2nd year

1. Plants
Section One

2. Objectives
 Summarize how plants are adapted to
living on land.
 Distinguish nonvascular plants from
vascular.
 Relate the success of plants on land to
seeds and flowers.
 Describe the basic structure of a vascular
plant.

3. Adaptations of Plants on
Land
 #1 Absorbing Nutrients – To survive
on land, plants evolved the ability to
absorb mineral nutrients from the soil.
Nodules full of nitrogen-fixing
bacteria on the roots of a soy
bean plant

4. Adaptations of Plants on
Land
 #2 Preventing Water Loss – to survive
on land, plants evolved a waxy outer
covering called a cuticle and stomata
for gas exchange.

5. Cuticle and Stoma
Sketches
Stoma
Cuticle Cross Section

6. Cuticle and Stoma
Sketches
Stoma
Cuticle Cross Section

7. Adaptations of Plants on
Land
 #3 Reproducing on Land – To survive
on land, plants use pollen to reproduce
without water.
Pollen on an ant

8. Adaptations of Plant
Tissues
 #1 Advantages of Conducting
Tissues – Vascular plants have a
system of well-developed tissues that
transport water in a plant.

9. Adaptations of Plant
Tissues
 #2 Advantages of seeds – Seeds
protect and nourish a plants embryo

10. Adaptations of Plant
Tissues
 #3 Advantages of Flowers – Flowers
make reproduction more efficient by
promoting pollination.

11. Kinds of Plants
simple complex
 Nonvascular Plants
 Small
 Lack vascular tissue
 Examples = moss, liverworts and hornworts
It’s easy to
see how
“Hornworts
got their
names!
This moss is used to
determine levels of Liverworts in central
pollutants Texas

12. Kinds of Plants
simple complex
 Seedless Vascular Plants
 Produce spores with thickened walls to
prevent them from drying out.
 Include ferns, club mosses, horse tails
Spores on the underside
of fern leaves. Horse tails
Club mosses in Canada

13. Kinds of Plants
simple complex
 Gymnosperms
 Seed plants that produce cones
 Include conifers, cycads and ginkgoes
Spores on the underside
of fern leaves. The unique fan-like
An old pine tree in leaves of the ginkgo tree
California

14. Kinds of Plants
simple complex
 Angiosperms
 Seed plants that produce fruit and flowers.
 Divided into 2 main groups
Yep, grass flowers too
A large Sugar Maple Tree
Sunflowers in a field

15. Monocots Verses
Dicots
Floral Parts in 3’s
Floral Parts in 3’s Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’s
Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’s

16. Monocots Verses
Dicots
Parallel leaf veins
Parallel leaf veins Net-like leaf veins
Net-like leaf veins

17. Monocots Verses
Dicots
Fibrous root system
Fibrous root system Taproot System
Taproot System

18. Monocots Verses
Dicots
Vascular Tissue
Vascular Tissue Vascular tissue in rings
Vascular tissue in rings
Scattered

19. Monocots Verses
Dicots
Floral Parts in 3’s
Floral Parts in 3’s Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’s
Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’s
Parallel leaf veins Net-like leaf veins
Fibrous root system Taproot System
Vascular Tissue Vascular tissue in rings
Scattered
Includes: grass, lilies, Includes: Roses, oaks,
orchids, and palm trees. sunflowers and most non-
conifer trees.

20. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Monocot!

21. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Dicot!

22. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Monocot!

23. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Monocot!

24. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Dicot!

25. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Monocot!

26. Name that
Angiosperm!!
Dicot!

27. Plants in our lives
 Fruits and vegetables
 Crops
 Wood
 medicine
 Fibers

28. Reproduction in Seed Plants
Section 2
Reproduction in
Plants
section 2

29. Sexual Reproduction in Seed
Plants
 Objectives
 Distinguish the male and female
gametophytes of seed plants.
 Describe the function of a seed.
 Relate the parts of a flower to their
function
 Summarize the life cycle of an
angiosperm

30. Important Vocabulary
1
 anther
 The pollen bearing portion of a stamen in flowering plants.
 carpels
 A leaf like floral structure enclosing the ovule or ovules of
angiosperms.
 corolla
 Petals, collectively; usually the colored flower parts.
 egg
 A female gamete.
 embryo sac
 The female gametophyte of a flowering plant, inside the ovule.

31. Important Vocabulary
2
 endosperm
 In plants a triploid tissue containing stored food, develops from
the union of a sperm nucleus and two nuclei of the central cell
of the female gametophyte. Found only in angiosperms.
 filament
 A chain of cells, but in flowers it is the stalk of a stamen.
 fruit
 In angiosperms a matured, ripened ovary or group of ovaries
and associated structure. Contains the seeds.
 gametophyte
 The haploid (n) gamete producing gerneration (plants have
alternating haploid and diploid generations).

32. Important Vocabulary
3
 ovary
 In flowering plants the enlarged basal portion of a carpel or fused
carpel containing the ovule or ovules. Ovary matures to become the
fruit.
 ovules
 In seed plants a structure composed of a protective outer coat, a
tissue specialized for food storage, and a female gametophyte with an
egg cell. Becomes a seed after it is fertilized.
 pollen
 In seed plants, spore consisting of an immature male gametophyte
and a protective outer covering.
 seed
 A complex structure formed by the maturation of the ovule of seed
plants following fertilization; upon germination a seed develops into a
plant. Seed is made up of a seed coat, embryo and a food reserve.

33. Important Vocabulary
4
 stamens
 The male structure of a flower which produces pollen.
 stigma
 In plants, the region of a carpel serving as a receptive surface
for pollen.
 style
 In angiosperms, the stalk of a carpel which the pollen tube
grows through.
 zygote
 The diploid (2n) cell resulting from the union of male and
female gametes (fertilization).

34. Reproductive
Structures
 Tiny gametophytes of seed plants
develop from spores that remain within
saprophyte tissues.