1. Production Chemical Group
PC Duracaps®
CI
Encapsulated Corrosion
Inhibitor
Technological Report
Down Hole Corrosion Protection

2. Registered Office: Third Floor, Ulysses House Foley Street Dublin 1 Ireland.
Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171
Web Site: - www.productionchemical.com
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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
Group of Companies
CONTENTS
Page
Section I- Over View Duracaps® CI – Technology Report----------------------------------------- 3
Section II-PC Duracaps® CI Characteristics and Physical properties--------------------------- 4
Section III-Factors influencing Caps release and transport---------------------------------------- 5
Section IV-PC Duracaps® CI Advantages-------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Section V-Cost comparisons per annum-------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Section VI- Estimating Life Expectancy --------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Section VII- Application of PC Duracaps-------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Section VIII- Monitoring --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Section IX- Shipping and Handling -------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Contact Information------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

3. Registered Office: Third Floor, Ulysses House Foley Street Dublin 1 Ireland.
Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171
Web Site: - www.productionchemical.com
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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
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Encapsulated Corrosion Inhibitor
PC Duracaps®
CI
Technology Report
Corrosion Inhibitor for Controlled, Long Term Release
Section I: Overview
1.1 Introduction
The concept to introduce PC Duracaps®
CI encapsulated Corrosion inhibitor into the market
was to replace the conventional downhole treatments against corrosion. These traditional
periodic batch treatments require large amounts of corrosion inhibitor at every single batch
treatment or continuous injection into service environment to effect a change in the corrosion
profile of the well. These treatments are designed to quickly establish an inhibitor film along
the production string and reduce corrosion level. Inhibitor film remains on tubing until it
eventually "stripped off' by incoming fluids. Hence depending on the type of inhibitor,
production volumes & downhole dynamics, a batch treatment can only provide protection for
several days or may be up to a week, unless retreatment is conducted to maintain the
coating.
Although this treatment method has been utilized for many years, it is known to have
undesirable side effects, either at the intended target area or downstream of the target area.
Some of drawbacks include; significant loss of huge quantity of active product due to non-
absorption on the production string, formation damage resulting from incidental introduction
of foreign fluids into the production zone, and downstream system upsets due to high
feedback concentrations of inhibitor immediately after application. As the batch treatment

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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
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only coats the casing or tubing down to about 500ft from perforations. This means this
section has not been coated by corrosion inhibitor causes accelerated corrosion due to
unprotected areas resulting in regular casing or tubing failure.
Section II: Characteristics & Physical Properties
PC Duracaps®
CI is a very specialized micro-encapsulated Corrosion Inhibitor designed to
provide low level, long term controlled release of corrosion inhibitor.
Outstanding characteristics;
• Sustained, Low Level Release
Provides Long Term Protection
• Requires No Expensive
Continuous Chemical Injection
Equipment
• Does Not Damage Producing
Formations
• Functions Under a Wide Range of
Down Hole Conditions
Physical Properties
Sr. No. Property details
1. Appearance semi solid aggregate specialized complex matrix
of polymer in a liquid Brine
2. Color white semi solid matrices in amber brine
3. Density @ 60 0
F 9.15 -9.25
4. Solubility in Water Soluble
5. Specific Gravity(H2O=1) 1.124
6. Flash point >200o
F

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Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171
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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
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Section III: Factors Influencing Cap Release & Transport
There are 3 x basic mechanisms, occurring simultaneously, with regards to release and
transport of active material namely.
1) Release of active material from capsule’s polymeric matrix.
2) Transport of active material from Duracaps®
CI surface to the point where it Contacts
incoming produced fluids forming a concentration gradient.
3) Transport of active material from well bore up to the production tubing string.
Section IV- PC Duracaps®
CI Advantages
Through extensive experience of treating wells globally, we have concluded the following
factors, which help the Oil & Gas producing companies to save a lot of time and revenue;
• Complete Protection of the well tubular from bottom to top, unlike a conventional
Corrosion Inhibitor.
• Reduce the cost of mobility of machinery & manpower expense every month to well
site for batch treatment, by reducing it to once or maybe twice a year, making huge
saving without any continuous scale inhibitor injection.
• Avoid the loss of continuous CI injection down hole due to number of unforeseen
reasons such as, pump failure, chemical makeup, inventory at site etc.
• Both Duracaps®
CI & SI can be charged together to give protection against Corrosion
& Scale.
• Less wear & tear of the well as it will only be shut down once or twice in a year for the
Inhibitor treatment.
• PC Duracaps®
CI & SI are excellent replacement to continuous injection through
Capillary tubing down hole.
• PC Duracaps®
CI- unlike conventional squeeze treatment do not have the risk to
damage the reservoir/formation.

