Enjoyment of Music 3rd Ed. pgs. 58-63 ADA Compliant

1. Lecture Slides
THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC
ESSENTIAL LISTENING
EDITION
THIRD EDITION
by
Kristine Forney
Andrew Dell’Antonio
Joseph Machlis

2. Part 2
The Middle Ages and Renaissance

3. Part 2
The Middle Ages and Renaissance

4. Ancient Period
• Beg of time unknown to
1300
• Up until birth of Christ-
Ancient Music, 0-1300-
Medieval Period
• Instruments-violin,
flute, versions of
trumpet, oboe
• Rna-chum-Tibet, made
of human skulls
(Damaru?)
No known composers,
mostly passed down
orally between
generations

5. Greek & Roman Civilizations
• 1st written music found
in Greece, 600 B.C.
• Golden Age of Pericles-
value of music in Greek
society
• Plato-considered music
essential part of
education, influenced
moral character

6. Greek & Roman Civilizations
• Greeks developed
instruments
– Zither or Lyre
– Harp-like Instrument
 Romans emphasized
military music

7. From Antiquity to the Middle of
Things
• Ancient Mediterranean cultures:
foundation of Western music
• Fall of Roman Empire (476): beginning of
Middle Ages
• Early Middle Ages (500–1000)
– power from kings, approval of Roman Catholic
Church
• Charlemagne (742–814): Crowned by Pope
Leo III; HRE; encouraged education; made
music notation systematic

8. Middle Ages: Overview
Time Period: 476 CE - ~1400 CE
• 1066--Normans conquer England
• 1095--Beginning of first crusade
• 1215--King John of England signs Magna Carta
• 1348-1350--Black Death ravages Europe

9. Later Middle Ages (1000–1450)
• Universities founded
• Cities emerged: cultural centers
• Cathedrals: Notre Dame in Paris
– musical center: early polyphonic
compositions

10. Markets and Courts
• Feudal society: later Middle Ages
• Trade routes throughout Europe
– music: crucial commodity
• Crusades: era of violence
– knights: age of chivalry
– cult of Mary: raised status of women
– court (and traveling) minstrels: secular music
• songs about romantic love
• music in vernacular (language of the people)
• brought back Arab and Turkish music and instruments

11. Music Enhances Communication
• Notation: sound to paper
• Music as commodity
– preserved, taught and learned, bought and sold
• Social activity: recreational and spiritual
– sacred music: Christian worship
– secular music: social, entertainment, personal
expression

12. Middle Ages: 476 CE - ~1400 CE
• Gregorian chant--plainchant composed by
anonymous monks or priests
– Words of the Catholic sacred liturgy
– Sung by voice or choir in unison (no harmony)

13. Musicians in Medieval and Renaissance
Society
• Musicians were supported by public
institutions as well as aristocracy.
• Employment in music-related fields was
abundant.
• The merchant class emerged as a new
group of music patrons.
• Most cultivated middle and upper class
were amateur musicians.
• Music literacy increased due to the
invention of music printing.

14. Lecture Slides
THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC
ESSENTIAL LISTENING EDITION
THIRD EDITION
by
Kristine Forney
Andrew Dell’Antonio
Joseph Machlis