Entry to motherhood for out-of-school, single, 15-24 year old girls in Mukuru Slums seems to be associated with: being older, living in Reuben and Lunga lunga villages, not having completed secondary school, staying alone These factors should inform programs providing SRHR interventions to adolescent girls in Mukuru.

1. Abstract: Socio-demographic factors associated with entry into
motherhood by out-of-school, single, 15-24 year old girls in
Mukuru Slums, Nairobi
Presenter: Julius Nguku 1
1 HOPE worldwide Kenya
2University of Nairobi
Co-authors:
Nganga, Robert1;
Wheeler, Malinda1;
Katunge, Catherine1;
Gathogo, Janet1
Mule,Francis1
Ngugi, Elizabeth2

2. Presentation outline
• Introduction: HOPE worldwide Kenya, BIG
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

3. • Registered under NGO Coordination Act in 1999
• Initial efforts focused on HIV prevention through sports programs in
Mukuru Slums in Nairobi.
• Vision-’Empowered Healthy Communities’
• Mission-HWWK is a Faith-based Organization working with under-
served communities to improve their quality of life through
responsive and innovative health programming, service delivery and
capacity building in Kenya and Eastern Africa.
Introduction: HOPE worldwide Kenya

4. • The project is funded by Global Challenges
Canada (G.C.C) through its Stars in Global
Health program.
• The bold ideas funded integrate
science/technology, social and business
innovation-referring this as Integrated
Innovation.
• It focusses on its innovator-defined
challenges through its Stars in Global Health
program
Introduction: Bold Idea for Girls (BIG) Project

5. • Located in the south-end of
Nairobi city
• Mukuru is among the youngest
low income urban dwelling
• Five identifiable villages and
communities within
• It is a melting pot of religious and
ethnic groups
• Estimated population of 504,000
people*
• Thirty four percent of the
population in Mukuru falls within
the 15-24 years age bracket*
*Partnerships for an HIV free Generation, 2008
Location of Mukuru Slums In Nairobi, Kenya

6. Sister Walks
Gender +HIV Program
Life-skills
Midterm Evaluation
4 Mukuru Villages
Mobilization
Awareness of BIG
Enrolment
Baseline Survey
Vocational Skills training
Hair dressing and
Beauty
Computer Application
Skills
Fashion and Design
End-term evaluation
Graduation
Job placement
Reaching out to
peers
Program scale-up
BIG project Design

7. • One of the challenges found among adolescent
girls in Nairobi’s informal settlements is the
high rate of premarital motherhood (Beguy,
Donatien; 2013).
• This paper looks at the socio-demographic
factors associated with entry into motherhood
by out-of-school, unmarried girls aged 15-24
years in Mukuru Slums, Nairobi.
• Data is drawn from the baseline survey for the
one-year project.
Introduction: Abstract

8. Two-tailed t-test for 5%
H0: Proportion of girls 15-20 years old who are pregnant in Mukuru
is the same as the national (p=p0=0.145)
Ha: Proportion of girls under 20 years old who are pregnant in
Mukuru is not the same as the national (p≠0.145)
n
pp
pp
t
)ˆ1(ˆ
ˆ 0*



t*= 0.240-0.145 = 5.277
SQRT (0.24(1-0.24/523)
Decision: Since 5.277 > 1.96 (t-statistic for 0.025) we reject the
H0 and deduce that the proportion of girls under 20 years’ old
girls who are pregnant in Mukuru is not the same as the
national.
Comparing the proportion of 15-20 year old girls who have initiated motherhood
nationally and in Mukuru

9. • In November 2013, 523 15-24 year old girls were
enrolled
• To provide baseline information, socio-demographic
data was collected from the girls and reported as
proportions.
• A regression model was used to determine any socio-
demographic differences between the single girls
who have initiated motherhood and those who had
not.
Method

10. Results
Total
523
Not entered into
motherhood
291 (72.4%)
Single
402 (76%)
entered into motherhood
111 (27.6%)
Married
121 (24%)

11. Initiated
Motherhood
Not
initiated Total
Age
group
OR (95%
CI) p-value
15-17 13 (11%) 103 reverent - 116
18-20 38 (20%) 149
2.02
(1.03-3.98) p=0.04 187
21-22 27 (50%) 27
7.92
(3.61-7.39) p<0.0001 54
23-24 33 (73%) 12
21.79
(9.06-2.38) p<0.0001 45
111 291 402
Age of the single girls
11%
20%
50%
73%
0% 50% 100%
15-17
18-20
21-22
23-24
Percentage of the
single girls who have
initiated motherhood
by age-grp

12. Village of residence of the single girls
Initiated
Motherhood
Not
initiated Total
village OR p-value
Reuben 41 (35%) 77
4.26
(1.21-4.99) p=0.02 118
Lungalunga 38 (32%) 79
3.85
(1.09-3.58) p=0.04 117
Njenga 29 (20%) 113
2.05
(0.50-7.20) p=0.2 142
Kayaba 3 (12%) 24 reverent - 25
111 291 402
35%
32%
20%
12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Reuben
Lungalunga
Njenga
Kayaba
Percentage of single girls who had
initiated motherhood by village

13. Initiated
Motherhood Not initiated Total
Lives with OR p-value
Alone 24 (75%) 8
8.10
(3.28-19.98) p<0.0001 32
Parents/
guardians 57 (24%) 182 0.846 p=0.5 239
Others
(bro, sis, aunts
etc) 30(23%) 91 reverent - 131
Who the single girl lives with

14. Level of education of the single girls
Initiated
Motherhood
Not
initiated Total
Level of
education OR (95% C.I) p-value
Not
completed
secondary
education 88 (31%) 192
3.985
(1.539-.315) p=0.004 280
Completed
secondary
education 23 (19%) 99
reverent
122
111 291 402

15. Entry to motherhood for out-of-school, single, 15-24 year
old girls in Mukuru Slums seems to be associated with:
• being older,
• living in Reuben and Lunga lunga villages,
• not having completed secondary school,
• staying alone
These factors should inform programs providing SRHR
interventions to adolescent girls in Mukuru.
Conclusion and Recommendation