Presentation by Chris Augustin, NDSU Extension Service nutrient management specialist. This slideshow was part of the 2011 NDSU Feedlot School.

1. Nutrient Management 2010 ND Feedlot School Chris Augustin Carrington Research Extension Center Nutrient Management Specialist 701-652-2951 Chris.augustin@ndsu.edu www.ndsu.edu/nm

2. AFO Rules Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) Definition Animals have been, are, or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a total of 45 days or more in any 12-month period, and Crops, vegetation, forage growth, or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over any portion of the lot or facility.

3. AFO Rules Number of Animals CAFO >1,000 Cattle Medium AFO 300-999 Small AFO <300

4. Compliance Concerns Permits CAFO—Yes, NDPDES permit Medium AFO—Permit if The facility is within ¼ mile of surface water Or impacting waters of the state. Small AFO—if state determines impacting waters of the state

5. Compliance Concerns Nutrient Management Plan CAFO—Yes. Submit to NDDoH Medium or Small AFO Yes, if permit required and manure is applied daily or to frozen ground; soil test levels reveal high P levels or NDDoH requests a copy

6. Compliance Concerns Recordkeeping Requirements CAFO—Retained for 5 years Weekly inspection of water pollution control structures and liquid level of liquid manure storage structures Daily inspection of water lines Mortality management Copy of manure storage structure designs Date, time and volume of any overflows

7. Compliance Concerns Permits are good for 5 years 180 days before expiration, renewal shall be submitted A permit may be transferred with proper notification to the NDDoH.

8. NMPs Need Manure transfer in last year Acres available for land application Summary of discharges in previous years Type of livestock # of days/year on site Estimate of manure production Duration of manure storage Map of application and mark sensitive areas Crop rotation Soil/manure test results Recommended fertilizer rates North Dakota Livestock Program Design Manual

9. Acreage Requirements The more cattle, the more the acres needed but not a magic cows/acre number Crop rotation and soil test levels have huge impact on acres needed and future use of those fields for manure Corn performs well on manure fertilized fields

10. Manure Nutrient Balancing Type of livestock 700 Finishing Beef # of days/year on site 365 Estimate of manure production Beef Feeding Operation Siting and Design Basics (NM-1155) 64 lbs/day = 8,176 tons/year 16 lbs N/ton = 130,816 lbs N/year 7.1 lbs P/ton = 58,050 lbs P/year 14.5 lbs K/ton = 118,882 lbs K/year 145lbs N/14 ton Corn Silage =452 acres 18 tons/acre, 128lbs P/acre

11. Prioritizing Fields Soil fertility Apply N for crop needs Monitor PI Do not apply manure on fields 125 ≥ ppm P Crop sequence Proximity to neighbors Be courteous about timing Incorporate w/in 24 hours of application Proximity to surface waters At least 100ft away from surface waters unless 35ft buffer strip or if buffer is deemed not necessary

12. Map of Application and Sensitive Areas Livestock Unit

13. Q7A Q7C Q7B Q9H Q6 Q9A Q8 Q9B Q5 Q9C Q9D Q9E Q3 Q9F Q9G Q2 Q4 Q1 Q9Y 8 Field 1 Field 3 Field 5 Field 2 Field 4 Field 6 Map of Application Field 7 P10 P1 P2 P3 P9 CREC P4 P5 P8 P6 P7 N Field 11 20 Field 12 Field 23 Field 13 19 Field 14a Field 21 18 Field 14b Field 22 15 Field 24 17 16 Livestock Unit Butts

14. Field 1 Map of Application CREC N Field 14a Field 14b Field 17 & 16 Livestock Unit

15. 1,176ft 2 field lengths/load for longest field length N Flag 1= 3 field lengths/load 1,140ft 1,000ft Flag 3= 4 field lengths/load CREC Livestock Unit 750ft

18. Crops need 3 units of N for every unit of P

19. Manure has near 1:1 ratio of N:PData collected from NDSU Soil Testing Lab.

21. 30% Total P Mineralized 1st Year

23. Mix

24. Package

25. Account for differences

26. Animals, Storage Facilities, Age

29. 7’ x 3’ 1.25”

30. 6’ x 3’ 7.5”

35. Pen Surface Management If it is not practical to scrape every 10 days, the operator should consider a higher frequency of scraping under these conditions: when wet lot conditions are anticipated (i.e. in spring) reduces odor when dry lot conditions are anticipated (i.e. mid- to late summer) reduces dust Scrape manure accumulation areas (i.e. waters and feed bunks) Scraping pens periodically can save 50% of the N

36. Spring Thaw Maintenance Monitor system. Review Operations and Maintenance. Notify NDDoH if there is a spill.

37. Spring Thaw Maintenance Pump containment pond in the fall. Pile snow outside containment area. Clear snow and ice frozen pipes, culverts, and solid separator.

38. Containment Pond Management Monitor pond levels Pull water from the middle. Direct discharge in areas where environmental impact is minimal. Spread water over large grass/hay land area.

40. Containment Pond Management Pull water from the middle. Direct discharge in areas where environmental impact is minimal. Spread water over large grass/hay land area.

41. Mortality Management NDCC 36-14-19 Animals are considered to die of a contagious disease until another cause of death is apparent. Must be managed w/in 36 hours

42. Mortality Management Rendering Incineration Burial Composting Consult NDDoH

43. Mortality Management Burial Deeper than 4ft At least 4ft above water table 200ft from water In fine textured soils Mound soil to shed precipitation

44. Mortality Management Composting Area that drains, but into water of the state Area not prone to leaching Natural decomposition Does not attract rodents End result is a pathogen free, soil like product with bones that shatter

46. Maintain moisture content of bulking agent

47. Aerobic microbes work on carcass

49. Its YOUR job to take care of microorganisms.

50. Maintain ~50% water

51. Aerobic Conditions

53. Airy material

55. Laying Carcasses Dept. of Agricultural & Biosytems Engineering, Iowa State University

58. Continue monitoring piles

62. 82-0-0 = $470/ton

63. 11-52-0 = $500/ton

64. 0-0-60 = $465/ton

65. $64/25 tons Manure

66. Manure Analysis

69. Applied 150lbs of N from manure (50% mineralization) and urea

70. Conventional Till

76. Protein = Urea (a) > Fall Manure (b) > Spring Manure (b) > Check (b)

77. Both growing season were not ideal for microbial action

79. 15.3% Protein = $5.70/bu

80. 14.5% Protein = $5.40/bu

81. 14.1% Protein = $4.95/bu

83. More Info Nutrient Management News www.ndsu.edu/nm www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension www.manure.umn.edu www.health.state.nd.us/WQ/AnimalFeedingOperations/AFOProgram.htm http://ndawn.ndsu.nodak.edu/

84. Conclusion Follow NMP and ground truth soil and manure. Calibrate spreader. Maintain records. Plan ahead. Maintain your facility. Manure is good for the soil, cost effective, and can make you money.

85. Questions?