Fluoride is a mineral found in nature that strengthens teeth and bones. It occurs naturally in some foods, drinking water, and is added to water supplies, salt, milk and toothpaste. Fluoride reduces cavities by stopping the tooth decay process and helping to build stronger tooth enamel. It can be delivered topically through products like toothpaste, or systemically through drinking water. The benefits of fluoride include significant reductions in cavities, but too much fluoride during tooth development can cause dental fluorosis, appearing as white spots or pits in the enamel. Treatment depends on the severity, and may involve bleaching, fillings, veneers or crowns.

2. FLUORIDE

3. WhatisFluoride?
 Fluoride isthe ionic form of the element fluorine.
 Fluoride isamineral found throughout the earth'scrust
andwidely distributed innature.
 Foundin soilsrich in fluorspar, cryolite, andother
minerals.

4. • Reducescaries
 Strengthens
• Bones– Teeth

5.  Found In
• Drinkingwater
• Somefoods

6.  Produced
• Naturally
• Bythe body

7. Three commonformsof
fluoride
 Sodium fluoride (NaF) -crystalline form that maybe added
manuallyor with mechanicalfeeders
 Sodiumsilicofluoride (Na-SiF) -alsocommercially available in
variousgradesfor dryfeeding.
 Fluosilicacid(H.SiF) -corrosive liquid acid,must be handled
with care.

8. WhatDoesFluorideDo?
 Helpsbuild stronger teethenamel
 Stopsor reversesthe toothdecay
process
 Prevents lossof importantminerals

10. Fluoride
Modalities
 Systemic Use
• Water fluoridation
• Salt
• Milk
• Mineral water
• Fluoride supplements
 Topical Use
• Tooth paste
• Mouth wash
• Fluoride gelsVarnishes

11. Fluorides Delivery
Methods
2. Systemic
There are twobasicmethodsoffluorides delivery
1. Topical

12. Topical
Fluorides
TopicalFluoridesTheystrengthen teeth already present in the mouth,
making them more decay-resistant.Topicalfluorides includetoothpastes,
mouth rinses& professionally applied fluoridetherapies.

13. Topical
Fluorides
Definition
• Theterm "topically applied fluorides" isusedto describethose
delivery systemswhichprovide fluoride for alocal chemical
reaction to the exposedsurfacesoferupted dentition.
INDICATIONS:
• Cariesactive individuals
• Children shortly after periodsof tooth eruption, especially
• thosewho aren't cariesfree Thosewho take medicationthat reduce
salivary flow or radiationtherapy
• Postperiodontal surgery when roots areexposed

14. TypesOf Topical fluorides
TwoTypesOf TopicalFluorideUsedInPreventiveDentistry
1. Self appliedproducts
2. Professionally appliedproducts

15. Self Applied
Self appliedproducts
 Onemethod of self-applied topical fluoride that isresponsiblefor a
significant drop in the level of cavities since1960isuseofafluoride-
containingtoothpaste.
 Other sourcesof self-applied fluoride are mouth rinsesdesignedto be
rinsed & spit out. Forpatients who have unusualsusceptibility todental
cariesdue to dry mouth, medicalconditions, or other factors) dentists
mayrecommend aprescription fluoride gel or paste to be usedin
addition to regulartoothpaste

16. Professionally
Applied
Professionallyappliedtopicalfluorides
 It wasintroduced byBibbyin1942.
 Involve the use of high fluoride concentration products ranging from
5000-19,000ppm,which isequivalent to 5-19mgF/ml.
 Self applied products: Include fluoride dentifrices, mouth rinses & gels
Are low fluoride concentration products ranging from200-1000ppm or
0.2-1mgF/ml.
 ProfessionallyApplied In the form of a gel or foam, applied by adentist
or dental hygienist. More concentrated due to which not needed
frequently

17. Systemic fluorides
 Systemic fluorides provides a low concentrationof fluoride to the teeth
over long period oftime.
 Itcirculates through blood stream andisincorporated into developing
teeth.
 After teeth erupt, fluoride contactthe teeth directly through salivary
secretions.

18. Benefits &Limitations
Benefits
 Reduction of dentalcaries:50-70%
 75%reduction in first permanent molarloss
 There isdrastic reduction in progression anddevelopment ofdental
cariesandin fluoridatedareas.
 There isreduction in number of surfacesattacked bydentalcaries.
Limitations
 Water fluoridation canbe implemented only in area which havecenter
pipe water supplysystem.
 It interferes withpersonalchoice.
 People may think of overprotection.
 Initial costfor installing fluoridation plantismore

19. Clinical Features of Dental
Fluorosis
 Lusterless,opaque white patchesin the enamel which maybecome
mottled, striated orpitted.
 Mottled areasmaybecomestained yellow orbrown
 Hypo plastic areasmayalsobe present to suchanextend insevere
casesthat normal tooth form islost.

20. Fluorosis

21. Treatment
Treatment optionsfor fluorosisvarieswithseverity. It may
be :-
 Bleaching
 Compositerestorations
 Veneers
 Full crowns

22. Thank you