Smog , Types of smog and smog 2020 in Pakistan

1. SMOG
PRESENTED BY : Muzna Kashaf
Roll number : 16261514-030

2. SMOG
• Smog is air pollution that reduces visibility.
• The term "smog" was first used in the early 1900s by H.A. Des
Voeux to describe a mix of smoke and fog over many British
towns.
• It is grimy, dirty, smelly and more dangerous than smoke.
• Smog was common in industrial areas, and remains a familiar
sight in cities today.

3. FORMATION OF SMOG
• Pollutant from automobiles, factories etc. are released into the
atmosphere.
• Under certain conditions of the atmosphere these particles
remain suspended in air.
• Suspended layer forms smog.

4. TYPES OF SMOG
 Two distinct types of smog are recognized:
 Sulfurous smog
 Photochemical smog

5. SULFUROUS SMOG
• Also called as London or Industrial smog.
• It results from a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air.
• It is caused by the use of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels,
particularly coal.
• Under right conditions smoke and sulfur dioxide can combine
with fog to produce industrial smog.
• In high conc. it is extremely toxic to humans and other living
organisms.

6. PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
• It is also known as “Los Angeles smog”.
• It develops when primary pollutants (oxides of nitrogen and other
organic compounds) interact under influence of sunlight
(photochemical reaction).
• This interaction produces mixture of hazardous chemicals called
secondary pollutants e.g. LA smog.
• Burning of fossil fuels like gasoline can also create photochemical
smog.

9. EFFECTS OF SMOG
• Smog is unhealthy to humans and animals, and it can kill plants.
• It causes:
 Coughing and throat or chest irritation.
 Worsening of asthma symptoms.
 Difficulty in breathing and lung damage.
 Heart failure.
 Smog affects everyone differently, and some people are more
susceptible to its negative effects.
 Children, seniors, and people with asthma need to be especially
careful on smoggy days.

11. PRECAUTIONS
• To spend less time outdoors.
• Schedule your outside activities for the early morning or evening,
when ozone levels are low.
• Drive less and walk, bike, carpool, and use public transportation
whenever possible.

12. SMOG IN PAKISTAN
• In recent years, smog has become a problem for some cities in
Pakistan due to industrial and transport pollution.
• The recent smog was observed on 6th November in Lahore as AQI
is recorded as 600.
• Punjab Minister for Industries, Commerce and Investment Mian
Aslam Iqbal in november,2018 said the government was adopting
adequate measures to combat pollution and smog across the
province.
• He maintained that a campaign would be launched on social
media to raise awareness about the damages caused to the
environment by burning of solid waste.

14. THANKS.