Breast Cancer Triple Assessment Self examination

1. Breast Cancer
Ministry of Health
Surgery department
Gedaref teaching hospital
Unit : Mr. Abdalbasit
Mr. Naser eldin
D. Muhammad Isaac

2. Definition of breast cancer
• Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the
breast grow out of control. There are different
kinds of breast cancer, based on which cells in
the breast turn into cancer. Breast cancer can
begin in different parts of the breast.

4. Types of breast cancer
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- Ductal carcinoma breast cancer
- Mixed tumour breast cancer
- Inflammatory breast cancer
- Mucinous breast cancer
- Lobular breast cancer

6. AGES AND HOW PRONE THEY
ARE TO BREAST CANCER
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Babies (0-2 years): extremely rare
Toddlers (3-5 years): extremely rare
Children (6-13 years): extremely rare
Teens (14-18 years): very rare
Young adults (19-40 years): rare
Adults (41-60 years): common
Seniors (60+ years): common

7. Incidence & Risk factors
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The incidence increases with age, but at
menopause the rate of increase slows. Risk
fac tors for developing breast cancer include:
• oestrogen exposure, unopposed by progesterone
• nulliparous women in developed countries
• mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
• early menarche/late menopause
• family history
• saturated dietary fats
• previous benign atypical hyperplasia.

8. Causes of breast cancer
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Note : most breast cancer causes are risk
factors that cannot be changed
Examples ⏩

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- older age 40+
- Genetic mutations
- Having dense breasts
- Personal history of breast cancer or certain
non-cancerous breast diseases
- Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Previous treatment using radiation therapy
- Exposure to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES)

10. Growth of Breast CA
• On average, breast cancers double in size every
180 days, or about every 6 months.

11. Triple Assessment
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Clinical assessment (history/examination)
Mammography and/or ultrasound
fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core
biopsy.

12. Symptoms of breast cancer
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Swelling of all or part of a breast (even if no
lump is felt)
Skin peeling
Breast or nipple pain.
Nipple retraction (turning inward)
Nipple or breast skin that is red, dry, flaking, or
thickened.
Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)

14. How to do self examinations
• Doing self examinations can increase the
chance of noticing symptoms early

16. Treatments of breast cancer
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Surgery : In patients without systemic disease,
surgery is potentially curative.
Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy.
Biological therapy.
Radiation therapy.

17. Surgery
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Treatment options
include mastectomy or breast-conservation
surgery, such as wide local excision or
quad rantectomy. Axillary lymph node status is
a good prognostic indicator for breast cancer
and is helpful in delineating further treatment
pathways.

18. Management of the axilla
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Management of the axilla is
controversial. Options include axillary node
sampling, clearance or sentinel node biopsy.
The sentinel node is the first lymph node the breast
lymphatics drain to before reaching
the axilla.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an alternative to
axillary sampling or clearance
which provides information on the probable
tumour status of other axillary lymph nodes.

19. Sentinel lymph node
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The technique involves injection of a
technetium-based radioisotope into the breast,
often
in combination with a dye. The sentinel node is
detected with the use of a gamma cam era or
direct visualization on dissection (the dye is
usually blue) before excision.

20. Sources :
James A gossage , Bijan
Modarai , Arun sahai and
Richard Worth book.
Wikipedia
//t.co/1Bt4jdbvpv.com

21. Thank you