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Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171
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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
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Considering the above factors, the cost of PC Duracaps®
CI itself is insignificant as compare
to the cost of a conventional Corrosion Inhibitors and its frequency for annual treatment.
Similarly, considering the un–interrupted production without any batch treatment for
extensive period, advantages are unmatchable.
Section V- Cost Comparisons per annum
Conventional CI PC Duracaps
®
CI
Material cost
• Quantity of chemical:
• Quantity of solvents:
Material cost
• Cost of the chemical: 2 drums
• Cost of solvents: NA
Frequency per year:
• Batch treatment: 24 x application
• Capillary tubing: continuous
Frequency per year:
• Application: 1 x application
Cost of batch treatment
1. Batch treatment:
(Material cost) x (solvent cost) x
(equipment cost) x (man hours) =
(value X) ….(i)
(value X) x (cost of production Loss
during shut-in) x 24 = (Total expense)
2. Capillary Treatment
(material cost) x (solvent cost) x
(equipment cost) x (condensate loss) x
(tubing& equipment replacement cost
due to un-interrupted injection) x (man
hours for monitoring injection) = (Total
Expense)
Cost of treatment
Charging with Duracaps®
CI
(material cost x solvent cost x
equipment cost x man hours) = (value
Y) …. (i)
(value Y) x (cost of production loss
during shut-in) x 1 = (Total expense)
No capillary treatment required due
to continuous release of the chemical
for top to bottom protection

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Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171
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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
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PC Duracaps®
CI future for corrosion inhibition downhole
Section VI: Estimating Life Expectancy
As previously discussed the length of a Duracaps®
CI treatment will depend on many factors
such as;
• Amount of Duracaps®
CI charged into the well
• Bottom hole temperature, salinity & pH
• Rat hole dimensions
• Production volumes
Due to the interaction of these factors, it is very difficult to predict the life expectancy for a
given amount of Duracaps®
CI.
Section VII: Application of Duracaps®
CI
Production Chemical would like to recommend following methods in detail for placement of
PC Duracaps® CI in the rat hole of candidate well;
• Bull heading using High Pressure Pump
• Through Coil Tubing Unit.
• Using the area between master valve and swab valve as a lubricator

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Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171
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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL
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Section VIII: Monitoring
a) Coupons/Probes: Strategically placed corrosion coupons or probes in the system at the
wellhead or along the flow line to identify the severity of corrosion in the produced fluids.
b) Fe & Mn counts: Periodic monitoring of iron counts via colorimetric or
spectrophotometric methods during the treatment period can also be used as a means to
measure the effective treatment of PC Duracaps®
CI.
It is important to obtain a baseline value of Fe & Mn content in the produced fluids prior to
application of Duracaps®
CI in order to compare counts obtained after and during the
treatment period.
Section IX: Shipping and Handling
Duracaps®
CI is shipped in 55 US gallon lined drums or 200 liters, is Non-Regulated by the US
Department of Transportation. As with any chemical, avoid contact with skin, eyes or
clothing. If skin or eye contact does occur, flush exposed area with copious amount of water.
Material Safety Data Sheets are available upon request.
“We have a lot of innovative products which make us one of the
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For additional information please contact;
Production Chemical Group
Forwarding address
England- London Office
Admin Services; PO Box 618, Staines upon Thames, TW18 9GA
Telephone: +44 207 118 3477 Fax: +44 207 118 3478
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