Try searching the library catalog, as many students do each semester, for the latest version of the textbook being used in a class at many universities and you will likely come up empty-handed. Many academic libraries – due to high prices, frequently-issued new editions, and a tendency to go missing from the collection – have justifiably chosen to play only a marginal role in the provision of textbooks on campus. However, the dynamics of the textbook market are changing rapidly and this presentation will explore the question: should libraries reconsider the roles they play in the provision of course materials on campus? This session will focus on the issue of affordability in the context of the rapid evolution and increased availability of e-textbooks (electronic versions of textbooks). Topics covered will include: --an overview of the e-textbook market. --purchasing options and outlets for e-textbooks. --new business models for institutional access to e-textbooks. --potential savings from e-textbook adoptions. --information on negotiating with publishers and platform providers. --why the library is well-positioned to play a prominent role in the provision of e-textbooks.
Textbook affordability is there a role for the library
1. TEXTBOOK AFFORDABILITY:
IS THERE A ROLE FOR THE
LIBRARY?
Charles Lyons
(cflyons@buffalo.edu)
Dean Hendrix
(dhendrix@buffalo.edu)
NASIG Annual Conference
June 8, 2013
Image: Anne Holly, author, Textbook
Romance
2. Textbooks Simply Cost Too Much
Source: UB Libraries Digital
Collections
Today it’s 20%
5. The Emergence of e-Textbooks:
Time for Libraries to Re-Think Roles
Source: OnlineEducation.net
6. 1. Traditional Publishers
• Negotiating with traditional publishers for lower
prices (often by buying in bulk).
2. Open Textbooks
• Creating alternatives to compete with
traditional textbooks… free ones!
3. Information Disclosure
• Informing instructors, students, and
administrators about options for saving money
3 Approaches to Affordability
8. Deploying e-Textbook Pilots at UB to
Explore These Key Questions
Status
• What are the features of today’s e-
textbooks?
Preference • Do students like/want e-textbooks?
Affordability • Can e-textbooks lower prices?
Biz Models • What are sustainable business models?
Outcomes
• Can e-textbooks improve learning
outcomes?
Library Roles • Where does the library fit?
9. • Students in participating classes given free access
to the electronic version of the required textbook
1. Course
Based
• A group of students given free access to up to any
12 e-textbooks they choose
2. Student
Based
• Course based pilot but using courses across three
SUNY campuses
3. Multi-
Campus
• Traditional library model: IP authenticated, campus
wide access to an e-textbook
4. Site
License
4 Distinct e-Textbook Pilots
10. • 850 students, 5 courses, Courseload
platform, McGraw Hill as Publisher, Fall 2012
1. Course
Based
• 300 Educational Opportunity Program (EOP)
students CourseSmart platform, Spring 2013
2. Student
Based
• 443 students, 6 courses, 3 SUNY’s, 6
publishers, CourseSmart, Spring 2013
3. Multi-
Campus
• Nature’s Principles of Biology, campus wide
access to limited version, FY 2012-13
4. Site
License
4 Distinct e-Textbook Pilots (more)
11. • Learning Management System: use the LMS to
manage access is an emerging best practice
• Identity / Privacy: managing student data securely is
very important!
Identity Management
12. e-Textbook Pilots:
Other Lessons Learned
• Support: providing help/support during
pilots was NOT as heavy as expected
• Accessibility: most vendors are behind
• Faculty education is needed
• Length of access: need more options
16. e-Textbooks: Student Likes and Dislikes
Based on Our Survey Data
Cheaper
More portable
Environmentally
friendly
Searching
Screen reading
Online distractions
Flipping around
Internet connection
Likes
Dislikes
18. • High laptop access
• Low tablet and smartphone access
• Student based pilot averaged five books
per student
• A small number of students accounted for
majority of features use
Usage (Fall 12 & Spring 13)
21. e-Journals Didn’t Lower Prices,
Why Can e-Textbooks?
• Used Market: publishers are motivated because
they are losing money on print
• Frustration: textbook consumers are fired up
• Journals are tied to promotion and tenure;
textbooks not so much
• Open textbooks provide competition
• We’ve learned something from the transitions
with e-journals and e-books
• Bulk purchasing: publishers will lower prices if
they can increase sales volume
22. Reasons Why They Cost Too Much…
Inelastic1
and Mediated2
Market
Publishers StudentsProfessors
2
Mediated: the book chooser is not the book buyer
1
Inelastic: price does not affect demand (not yet)
25. • 87% avg savings off new list
• $23 per student per e-textbook
1. Course
Based
• $42 per student per e-textbook
2. Student
Based
• 61% avg savings off new list
• $47 per student per e-textbook
3. Multi-
Campus
• Inconclusive
4. Site
License
Publisher Want to Respond with
e-Textbooks (and at lower prices)
27. Longitudinal increases in:
• Study efficiency
• Organization
• Engagement
• Flexibility
No reported differences in:
• Reading more
Student Learning Trends
28. Students report:
• 1/3 e-textbook
• 1/3 makes no difference
• 1/3 print textbook
Q: Do e-textbooks or print textbooks provide a
better learning experience?
