1. The Reign of LouisThe Reign of Louis
XIVXIV
Chapter 21, Section 2Chapter 21, Section 2

2. Section OpenerSection Opener
 After a century of war and riots, France wasAfter a century of war and riots, France was
ruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarchruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarch
of this time.of this time.

3. Religious Wars and Power StrugglesReligious Wars and Power Struggles
 Henry of NavarreHenry of Navarre
 Henry, who was a FrenchHenry, who was a French
Calvinist (Huguenot)Calvinist (Huguenot)
ascends to French throneascends to French throne
in 1589 and converts toin 1589 and converts to
Catholicism ending theCatholicism ending the
religious wars.religious wars.
 Issues Edict of Nantes—aIssues Edict of Nantes—a
declaration of religiousdeclaration of religious
tolerationtoleration

4. Religious Wars and Power StrugglesReligious Wars and Power Struggles
 Louis XIII and CardinalLouis XIII and Cardinal
RichelieuRichelieu
 Louis XIII appointsLouis XIII appoints
Cardinal Richelieu in 1624Cardinal Richelieu in 1624
as minister who rulesas minister who rules
France.France.
 Increases power of theIncreases power of the
Bourbons by limitingBourbons by limiting
Huguenots’ freedomHuguenots’ freedom
 Also weakens power ofAlso weakens power of
the nobilitythe nobility

5.  Picture of LouisPicture of Louis
XIIIXIII

6. Writers Turn Toward SkepticismWriters Turn Toward Skepticism
 A New AttitudeA New Attitude
 Skepticism—the idea that nothing can be known forSkepticism—the idea that nothing can be known for
certain. It resulted from those who were horrified bycertain. It resulted from those who were horrified by
groups that claimed to be the only ones with agroups that claimed to be the only ones with a
correct set of doctrines.correct set of doctrines.
 Montaigne and DescartesMontaigne and Descartes
 Montaigne explores ideas about life’s meaning inMontaigne explores ideas about life’s meaning in
essays.essays.
 Descartes uses observation and reason to create newDescartes uses observation and reason to create new
philosophy and help develop scientific method.philosophy and help develop scientific method.

7. Louis XIV Comes to PowerLouis XIV Comes to Power
 A New French RulerA New French Ruler
 Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in FrenchLouis XIV is the most powerful ruler in French
history.history.
 Louis the Boy KingLouis the Boy King
 Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister while heHatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister while he
was a boy, leads to riots.was a boy, leads to riots.

8.  Louis Weakens the Nobles AuthorityLouis Weakens the Nobles Authority
 Louis takes control of the government in 1661.Louis takes control of the government in 1661.
 He appointsHe appoints intendantsintendants—government agents—to—government agents—to
collect taxes.collect taxes.
 Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
 Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps theJean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps the
economy grow. He believes in mercantilism.economy grow. He believes in mercantilism.
 In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; HuguenotsIn 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; Huguenots
flee France.flee France.

9. The Sun King’s Grand StyleThe Sun King’s Grand Style
 A Life of LuxuryA Life of Luxury
 Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.
 Louis Controls the NobilityLouis Controls the Nobility
 Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power over them.Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power over them.
 Builds magnificent palace at VersaillesBuilds magnificent palace at Versailles
 Patronage of the ArtsPatronage of the Arts
 Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIVVersailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIV
 Purpose of the arts is to glorify LouisPurpose of the arts is to glorify Louis

10. Panoramic view of Versailles PalacePanoramic view of Versailles Palace

11. Another view of Versailles PalaceAnother view of Versailles Palace

12. Drawing of Versailles from aboveDrawing of Versailles from above

13. Queen’s Bed ChamberQueen’s Bed Chamber

14. Louis Fights Disastrous WarsLouis Fights Disastrous Wars
 Attempts to Expand France’s BoundariesAttempts to Expand France’s Boundaries
 Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s to expandLouis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s to expand
France.France.
 1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands.1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands.
 1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.
 In 1680s, many countries unite against him in LeagueIn 1680s, many countries unite against him in League
of Augsburgof Augsburg
 France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, andFrance is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, and
high taxes.high taxes.

15. Louis Fights Disastrous WarsLouis Fights Disastrous Wars
 War of Spanish SuccessionWar of Spanish Succession
 War of Spanish Succession begins in 1701War of Spanish Succession begins in 1701
 This war attempts to prevent the union of theThis war attempts to prevent the union of the
French and Spanish throne.French and Spanish throne.
 War ends in 1714; France and Spain lose someWar ends in 1714; France and Spain lose some
possessions.possessions.

16. Louis Fights Disastrous WarsLouis Fights Disastrous Wars
 Louis’s Death and LegacyLouis’s Death and Legacy
 Louis dies leaving mixed legacyLouis dies leaving mixed legacy
 Rule makes France a major military and culturalRule makes France a major military and cultural
power in Europepower in Europe
 His wars and palace leave France with heavy debts.His wars and palace leave France with heavy debts.