2. Is a science that combines domain sciences,
computer science, information science and
cognitive science; thus it is a
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE from varied
theories and knowledge;
Healthcare informatics is the integration of
healthcare sciences, computer science,
information science and cognitive science to
assist in the management of healthcare
information
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3. Medical informatics is the preferred term for
Healthcare informatics;
Informatics used in educating healthcare
clients and/or the general public;
It addresses the study and management of
healthcare information
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4. Is the use of information technologies in
relation to any nursing functions and actions
of nurses (Hannah, 1985);
Is a combination of computer science,
information science and nursing science
designed to assist in the management and
processing of nursing data, information and
knowledge to support the practice of nursing
and the delivery of nursing care (Graves &
Concoran, 1989)
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5. As the specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science, and information
science in identifying, collecting, processing,
and managing data information to support
nursing practice, administration, education,
research and the expansion of nursing
knowledge (ANA, 1994)
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6. Is a specialty that integrates nursing science,
computer science and information science to
manage and communicate data, information,
and knowledge to nursing practice…it
facilitates the integration of data, information
and knowledge to support patients, nurses
and other providers in their decision-making
in all roles and settings. This support is
accomplished through the use of information
structures, information processes and
information technology (ANA, 2001b)
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7. Data, information and knowledge as
METASTRUCTURES or OVERARCHING concepts
for nursing informatics;
Knowledge
Information
Complexity
Data
Human intellect
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8. – discrete entities that are described
objectively without interpretation and may
have value assigned to a variable
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9. - reflects interpretation, organization or
structuring of data;
- the result of processing data; data processing
occurs when raw facts are transformed
through the application of context to give
meaning via organization of data into a
structure that connotes meaning
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10. - Emerges from transformation of information;
- It is information that is synthesized so that
relationships are identified and formalized;
- Note processing of information don’t always
result to knowledge
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11. Twenty-first century knowledge workers
Skills (assessment, planning, critical thinking
and evaluation) are transferable to many
different settings
Depends on access to data, information and
knowledge
Data captured at the source in the course of
clinical care are very useful
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12. Data are utilized to track effectiveness of
nursing decisions;
Analysis, combination, aggregations and
summarization are ways in which an
information system can transform data to
information and then to knowledge
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13. Evolution from NOVICE to EXPERT which a
nurse must continually exhibit the capability
to acquire and demonstrate specific skills;
Increased proficiency over time results to
enhanced competencies reflecting mastery
and ability to cope with and manage
contingencies
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14. Continued practice, combined with
additional professional experience and
knowledge; allows the nurse to evolve to the
proficient level of appreciating the rules and
maxims of practice;
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15. Data sets comprised of data elements
brought together for a specific reason “ for
storing data in a way that maintains the
logical relationships among data elements,
and are stored in a computer;
Logical structure of data base is determined
by the conceptual or theoretical views held by
the database developer
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17. OMAHA System
SNOMED CT
Patient Care Data Set (PCDS)
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and
Codes (LOINC)
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18. International Classification for Nursing
Practice (ICNP)
Nursing Management Minimum Data Set
(NMMDS)
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19. Vocabulary Problem
◦ the development of multiple specialized
terminologies causing overlapping content, and
large number of codes;
◦ terminologies develop pertaining to set s of terms,
definitions and concepts for human interpretation;
◦ Knowledge understandable to human is confusing
for computers;
◦ Inadequate terminologies to meet data needs
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20. The health informatics literature provides an
evolving framework that enumerates the
criteria that render healthcare terminologies
suitable for implementation in computer-
based systems;
Such terminologies must be concept-
oriented, rather than based on surface
linguistics
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21. Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDA) focused on
the extensive development and refinement of
terminologies;
for describing patient problems, nursing
interventions and nursing-sensitive patient
outcomes and the development of
International Classification for Nursing
Practice
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22. The main component of advanced
terminology systems:
◦ is a concept-oriented terminology
model;
◦ ontology representing a set of concepts
and their interrelationships;
◦ a model using an ontology language
that may be implemented using
description logic within a software
system.
