing Try group brainstorming. Consult with people who can help you develop expertise on a topic and collect new ideas. Try out ideas on members of your audience to determine how they are received. Perform peer reviews at the revision and editing stages. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Being Responsible: Writing Ethically
  • 19. Guidelines for Writing Ethically Use other people’s ideas in the ways that they were intended. Give credit where it is due. Don’t hide contrary ideas. Be careful of techniques or phrasings that play into others’ predispositions or biases. Consider the cultural and social norms of others. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved .MsftOfcThm_Text1_Fill { fill:#000000; } .MsftOfcThm_MainDark1_Stroke { stroke:#000000; }
  • 20. The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers Twelfth Edition Chapter 2 Situations, Purposes, and Processes for Writing Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 2.1 Understand techniques for assessing a rhetorical situation. 2.2 Understand your purposes for writing. 2.3 Understand the characteristics and needs of your audience. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 2.4 Use techniques for choosing a genre, medium, and style that serve your purpose and audience. 2.5 Develop reading techniques that help you analyze a rhetorical situation. 2.6 Use the stages of the writing process to develop your writing. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Rhetorical Situation (1 of 4) Elements of the Rhetorical Situation The writer The occasion Purpose
  • 21. Audience Context Genre, medium, and style Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Rhetorical Situation (2 of 4) Elements of the Rhetorical Situation You are the writer. The occasion is the immediate cause or the pressing need to write, whether assigned to you or determined by you. Your purpose in writing is the effect you wish to have on your intended audience. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Rhetorical Situation (3 of 4) Elements of the Rhetorical Situation Your knowledge about your intended audience should always guide and shape your writing. As both a reader and a writer, you must consider the rhetorical and social context surrounding your topic. The genre you choose is the kind or form of writing you select. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Rhetorical Situation (4 of 4) Why the Rhetorical Situation Is Important Every decision you make as a writer depends on the rhetorical situation. How you begin How much evidence you include How you organize
  • 22. Whether you use “I” in your writing What style or tone you should use What kind of genre or medium you choose Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Purposes for Writing Writer-Based Purposes Expressing yourself is a fundamental purpose of all writing. A closely related purpose is learning. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Purposes for Writing (1 of 3) Purposes for Writing You may write to inform others. You may write to explain what something means, how it works, or why it happens. You may write to persuade others to believe or do something. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Purposes for Writing (2 of 3) Purposes for Writing You may write to explore ideas and “truths”. You may write to entertain. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Purposes for Writing (3 of 3) Purposes may appear in combinations, connected in a sequence. A thesis statement is a succinct statement of your main idea or
  • 23. claim. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audience (1 of 6) Audience Analysis What genre (or combination of genres) will best enable me to communicate with my audience? What kinds of multimedia might they expect? Should I consider including visuals, video, or audio? How much information or evidence is enough? Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audience (2 of 6) Audience Analysis What should I assume my audience already knows? What do they believe? Will they readily agree with me, or will they be antagonistic? How should I organize my writing? How can I get my readers’ attention? Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audience (3 of 6) Audience Analysis Should I tell a story, or should I analyze everything in a logical order? Should I put my best examples or arguments first or last? Should I write informally or should I write in a specialized style, with technical vocabulary? Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All
  • 24. Rights Reserved Audience (4 of 6) Analyzing Your Audience Audience profile Audience–subject relationship Audience–writer relationship Writer’s role Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audience (5 of 6) Design Thinking and the Writing Process Empathize Define Ideate Prototype Test Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audience (6 of 6) Conducting an Empathy Interview Make your interview a true conversation. Follow up with “why” questions. Pay attention to body language and spoken words. Ask open-ended questions that cannot be answered with a simple “yes” or “no”. Use a voice recorder if your interviewee is comfortable with it. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Genre, Medium, and Style (1 of 2)
  • 25. Types of Genres Personal essay Research review Argumentative essay Laboratory report Brochure Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Genre, Medium, and Style (2 of 2) Types of Genres Letter to the editor Posting to electronic forum or social media Email, text message, or tweet Presentation in PowerPoint, Prezi, etc Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation The rhetorical situation elements are interrelated and interconnected. Writing and revising require reconsidering each of these elements to make them work harmoniously to achieve your rhetorical goal. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Dimensions of the Writing Process (1 of 2) Collecting ideas and information Shaping those ideas by bringing them together toward a working thesis Drafting in chosen genre and medium
  • 26. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Dimensions of the Writing Process (2 of 2) Revising toward a polished product Editing focuses on minor changes that will improve accuracy and readability of your language Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved .MsftOfcThm_Text1_Fill { fill:#000000; } .MsftOfcThm_MainDark1_Stroke { stroke:#000000; }
  • 27. www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving MSOM 600 Introduction to Graduate Studies The “Six Stop Process” Paper Format and Flow www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving The Importance of Format and Flow The goal of much of the communication you experience is to ”get to yes.”Professional – get your supervisor to approve your ideaPersonal – get your banker to approve your loanAcademic – get your professor to say “yes’ to your paper Communication clarity can be enhanced by effectively formatting and flowing your communication. www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving A Defined Process Using a defined communication process may help your
  • 28. communication be:Clear, Concise, & Easy to follow A significant number of your proposals (professionally & personally) and papers (academically) will be to either:Solve a problemAddress an opportunity In order to do this, a clear process could help. www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving The “Six Stop Process”Stop 1 – IntroductionStop 2 – Foundation and DefinitionsStop 3 – Define the Problem or OpportunityStop 4 – Provide Solution sStop 5 – Plan ImplementationStop 6 – Conclusion Think of this as a directional roadmap with mile-markers/stops along the way. www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving
  • 29. Stop 1 - Introduction An introduction tells the reader the purpose of the paper. This is important:For the reader – it clearly tells them why the writer is presenting this information. It addresses much of the “Rhetorical Situation.”For the writer – it helps to keep the writer focused on the purpose of the paper and limits “wandering.” It is okay to be overt here. You can state in your introduction – “The purpose of this paper is to . . .” www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving Stop 2 – Foundation and Definitions Before you “jump” into the detail of your paper, you will need to define key terms and set the foundation. In your paper, you will want to:Define who adult students areWhat are their demographics?How are they different from “traditional” students? If you do not define these, then your reader will provide their own definitions. It may be different than yours. That can lead
  • 30. to confusion. www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving Stop 3 – State Problems or Opportunities Many papers you will write will focus on solving a problem or addressing an opportunity. In your paper you may find:Adult students face challengesShare what they areUniversities may face challenges addressing these students as well When you do this, you prove to your reader that the problems or opportunities exist and need to be addressed. www.CharlestonSouthern.edu Integrating Faith in Learning, Leading and Serving Stop 4 – Provide