1. NON FINITE CLAUSE
FOR STRUCTURE IN CONTEXT
-BY-
NUR NADHIRAH NASUHA BINTI ROZAIMI
NIK AFRINA NABILA BINTI NIK ISMAIL
SAYUMI NAKAMURA
2. Introduction
O A nonfinite clause cannot function as a main
clause and cannot stand on its own.
O It is sometimes described as a reduced clause.
O It may serve as a subject, or a complement to a
verb, a noun or a preposition
3. EXAMPLES
OI had something to eat before leaving.
OAfter having spent six hours at the hospital, they
eventually came home.
OThe person to ask about going to New Zealand is
Beck.
OThe boy located in the back got the teacher’s
attention.
OSpeaking in class is what he does best.
OHe could go to the pool by bus.
4. FUNCTIONS
OTo speak in class is difficult for some
children. (subject)
OHe loves to participate in class
discussions. (verb complement)
OSpeaking in class is what he does
best. (subject)
5. OHe dislikes sitting quietly. (verb complement)
OPrepared students excel in class. (pre-modifier)
OStudents encouraged by their teachers do
well. (post-modifier)
6. TYPE OF NON FINITE CLAUSE
OThere are five categories of non
finite clause
OPRESENT PARTICIPLE
OPAST PARTICIPLE
OTO-INFINITIVE
OBARE INFINITIVE
OGERUND
8. EXAMPLES
OWe met a girl carrying a basket of flowers.
OI heard my dad going up the stairs.
OMy mother is the lady wearing the red hat.
OThe singing bird was the main attraction of the
event.
OThe blind man, thinking all was save , tried to
cross the road.
9. PAST PARTICIPLE
OPast participle use third form of verb
and is usually ends in -ed, -d, -t,-en or -
n.
OIt indicates about the completion of task
in past.
10. EXAMPLES
OHe gave a written complaint.
OShe showed us a plate of scones crammed with
cream.
ODo not waste your time staring at a closed door.
OThe candidate selected for this post is my
brother.
ODriven by hunger, she stole an apple.
12. TO-INFINITIVE
OPreceded by ‘to’
OFor example
I. I need to run every day.
II. To dance was her passion.
III. Give him an ornament to polish.
IV. The officer returned to help.
13. Functions of To-Infinitive
ONouns
He likes to hunt.
I need to go to sleep.
To read is good for the mind.
To summarize a report is helpful to some
people.
Jeff needs to study harder and to get to school
on time.
14. OAdjectives
I need a volunteer to take the minutes.
I don’t have time to eat.
After breaking his leg, Dave had many obstacles
to overcome.
The teacher has a long teaching plan to make.
Determination to win will bring the team
success.
15. OAdverbs
I am going to the store to buy a 100-watt light
bulb.
The bus driver sounded his horn to warn the
walkers.
Eager to get home, Jack left from the hospital
early in the day.
Our neighbor, Jack Jones, returned home to
recuperate from the heart attack.
16. BARE INFINITIVE
ONot preceded by ‘to’
OFollows modal verbs
(Eg: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should,
will, or would)
OAlso follows other verbs
(Eg: feel, hear, help, let, make, see, and watch)
OAfter rather, better and had better
OCommand sentences
17. EXAMPLES
OModal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must,
shall, should, will, or would)
He can speak English.
He should go home.
They might finish by Wednesday.
You must take a break.
After the success of Windows 95, Microsoft could
outsell any competitor.
18. OOther verbs
(feel, hear, help, let, make, see, and watch)
We heard her sing.
Mark helped his friend finish.
I watched them bake the bread.
She noticed him run away from the house.
I saw you peep through the window of the
teaching staff room.
19. OCommand sentences
Be careful.
Arrange the icons.
Adjust the speaker volume.
Shut down the system.
Debug the program.
Display the date.
Click on the Find button to start the search.
Select the appropriate programming language.
20. GERUNDS
ONoun Verb
OEnd with –ing
OEven though all gerunds end
with the suffix -ing, not every
word which ends -ing is a
gerund.
21. EXAMPLES
OActing is fun.
OI hate running.
OBackstabbing people is exciting.
OKilling is a crime.
ORunning the tap will clear the air pocket.
OOne of his duties is attending meetings.
OMy father decided against postponing his
trip to Hungary.
22. FINITE VS NON FINITE
FINITE NON FINITE
Indicate person, number and tense Does not indicate person, number and
tense
Have a definite relation with the
subject and can be changed according
to tense
Do not change but remain constant
with the change in tense or number or
person
Types:
Present Tense
Past Tense
Types:
Present Participle
Past Participle
Infinitive
Gerund
Example:
I spoke to Joan last night.
He plays football every evening.
Example:
I have spoken to Joan about it.
Playing football is what he does every
morning.
