4. ANESTHETIC DEATH
âAnaesthetic deathâ is often
defined as the death of a patient
who has had an anaesthetic,
within 24 hours of the procedure.
This is irrespective of the
contribution of anaesthesia to the
cause of death.
4
5. The recent studies defined
mortality associated with
anesthesia as a death under
anesthesia or as a result of
anesthesia and death within
24hrs of an anesthetic procedure.
5
8. Can be classified further
into 4 groups according
to the cause of the death
Journal of clinical pathology 1999 52 640-652
Roger. D. Start et al
8
9. Directly caused by the disease for which
anesthesia was being performed eg:
aneurysmal rupture during aneurysmal repair
Caused by a disease other than for which
anesthesia was being performed eg: CAD
patient dying in a whipples resection
Resulting from a mishap of the surgery eg:
rebleeding in Tonsillar surgeries
Resulting from a mishap of anesthesia eg:
slipped ETT in cleft lip and palate surgery
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10. Incidence
ï” High in the developing countries
ï” High with emergency and complex surgeries
ï” High with age
ï” High with inadequate preop preparation
ï” Inappropriate postop care
ï” Lack of supervision
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11. Timing of perioperative mortality
Majority occurs in the postoperative(51%)
Intraoperative(37%)and during induction(9%) of
anesthesia
11
Percentage
Postoperative
Intraoperative
Induction
27. 1. Drug overdose/ adverse reaction
2. Rhythm disturbances
3. Peri-op MI
4. Airway obstruction
5. High spinal
6. Lack of vigilance
7. Bleeding
8. Over-dosage of inhalation agent
9. Aspiration
10. Technical problem in anaesthesia system
10 common causes of cardiac
arrest under anaesthesia
29. 1. Preoperative assessment, investigation and counselling
of the patient
2. Preoperative checking of equipment and the assurance
of backup equipment
3. The availability of an appropriately trained Assistant
4. Preoperative consultation with more experienced
personnel, where necessary, regarding the Most
appropriate anaesthetic technique
5. The use of appropriate monitoring techniques
AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS
31. RECORD KEEPING
ï” Vital sign & treatment
ïŹ Trends in vital sign
ïŹ Early intervension
ï” safer sharing of care between
anesthetists
ïŹ Handover long cases
ïŹ Better team work
ï” After the event investigations &
learning,thus reducing
complications
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32. REDUNDENT SYSTEMS
ï” Availability of at least two working
laryngoscopes
ï” Maintenance of 2 or more IV line if
blood loss expected
ï” Monitoring of expired volatile agent
conc . Alongwith depth of anesthesia
monitors
ïŹ Minimizes risk of awareness
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33. MONITORING
ï”ASA & AAGBI have set minimum
standard of intraoperative
monitoring
ï”Automatically activated alarmâŠ.
Values set by anesthetists
33
34. SUMMARY
Prophylactic measures
ï” Improve the preoperative assessment
ï” Provide preoperative preparations
ï” Improve the monitoring standards
ï” Provide balanced anesthesia
ï” Provide adequate post operative care
ï” Provide adequate supervision
ï” Proper auditing of critical incidents
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38. GENERAL
MANAGEMENT
ï” Provision of high FiO2
ï” Assurance of adequate cardiac output
ïŹ Cessation of perfusion âŠmore rapid
damage of organs than low level of
oxygenation
ïŹ Brain & heart most sensitive
ïŹ Liver & kidneys âŠpotentially at risk
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40. 4. Choice of a
working diagnosis,
which is either the
most likely or the most
dangerous possibility
5. Treatment of
the working
diagnosis
6. Assessment of the
response of the
problem to the
treatment
administered
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41. 7. Refinement of the list
of differential diagnoses,
especially if the response
has not been as expected
8. Confirmation or elimination of
the choice of working diagnosis; if
the response to treatment has
been unexpected then
replacement with a more likely
working diagnosis is indicated
9. Go to step 5 and
repeat until the problem is
resolved
42. RECORD KEEPING &
DOCUMENTATION
ï” Trends in pt physiological data apparent only
when charted
ï” Generation of new DD of a problem with help
of data
ï” Data of an incident & complication important in
preventing future repetition through education
in department
ï” Detailed record available to defend the
practitioner
42
43. Put every moment in
black and white
The more detail, the better
43
44. Documentations after the
event
ï” Prepare the accurate records
ï” Donât alter the original notes
ï” Amendments and additions are recorded
separately
ï” Preoperative visit details are included
ï” Consent form and relevant investigation
reports are collected
44
45. Documentation checklist
When the patient was first seen by whom?
What was prescribed?
Investigation reports
Plan of anesthesia
Critical incidents
Remedial measures
Senior Help sought
45
49. Communicating with
relatives
ï” Quiet comfortable room to sit
ï” Help from a senior
ï” Surgical and nursing colleague are
included
ï” Explain the serious complications
ï” Tried remedial measures detailed
ï” Answer all immediate questions
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