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23. Is a concept-based representation of a
collection of domain-specific terms that is
optimized for the management of
terminological definitions;
It encompasses both schemata and type
definition e.g. “dyspnea/ severe dyspnea”
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24. Represent classes/ concepts/ categories/
types/ properties;
Ontological language is able to support,
through explicit semantics the formal
definition of concepts in terms of their
relationships with other concepts;
It facilitates reasoning, whether 2 concepts
are equivalent or not e.g. “pain, acute pain”
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25. A representation language may be
implemented using description logic within a
software system or by a suite of software
tools.
The functionality of these tools varies but
may include other things management and
internal organization of model, reasoning on
the model.
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26. ISO 18104:2003
◦ An international standard covering reference
terminology models for nursing diagnoses and
nursing actions; approved in 2003;
◦ Was developed ISO Technical Committee in
collaboration with the International Medical
Informatics Association;
◦ Originated within European Committee fro
standardization
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27. GALEN
◦ A concept-oriented approach
developed within the GALEN program;
◦ GALEN is used in a range of ways, from
directly supporting clinical applications
to support the authoring, maintenance
and quality assurance of other kinds of
terminologies.
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28. SNOMED RT
- An alternative concept-oriented approach was
developed between College of American pahologies
and Keiser Permanente;
- It is a reference terminology optimized for clinical data
retrieval and analysis;
- Concepts and relationships are represented using
modified KRSS rather than GRAIL;
- Functionality includes:
- 1. acronym resolution, word completion, term completion,
spelling, display of authorized form
- 2. automated classification
- 3. conflict management
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29. CIS, assists clinicians with data necessary for
decision-making and problem solving;
clinical disciplines and specialty services
share common user requirements as well as
having specialized practice requirements;
just as multiple departments work in a
concert for optimum patient care delivery, the
components of a CIS coordinated fashion
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30. Regardless of size/type of system CIS must
complete the 8 phases of implementation;
The implementation of clinical information is
a process introducing an application or
information system to an organization,
ensuring the full benefits and potential of the
system are realized;
The phases of implementation use a
problem-solving, scientific approach;
The problem-solving begins with observation
of the operations or problem in question.
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31. The 2nd step requires an in-depth assessment
of the issues,
3rd step developing and 4th step implementing
a plan to resolve the problem;
Last step evaluation – provides feedback
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32. Planning
System analysis
System design/system selection
Development
Testing
Training
Implementation
Evaluation
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33. The project begins when the organization
determines that an existing need/problem
must be solved by the CIS application;
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35. is the fact-finding phase; all data
requirements elated to the problem defined
are collected and analyzed to gain sound
understanding of the current system, how it
is used, what is needed for the new system
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36. Data flowchart
Grid chart
Decision table
Organizational chart
Model
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37. Details of the system and the detailed plans
for implementing the system are developed
for both the functional and the technical
components of the system;
Acceptance of the system proposal by the
steering committee heralds the beginning of
the system design.
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38. Newly developed system are assessed to
ensure that all data are processed correctly
and the desired outputs are generated;
It verifies that the computer programs are
written correctly and ensures that when
implemented in the production environment
the system will function as planned
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39. It is the preparation of all documents to
described the system for all users is an
ongoing activity, with development of the
documentation occurring as the various
system phases and steps are completed;
It includes: User’s manual, Reference manual
and Operator’s maintenance manual
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40. Prepare the end users on how to use the
system properly;
2 Levels of Training:
◦ The project team and selected members of the
system
◦ End-user training
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41. Organizes all the steps into a detailed plan
describing the series of events required to
begin using the system or application in the
production or live environment;
Details the necessary computer and software
maintenance operations required to keep the
system running.
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42. Describes and assesses in detail the new
system’s performance;
It summarizes the entire systems, identifying
both the strengths and weaknesses of the
implementation process;
It determines if the system accomplished the
stated objectives.
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44. The mode to gain access to multiple
applications;
The user has broad array of access to
information;
Systems running side-by-side, redundant
pathways and vendor and platform
independence
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