30. Partnership with the University Bookstore(?)
Content Aggregators
• CourseLoad, CourseSmart, Vital Source, CafeScribe, Kno
Individual Publishers
• Cengage Brain, McGraw-Hill Connect, Pearson
MyLabs, Wiley Plus
Academic collaborations
• Internet2/EDUCAUSE
• SUNY / New York State
• Anyone in the audience?
Content Acquisition Models:
Collaboration is Key
31. • SUNY as an Individual License Negotiator
• Course Based Fee
• Universal e-Textbook Fee
• Pay per view
• e-Textbooks as Financial Aid
• Open Learning Resources
Looking Forward:
Sustainable Business Models
32. • e-Reserves and other library models
• Performance based pricing
• Edition based pricing
• Tiered pricing
• Move away from pricing based on discount
off list print price
• Big deals, bundles
• Site licenses
More Experimental
Business Models
34. Why the Library?
• Libraries have managed transitions from print to
electronic before
• Libraries know academic publishing and licensing
• Libraries already manage access to non-textbook e-books
• Tomorrow’s e-textbooks will resemble today’s library
databases
• This is an opportunity for library to (further) integrate in
to the curriculum
• Libraries are well positioned on campus as coordinators
and facilitators
37. e-Textbooks are Coming…
Are Libraries Ready?
• Students will soon arrive at college expecting e-textbooks
• Graduates will be expected to be e-literate
• Publishers are motivated to get out of print
• e-Textbooks are currently only at 10% of the market
• We are early in the evolution of e-textbooks
• Increasing ubiquity of e-Readers, tablets, smartphones
• Rise of online learning and MOOC’s
Our problems with Identity Management.FROM CS: when a student logs into the service through the LMS integration, their password is not passed through to CourseSmart. Instead, we check to see if they were successfully authenticated by your system, and if so, we check our system for a user account that matches the loginID. If there is a match, we present that user account to the individual (their personalized CourseSmart bookshelf account). If there is not a match, we create a new user account on our end and ask the student to generate a passcode. It is possible the student could use their school passcode to complete the CourseSmart account setup. But that passcode and all information surrounding it is protected by our privacy policies. There are many benefits to having access to their account via CourseSmart.com, including the ability to access via mobile devices, offline use, and options to access their books by renewing them after matriculation in the course endsTRUSTe - resolve by providing our FERPA policies and other privacy policy information that goes along with being a TRUSTe certified service. TRUSTe services comply with the highest available standards for protecting personal information.CourseSmart want to add value (iOS and Android apps, offline use, and options to access their books by renewing them )Also want to add customersCourseSmart altered their building block
“E-textbooks hurt my eyes. I hate it, except it was free so I hate it slightly less.”“E-textbooks work poorly for me because the ‘internet’ aspect is so distracting. For example, ‘I'm reading my textbook…[5 minutes later]…I'm bored. Facebook.’”“E-textbooks helped me save a lot of money especially with the increasing tuitions. It has enabled me to read the textbook pages during the 20+ minute bus rides from South campus to North campus.”“…an option to keep the books after the semester, or even purchase the books at a lower rate would be great for students like me.”Academic Probation
Both semesters, student saw the value in e-textbooks
Fall 2012 - Would you be willing to enroll in a course with a mandatory e-text charge that was less expensive than a textbook price you could get on your own? 28% YES22% NO50% MAYBEEOP45% no fee50% if under $2005% over $200
Flexibility improved fall (35) %vs. spring (61%)Study efficiency improved fall (25%) v. (54%) springEngagement with content Fall (27%) v. 61%
They see the value in e-textbooks
Must convince bookstore that their business model is dead and to be the primary source they need to be seen as the best possible option. Bookstores are the best source of data. Rental agreements, used books, course materials, etc.To get their book list, you may have to play hard ball with them using HEOA as justification. HEOA list -To the maximum extent practicable, a school must post verified textbook pricing information for both required and recommended materials for each class on the schedule of classes that the school has posted online. This pricing information must include the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and retail price for all required and recommended textbooks and supplemental materials for each course listed in the institution’s course schedule. Every dollar spent on Amazon is a dollar lost for the campus.They are greedy. They take too large of a cut. They need to understand we are in the business of SAVING MONEY!In our particular case…Not interested in partnering. Bookstore on the org chartThe bookstore’s prices equaled a 28% discountCard issuanceLMS integration?Bookstore runs HEOA database (E-Follett) for RegistrarFaculty do have an option to manually enter textbook info to get books from another provider